7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

1/12

PARATHYROID GLANDS

ERIC MAYO DAGRADI dr MKes

Department of Physiology

Medical School of Universitas Hang Tuah

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

2/12

OVERVIEW

In humans there are 4 glands, 2 embedded in the

superior part of thyroid glands, 2 in its inferior

poles. Product: Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Primary function: regulate the plasma calcium

level.

Play important role in bone formation

Hypocalcaemia

tetanic contraction

Hypercalcaemia

Muscle weakness, muscular reflex insensitivity,

neural system suppression

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

3/12

Four Parathyroid

glands are usually

found posterior to

the thyroid gland

Total weight of

parathyroid tissue is

about 150mg

Parathyroid hormone

(PTH) is made by

these glands

Parathyroid Gland Anatomy

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

4/12

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

5/12

25-Hydroxyholecalciferol

1,25 Dihydroxyholecalciferol

(Calcitriol)

GIT

Absorption

Ca

Phosphate

Bone

formation

Kidney

Reabsorption

of

Calcium

Phosphate

Bone

resorption

PTH

ECF

Calcium Phosphate

kidney

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

6/12

ABNORMALITIES

1. Hypoparathyroidea

Effects:

Bone resorption ; Renal calcium reabsorption

Low plasma calcium level (normal: 10 mg%)

6

-

7 mg%

Tetany

Laryngeal muscle tetany

obstruction

fatal

Renal phosphate reabs

plasma level

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

7/12

Therapy:

PTH supplementation- significant effects only 24-36 hrs

- immune bodies + effects

Vitamin D and Calcium supplementation- intestinal Ca absorption

- bone resorption

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

8/12

2. Hyperparathyroidea

If PTH calcium phosphateCausal: tumor (mostly), women preferred .

LactationPregnancy

Ca need

Plasma Ca level

Chronic stimulation on glands

Hyperthrophy

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

9/12

The effects of hyperparathyroidea1.

Osteitis fibrosa cystica(von Recklinghausens disease)bone resorption cyst

2. Hypercalcaemia

Normal Ca level: 10 mg%Well adapted until 12-15 mg%Reach 20 mg%:- CNS-PNS depressions- Constipation- Muscle weakness- Lack in appetite- Renal disorder stone

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

10/12

RICKETSIA

-On children-Causal: insufficiency of vitamin D intake

7-dehydrocholesterol(pre-vitamin D)

sunlight

vitamin D

CaPhosphate absorption

GI Tract

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

11/12

RICKETSIA

- On adults

- Caused by STEATHORRHEA

digestive disorder fat absorp

(vitamin D is dissolvable in fat)

excreted with faeces

7/21/2019 Endocrinology - Parathyroid

12/12