Emigrate vs Immigrate vs MigrateIf you move to a different country, you emigrate. For example, if you are Canadian and you emigrate to Italy, you aren't on vacation — you are making Italy your new home. THINK EMIGRATE=EXITWhen a person immigrates, he or she moves to a new country. During the great wave of immigration between 1880 and 1924, over 25 million Europeans immigrated to the United States. THINK IMMIGRATE=COMING INTo migrate means to move from one place to another, sometimes part of a back-and-forth pattern, and sometimes to stay. THINK MIGRATE=MOVE

Remaining DefinitionsFree Enterprise-economic system where private individuals or groups can own property or businesses to make a profit with little government interferencePopulation Density-average number of people living on a square mile or kilometer of landIncentive-something that motives someone to actInfrastructure-systems that affect how well a place or organization operates; public services or systems like power, water and sewage, transportation, etc.

Push/Pull Factors

Push Factor: a negative aspect or condition that motivates one to leave, esp. in one's country.

• Oppression• Poverty• Political conflicts• Environmental factors

Pull Factor: A positive factor exerted by the locality towards which people move.

• Freedom• Economic opportunities• Cultural ties

International Political Organizations• NATO or North Atlantic Treaty Organization: 28 member

countries; protects the freedom of its members. Attacking one member nation is considered an attack on them all. • WTO or World Trade Organization: Organization that

oversees international trade and settles trade disputes• UN or United Nations: tries to get countries to cooperation

on areas of international law, international security, economic development, social progress, and human rights. Wants world peace. Created in response to WWII.

Countries and their Economy• GDP or Gross Domestic Product: value of goods and services produced

by a country in a year • GDP is the best indicator of economic health.• If the GDP is lower than what it was at that time last year, the economy

is lagging. • A decline for two or more quarters = recession.

• When the GDP is growing, a country is generally improving economically: Companies are hiring, and people are working.

Countries and their EconomyLevels of Development

Each country fits into one of the 3 levels of economic development factors. (pick 3-4 of the facts about each level to write)

More Developed Newly Industrialized Less Developed

• Literacy Rate 95+%• 10+ yrs of school• Low doctor/patient ratio• Spend significant $ on healthcare• Human and civil rights recognized

and protected• High % of population participates

in government• Politically Stable• High life expectancy• Low infant mortality, birth rates• Low population growth

• 60-95% Literacy rate• Varying years of school, $ spent on

healthcare, and doctor/patient ratio

• Civil and human rights sometimes recognized

• Low to medium % of population participate in government

• Some political instability and corruption

• Increasing life expectancy• Decreasing infant mortality and

birthrate• Decreasing population growth

• Literacy below 60%• Few years of school• Little $ spent on healthcare• High doctor/patient ratio• Civil and human rights not often

recognized• Low citizen participation in

government• Politically unstable and corrupt• Low life expectancy`• High infant mortality and birthrate• High population growth

HDI-Human Development Index•Measures people’s well-being, not just income•Based on 3 dimensions• Education (average years of school/expected years of school)•Health (life expectancy at birth)• Living standard (total value of goods and services produced by a country’s economy measured per person)

1 Define Urban Sprawl

2 Define Connectivity

3 Define Metropolitan

Area

4 Define Central Place

Theory

5 Define World Cities

Spreading of urban onto underdeveloped land near cities

Directness of routes and communication linking pairs and places

Region that includes a central city and it surrounding suburbs

Theory that tries to explain the number size and location of human settlements in an urban area

Cities that usually play an important role in the global economic system

6 What caused people to move

to the cities after the

Industrial Revolution?

7 What effect did higher

populations have on cities?

8 What 3 things

contributed to the growth

of cities?

9 Currently, what how

many people live in cities?

10 By 2025, approximately

how many people will live in urban areas?

New industries and factories created new jobs

Urban areas spread onto underdeveloped lands-Urban Sprawl

Industrialization, Economic Growth, population growth

Over half

2/3 of 8 billion or 5.3 billion

11 Why do urban

geographers use Urban Land Use

models?

12 Cities tend to be centers of

what?

13 What is at the center of a Concentric Zone Model?

14 In an urban area, what encourages

creativity and innovation?

