Endocrinology

By Allison and Karina

Name the endocrine organs…Hypothalamus

Adrenal

Pancreas

Kidney

Ovary

Uterus

Pituitary

Thyroid

Thymus

Testes

What are the three main types of hormones?

1. Polypeptide 2. Steroids3. Modified amino acids

How are hormones made?

Screen Shot 2014-10-07 at 13.55.28

Signalling cell close to Signalling and

target cell the same

Signalling cell

Target cell

Signalling molecule travel in blood to

target cell

Name the types of chemical communication…

Talking to yourselfConversation/meeting

Phone call

Paracrine signalling

Endocrine signalling

Autocrine signalling

Signalling cell close to Signalling and

target cell the same

Signalling cell

Target cell

Signalling molecule travel in blood to

target cell

How are steroid and peptide hormones transported in the blood?

Peptides = dissolve in blood (as they are hydrophillic) and bind to cell surface receptors

Steroids (and thyroid) = transported attached to binding proteins because they are hydrophobic. Bind to cell surface OR intracellular receptors.

Feedback Control

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Target endocrine

gland

Releasing hormone

Trophic hormone

Hormone

--

Cortisol

Feedback Control

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

Target endocrine

gland

Releasing hormone

Trophic hormone

Hormone

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

Cortisol

Adrenal gland

What are the functions of cortisol?

• Connective tissue • Lets the baby grow• Immune functions inhibited • Muscle mass • Bone function

What are the symptoms of having too much cortisol?

CUSHINGS

• Depression • Insomnia • Psychosis • Libido lowered • Obesity (central)• Moon face • Amennhorrea• Striae

What do you predict will happen to the hormones in this loop (high, low or normal) when Cushing’s

syndrome is being caused by: a) hypothalamus, b) anterior pituitary, c) adrenal gland:

What do you predict will happen to the hormones in this loop (high, low or normal) when Cushing’s

syndrome is being caused by: a) hypothalamus, b) anterior pituitary, c) adrenal gland:

What is Addison’s condition?

Adrenal insufficiency.

Adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones: cortisol and aldosterone.

What are the symptoms of Addison’s?

Back pain AnorexiaNausea/ vomiting DiarrhoeaAbdo pain Impotence Depression

Formative Style Questions

Which of the following best describes hormones?

1. Work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them

2. All are lipid soluble 3. Chemical messengers that are released into

the environment4. Hormones are stable, long lasting chemicals

released from glands

What part of the cell is involved in steroid synthesis?

A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum C. Golgi apparatus D. Nucleus

What does paracrine mean?

A. To self B. To a nearby cellC. To a distant cell D. Into a duct