Energy molecules for cells

SBI 3U

Key terms

• Catalysis: the rate of a chemical reaction is either speeded up or slowed down by a catalyst.

• Metabolism: the sum of all the chemical processes happening in a cell/organism.

• Energy: required to “do work”. Can be converted from one form to another. E.G. Chemical energy in a battery can be converted to electrical energy and then light energy.

All living cells need energy

• All cells need energy to function. • This energy comes from the bonds between

atoms. (E.g. Glucose molecule)• Is stored or released: is in the form of

chemical energy.• Two Types of reactions– Endergonic: energy is taken in (entrance)– Exergonic : energy is given out (exit)

REDOX reactions

• losing and gaining of electrons• Reduction/Oxidation • Reaction in cells is about losing and gaining

electrons.

OILRIG

• Mnemonic (memory tool)• Oxidation is losing electrons (OIL)• Reduction is gaining electrons (RIG)

ATP - Adenosine Triphosphate

NAD - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

• is a coenzyme• Coenzymes are organic

molecules used by enzymes to carry out their functions.

• Act as intermediate carriers of electrons

• NAD+ carries electrons from one reaction to another.