Kinetic Energy The energy of motion. The amount of kinetic
energy a moving object has depends on its speed and mass. The
faster something is moving, the more kinetic energy it has.
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Potential Energy The energy that an object has because of its
position or shape. This rubber band has potential energy until it
is flipped and then it has kinetic energy.
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Forms of Energy All energy involves either motion or position.
Energy comes in several different forms: thermal (heat) energy,
chemical energy, electrical energy, sound energy, light (radiant)
energy, and nuclear energy.
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Gravitational Energy Energy an object or substance has because
of its position. Ex, An apple hanging from a tree.
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Stored Mechanical Energy Energy stored in an object by the
application of force. Must push or pull on an object. Ex,
stretching a rubber band, a pin ball machine, compressing a
slinky.
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Nuclear Energy Nuclear Energy is the energy caused by changes
in the nucleus of an atom. An atom is the smallest particle into
which an element can be divided and still remain that element.
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Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy can be created from the splitting
of atoms (which store a lot of potential energy) and can be used to
create electrical energy at nuclear power plants.
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Nuclear Energy
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Chemical Energy Chemical energy is the energy stored in a
substance that can be released when the substance reacts during a
chemical reaction. Ex. When wood is burned, chemical energy is
released.
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Electrical Energy Electrical energy is the energy of moving
electrons. Ex. when you plug in the radio, the electrons begin to
move, energy is transferred to different parts of the radio and
sound is produced.
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Sound Energy Sound energy is caused by an objects vibrations.
Ex. when a guitar string vibrates, energy is transferred from the
moving string to the air particles around it which transmit it from
particle to particle producing sound.
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Sound Energy
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Radiant (Light) Energy Light energy is cause by the vibrations
of electrically charged particles. Not all light can be seen such
as the light energy used to cook food in a microwave oven.
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Thermal Energy Thermal energy is the heat energy that is
created from moving particles. The faster the particles move, the
more kinetic energy they have and the greater the objects thermal
(heat) energy is.
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Thermal Energy Particles of a substance that are father apart
have more energy than particles of the same substance that are
closer together. Thermal energy depends on the number of particles
in a substance.
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Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or
destroyed, it is only changed into another form of energy.
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Energy Transformation An energy transformation is a change from
one form of energy to another. This can also be called an energy
conversion. Any form of energy can be changed into any other form.
Often, one form of energy is changed into more than one form.
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Energy Transformation Example: Electrical Electrical Sound and
Light
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Energy Efficiency Compares the amount of energy before a
conversion with the amount of useful energy after the
transformation.
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Mechanical Energy Mechanical Energy is the sum of an objects
potential and kinetic energy. Ex. A swinging pendulums mechanical
energy is all kinetic (KE) at the bottom of its swing and all
potential (PE) at the top of its swing.
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Energy Transformation Kinetic vs. Potential
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Energy Transformation The water behind the Hoover Dam has
energy (Potential) because of its position relative to the planet
earth, which is attracting it with a gravitational force. Letting
water down to the bottom of the dam converts that energy into
energy of motion (Kinetic). When the water reaches the bottom of
the dam, it hits turbine blades that drive generators, and its
energy of motion is converted into electrical energy.
