PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION

ENERGY IN THE CELL

ENERGY IN THE CELL

ENERGY CONVERSIONS

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

ATP for cell usage

Is about

Starting with Transformed by

Converted to

Plants & photosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis takes place in specialized

structures inside plant cells called chloroplastsLight absorbing pigment molecules e.g.

chlorophyll

PhotosynthesisMethod of converting sun energy into

chemical energy usable by cellsAutotrophs: self feeders, organisms capable

of making their own foodPhotoautotrophs: use sun energy e.g. plants

photosynthesis-makes organic compounds (glucose) from light

Chemoautotrophs: use chemical energy e.g. bacteria that use sulfide or methane chemosynthesis-makes organic compounds from chemical energy contained in sulfide or methane

Equation for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6 H2O C6 H 12O6 + 6O2

light

Overall Reaction6CO2 + 12 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2+ 6H2O

The Carbohydrate made is glucose

Water appears on both sides because 12 H2O molecules are required and 6 new H2O molecules are made

Water is split as a source of electrons from hydrogen atoms releasing O2 as a product

Electrons increase potential energy when moved from water to sugar therefore energy is required (endergonic reaction)

Harvesting Chemical EnergySo we see how energy enters food chains (via

autotrophs) we can look at how organisms use that energy to fuel their bodies.

Plants and animals both use products of photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel

Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals

When we take in glucose (or other carbs), proteins, and fats-these foods don’t come to us the way our cells can use them

ENERGY FOR LIFE PROCESSES

RADIANT ENERGY

CHEMICAL ENERGY

CHEMICAL ENERGY

PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION CONVERTS RADIANT SOLAR ENERGY INTO CHEMICAL

ENERGY STORED IN THE BONDS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ( GLUCOSE)

ENERGY FOR MOST LIVING ORGANISMS COMES FROM THE SUN AND IS

CONVERTED TO USABLE FORM THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

SUN PhotosynthesisBy autotrophs

Respiration by autotrophs & heterotrophs

Cell activities

Cellular respiration: IS A SET OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS THAT OCCUR INSIDE EVERY ORGANISM’S CELLS.

DURING CELLULAR RESPIRATION, FOOD MOLECULES ARE BROKEN DOWN TO RELEASE THE ENERGY IN THEIR BONDS. (EXCERGONIC REACTION).

THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS MADE BY PLANTS ( CALVIN CYCLE) DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS ARE THE FOOD THAT SUPPLIES THE ENERGY USED BY AUTOTROPHS & HETEROTROPHS FOR LIFE.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION: - ANAEROBIC – DOES NOT NEED

OXYGEN - AEROBIC – NEEDS OXYGEN.

CYTOPLASM GLYCOLYSIS ANAEROBIC

MITOCHONDRIA AEROBIC

LACTIC ACID

ETHYL ALCOHOL + CO2

GLUCOSE

2 PYRUVIC ACID

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

KREB’S CYCLE

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

ELECTRON TRANSPORTCHAIN

CO2H2O

ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

GLYCOLYSIS:

BOTH ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC RESPIRATION BEGINs WITH GLYCOLYSIS

OCCURS IN CYTOPLASM

PRODUCES ATP - adenosinetriphosphate

FERMENTATION:

THE PROCESS OF BREAKING DOWN PYRUVIC ACID WITHOUT THE USE OF OXYGEN

DOES NOT PRODUCE ATP

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION: ANAEROBIC respiration

CONVERSION OF PYRUVIC ACID TO LACTIC ACID.

EX. MUSCLE SORENESS

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION: ANAEROBIC respiration

SOME PLANT CELLS AND UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS CONVERT P YRUVIC ACID TO ETHYL ALCOHOL.

BEER AND WINE DEPEND ON YEASTS TO PRODUCE ALCOHOL THROUGH FERMENTATION.

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

REQUIRES OXYGEN

OCCUR INSIDE THE MITOCHONDRIA

KREBS CYCLE RESULTS IN THE FORMATION OF ATP

CO2 , H2O , ATP ARE ALL PRODUCTS OF AEROBIC

RESPIRATION

FORMULA FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

C6 H12O6 + 6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP