Photosynthesis

review

Word Bank

oxygen

heterotrophs

glucose

carbon

dioxide

autotrophs

chloroplasts

energy

water

Energy from

food

Cellular

respiration

Equation

ENERGY FOR LIFE

process that stores ________ from sunlight in the bonds of

__________ molecules.

what kind of organisms can photosynthesize? __________

photosynthesis takes place in the ____________.

organisms: can make their own food are ___________

organisms: consume other organisms for food are _______.

chemical equation for photosynthesis:

6 _______ + 6 _______ + ______ ______ + 6 _______

ATP ADP + P + ________

Cellular Respiration (CR) Overview

energy released when bonds in food molecules are broken.

calorie: energy to heat 1 g H2O by 1oC.

Calorie: kilocalorie: used on food labels.

process which releases energy from glucose slowly.

occurs in ALL cells (plant and animal).

generates ATP to power all life processes.

inputs: glucose and oxygen

outputs: carbon dioxide, and water and energy

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy(heat/ATP)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Location

3 Stages of CR

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Mitochondria

outer membrane: smooth

intermembrane space: between outer and inner layers.

inner membrane (cristae): folded to increase surface

area for chemical reactions

matrix: enzymes, water, DNA and ribosomes.

Glycolysis: in cytoplasm

splits glucose into 2 pyruvates; releases some ATP.

Krebs cycle: in matrix of mitochondria

splits pyruvates; releases CO2 and some ATP.

Electron transport chain: inner membrane of mitochondria

uses O2; releases lots of ATP ,heat and water.

processes that require oxygen

Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

processes that do not require oxygen

glycolysis; fermentation

Comparison with

photosynthesis

Glycolysis

products of photosynthesis = reactants of cellular respiration

photosynthesis: plants, algae, some bacteria

cellular respiration: all organisms.

Processes of Cellular Respiration

glyco = glucose; lysis = breakdown

occurs in cytoplasm

glucose (6C) split into 2 pyruvic acid molecules (2X3C)

cell invests 2 ATP

produces:

2 ATP

2 NADH (energy carriers)

2 pyruvic acids

advantages:

very fast (thousands of ATP in milliseconds)

no oxygen needed

Krebs cycle

Electron

Transport Chain

and

ATP synthase

Total ATP

Fermentation

aerobic process (only occurs if oxygen is present)

occurs in mitochondria matrix

pyruvic acid molecules broken down:

CO2 (released when we exhale)

ATP

NAPH and FADH2 (carry energy to ETC)

aerobic process

occurs in folds of inner membrane of mitochondria

electrons passed from protein to protein to oxygen!

heat given off

water produces

32 ATP made by ATP synthase

1 glucose = 36 ATP

(36% of total energy in glucose)

lipids and proteins can be broken down in CR also.

anaerobic respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available.

occurs in cytoplasm

NAD+ produced so glycolysis can continue.

Alcoholic

fermentation

Lactic acid

fermentation

Energy and

exercise

yeast and some bacteria

glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide + NAD+

baking and brewing industries:

CO2 gas (makes dough rise and drinks fizzy)

alcohol (beer, wine, other spirits)

production of biofuels

sewage treatment

bacteria, fungi and most organisms

glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + NAD+

muscle cells when not enough oxygen (leads to soreness)

some bacteria and fungi used in food preservation:

yoghurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut, kimchi, etc.

quick energy

ATP already in muscles and lactic acid fermentation

lasts for 90 seconds

long-term energy

aerobic cellular respiration required

glycogen for 15-20 minutes

break down fats, etc.