15 Name challenges to urban areas.

Describe internal structure of cities and location patterns of people and businesses

Culture and creativity

Central Business District

Diversity of people

Pollution, poverty, crime, overcrowding, and social conflict

16 The concentric zone model was the first to do what?

17 How does a city grow in a

Concentric Zone

Model?

18 The Sector Land Use

Model suggests cities grow in sectors instead

of ____.

19 Why would a population shrink in an

area? What is this an

example of?

20 What theory studies

distribution patterns of a

region historically to help identify

settlement patterns?

Explain distribution of social groups in urban areas.

Outward from a central point creating rings.

Rings Industry no longer needed; Ghost Towns

Central Place Theory

16 The concentric zone model was the first to do what?

17 How does a city grow in a

Concentric Zone

Model?

18 The Sector Land Use

Model suggests cities grow in sectors instead

of ____.

19 Why would a population shrink in an

area? What is this an

example of?

20 What theory studies

distribution patterns of a

region historically to help identify

settlement patterns?

Explain distribution of social groups in urban areas.

Outward from a central point creating rings.

Rings Industry no longer needed; Ghost Towns

Central Place Theory

21 World Cities have which features?

22 What is suburbia?

23 Suburban cities are always located

near what?

24 Urbanization

is…

25 Why are people forced out

of rural areas?

International diverse cultures, active influence and interaction in world affairs, large population, international airport, advanced transportation.

Outlaying community around a city

Highways Relocation of people from rural to urban areas, changes in economic, social and political structures, and environmental and social changes

Not enough land to do subsistence farming

26 What major hurdle could

migrants experience in urban areas?

27 Why would foreign

companies find a labor surplus

attractive?

28 What problems do modern cities experience?

29 What is smart

growth/new urbanism?

30 Rapidly growing cities

causes strain on what?

Not enough jobs, low wages, and poverty

Can pay employees less and produce products cheaper

Poverty, homelessness, social problems, bad housing, pollution, and unemployment

Planning for growth in a strategic way to make it livable and neighborhoods walkable

Energy, education, healthcare, transportation, sanitation, and physical security.

On Your Exam you should know…• Where early cities developed and why• Levels of Development• Types of Economic Activities• Boundaries• Aspects of culture• What caused cultural changes in the 17-1800s• Ethnic Groups• International Political Organizations• Motivating factors during the Industrial

Revolution• Urban Sprawl

• Urbanization• Push and Pull Factor• Four types of economic systems• Characteristics of religions• Population Density• Population Pyramids• Forms of Government• Levels of Government• Metropolitan Area• Concentric Zone Model• Cultural Regions

On Your Exam you should know…• 40 Questions worth 2.5 points each• 3 bonus questions

• Types of questions• True/False• Multiple Choice• Matching• Fill-in the blank• Short/Brief Answer

• I have not decided if I will allow you to use your book or notes, so STUDY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Flash CardsWrite the key term, date, question, or concept on this side.DO NOT INCLUDE ANY KEY DETAILS

OR INFORMATION.

Take the most important points about the term, date, answer to the question or

concept on this side List the most important points.

Draw diagrams if you need to.

Representative Democracy

Citizens vote for representativesRepresentatives vote on laws/represent

voters in governmentAnswer to people through elections

Held accountable by constitution

What now?• You are to work on your Study Guide• This will help prepare you for the test, but you still need to study for

it!• Use flashcards!!• Also use info cards I’m giving you• You may work in groups

• After you are done with your Study Guide, you should work on flash cards• http://connected.mcgraw-hill.com

STUDY GUIDE WILL NEED TO BE TURNED IN THE DAY OF YOUR TEST! IT IS WORTH A GRADE!!

Not done with your study guide?Then it’s homework!!!• Use the online version of the book.• If you haven’t already registered, here’s the information• Website: http://connected.mcgraw-hill.com • Redemption code to register: RNWE-JQXO-NQ5O

•Prejudice is referred to as a conclusion drawn by anyone without judging the actions of a person or thing.•Racism is based on a decision that is mostly premature and is based on the way a specific system is working in a country or a society.•The major difference between prejudice and racism is that a person can be prejudice even if he is not a racist but a person can’t be referred to as racist if he is not prejudice.