Energy

Energy Transformation and Conservation

GoalsBy the end of the presentation, the student will be able to correctly name the characteristics of the electromagnetic waves.By the end of the presentation, the student will be able to correctly explain what makes up the electromagnetic spectrum.By the end of the presentation the student will be able to correctly explain how does heat affect a systemBy the end of the presentation the student will recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from a system may result in a temperature change and possible a change of state.Concept wordsWavelengthFrequencyEnergyStatePotential energyKinetic energyEnergy transformationLaw of conservation of energyFrictionAbsolute zeroConvection current

How does a cell phone work?

Using antennaeBy transmitting and receiving signalsBy radio frequencies Electromagnetic WaveIts a disturbance that involves the transfer of electric and magnetic energy. It moves at the speed of light.

Energy by the way is the capacity to do work or any source of usable power, as fossil fuel, electricity or solar energy. (www.dictionary.com)Electromagnetic radiation is the energy that electromagnetic waves transfer through matter or space. They do not need air to transfer, they take up empty space. ( Sun transfers through electromagnetic radiation)How do electromagnetic waves compare?They have different wavelengths and they move at different frequencies. Frequency is the numberof waves that pass througha given point in a certain amount of time.

What are the properties of a wave?

What is the importance of the UV rays?They help you produce vitamin D needed to fixate the calcium to your bones and for the teeth.

Energy transformation and conservationWhat is biomass?

Check point

What is the importance of learning about electromagnetic waves?What can we predict by studying the properties of waves? Name two uses that humans give to waves? Could you name any other one? What type of energy does Florida produce a lot? What is the benefit of this type of energy?

How does heat affect a system? When heat is added to a system, the temperature of substances in the system increases. When heat is removed from the system, temperatures decrease. If enough heat is added to or removed from a system, substances in the system will change state.What is a state?It is the form in which matter exits: solid, liquid, gas, *plasma*

States of matter

Boiling vs freezing point*Boiling point It is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid making the liquid change into a vapor.https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/boil.html*Freezing point- The temperature at which a liquid of specified composition solidifies under a fixed pressure, usually standard pressure.http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapter2/lesson4#ice_bomb

Can the ocean freeze?

Can the ocean freeze? (NOOA)Ocean water freezes just like freshwater, but at lower temperatures. Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit but seawater freezes at about 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit, because of the salt in it. When seawater freezes, however, the ice contains very little salt because only the water part freezes. It can be melted down to use as drinking water.

At least 15 percent of the ocean is covered by sea ice some part of the year. On average, sea ice covers almost about 10 million square miles of the Earth.

Sea water becomes more and more dense as it becomes colder, right down to its freezing point. Fresh water, on the other hand, is most dense while still at 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit, well above the freezing point. The average temperature of all ocean water is about 38.3 degrees Fahrenheit.Why do we put salt on icy sidewalks in the winter?Because it lowers the freezing point of water from 32 degrees Fahrenheit to more or less 20 degrees Fahrenheit.

Check pointHow is it called when liquid water transforms into solid water? How does this happen? At what temperature does liquid water becomes solid? Liquid? How would the environment be affected if the temperatures dropped fast? Explain using information that you might know about the winter storm and the winter blizzard that is happening right now. Potential Energy and kinetic energy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5WJoup-RD8

Types of energy related to particlesChemical- from the foods that you eatThermal- the total kinetic energy and potential energy in the particlesNuclear- from the nucleus of the atom (The suns energy is produced by nuclear fusion)Electrical- from electrical charges ( ex. Lightning)Electromagnetic- from vibrating electrical charges (ex. Light) How is energy converted during a transformation?Single transformation- One form of energy can be transformed into another one Ex. Chemical energy from food is transformed into mechanical energy needed to move the muscles of the body.Multiple transformations- A series of transformations is needed to do work. Ex. Car- electrical energy produces a spark, the thermal energy of it releases chemical energy in the fuel, this breaks down creating pressure. The pressure will transform the chemical energy into mechanical energy and the car will move. Kinetic and Potential energy- The most common Ex. A rock falls from a cliff (potential to kinetic energy)Energy ConservationLaw of conservation of energy-Energy is neither lost nor created during a transformationH2O 2 H + OEx. Car- You put gasoline ( chemical energy), when it burns it becomes into heat energy, which makes the pistons moves and they make the car move (mechanical energy)

Friction- is the force that one surface puts onto another surface. When energy is exposed to friction, it decreases and heat is produced.Check point

What does the law of conservation of energy stipulates? How can energy be changed without being lost or created? Explain using valid examplesWhat are the types of energy related to particles? Provide an example for kinetic energy and for potential energy

Temperature, Thermal Energy, and HeatTemperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of an objectUS uses Fahrenheit degrees32 F degrees is 0 C degrees100 F degrees is 37.7 C degreesAbsolute zero is measured in Kelvin degrees and its the equivalent to -273 C degrees (-459 F degrees)

Thermal EnergyIs the total energy of all the particles in an object.(ex. P. 358)

( 200 C degrees)( 200 C degrees)

Transfer of heatHeat is the transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object by convection, conduction or radiation. It is measured in JoulesConvection occurs only in liquid and the heat transfer in this medium produces convection currents