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Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

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Page 1: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Engaging and motivating students

A workshop developed for Bilkent University by

Gordon Suddaby

Active Learning

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 2: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

From the Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education by Arthur W. Chickering and Zelda F. Gamson

3. Good Practice Encourages Active Learning

Learning is not a spectator sport. Students do not learn much just sitting in classes listening to teachers, memorizing pre-packaged assignments, and spitting out answers. They must talk about what they are learning, write about it, relate it to past experiences, and apply it to their daily lives. They must make what they learn part of themselves.

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 3: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

It’s what the student does!Biggs and Tang, (2007) chap. 2Chickering and Gamson’s principle 3 aligns with

Biggs and Tang’s view that we need to be teaching according to how students learn.

(Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education. AAHE Bulletin March 1987).

This aligns with Wittrock’s research which said that activity was better than inactivity

(Handbook of research on teaching, M.C. Wittrock - 1986 )

It is also about engagement; High quality teaching implies recognising that students must be engaged with the content of learning tasks in a way that is likely to enable them to reach understanding...

Ramsden, 2003 cited in Bryson and Hand, 2007Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 4: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Activity 12: Engaging students activelyBriefly outline a strategy/activity

that you use and find successful in engaging students in your class

Be prepared to discuss this and to explain why you believe it is successful

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 5: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Remember!When you have a class of students sitting

on their chairs looking at you, you can be sure of two things!

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 6: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Remember!When you have a class of students sitting

on their chairs looking at you, you can be sure of two things!

1: They are sitting on their chairs

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 7: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Remember!When you have a class of students sitting

on their chairs looking at you you can be sure of two things!

1: They are sitting on their chairs

AND

2: They are looking at you!!!

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 8: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

...And also most people learn...10% of what they read20% of what they hear30% of what they see50% of what they see and hear70% of what they talk over with others80% of what they do and use in real life90% of what they teach to someone elseBiggs, 1999 attributed to Glaser.

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 9: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

What is active learning and does it help?Definition Active learning is generally defined as any

instructional method that engages students in the learning process. (It includes Cooperative Learning, Collaborative learning and Problem based learning).

(Prince, 2004)There are two core aspects to using active

learning approaches:1. Using it in traditional lecture classes to maintain

interest and attentionAnd

2. To promote student engagement with the material

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 10: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

What are the effects of activity on learning?It:Enhances attention and concentrationHeightens preparednessEnhances performanceIncreases alertness (through increased

adrenaline)Enhances retentionIncreases motivationEnhances engagement

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 11: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Caveats!But: It is important to realise that the actual

activity influences the learningSo:Ensure that the activity is seen as relevant

and contributing to the learning process e.g. By encouraging students to think about what they are learning

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 12: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

What sort of activities might be used?Physical actionsCooperative activitiesCollaborative activitiesProblem-based approaches

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 13: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Types of ActivitiesTeacher -directed

Peer-directed

Self-directed

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Page 14: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Teacher directed activities are best where...in-depth work is requiredthe teacher is the expertthe focus is prioritised contentknowledge needs to be imparted,

explained, clarifiedfeedback is neededunderstanding can be deepened through

teacher-student interaction

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 15: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Types of Teacher-directed activities

Lectures and class teachingTutorialsLaboratoriesStudios Class presentationsConcept mappingQuestioningSeminarsThink-aloud modellingBrainstormingPyramiding...

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 16: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Peer directed activities are best for...

elaborating and broadeningenabling judgments about standards to be

madeincreasing understandingproviding different perspectivesencouraging insightsenhancing motivationincreasing self-concept...(Peer Directed activities are often set up by

teachers);

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 17: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Types of Peer directed activitiesSyndicate groupsBuzz groupsJigsawProblem solving groupsLearning partnersReciprocal questioningPostbox groupsProject teams‘Snowballs’

...

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 18: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Self Directed activities are best for...

encouraging autonomyenhancing learningseeking new informationutilising informationevaluating importance of informationsolving non-text type problemsdeveloping reflectionfocusing on self-improvement...

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 19: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Types of self-directed activitiesNote keepingNote taking and makingStrategic and additional readingWriting within the disciplineUsing concept mapsSQ3R (survey, question, read, reflect, review)RevisionB.I.G (Beyond information given)W.I.G.(without information given)All study skills ...Self Directed activities involve independent learning

and study – a key objective of higher education requiring motivation, relevance and study skills

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 20: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Encouraging and enhancing self-directed activity by...Embedding time management

advice and practices into your programme

Embedding study skills strategies into your teaching

Embedding a range of other useful strategies

Encouraging and acknowledge (value) reflection

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 21: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Further motivational and active strategies -1Building on the known.

Review and link workUse familiar examples as illustrations

Use and explain parallelsUse cross referenceCurriculum design (incorporating real-world examples)

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 22: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Further motivational and active strategies - 2Maximising structure;

Avoid content overloadAvoid ramblingProvide ‘advance organisers’Involve ‘attention grabbers’Avoid over-simplificationIncorporate reflective experiencesEnsure materials are linkedMake the material accessibleProvide students with ‘clues’Avoids ‘spoon feeding’Avoid giant ‘intellectual leaps’

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 23: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Further motivational and active strategies - 3Use error constructively

Involves formative assessmentSupport a climate where its ok to

make mistakesEncourages risk takingEnables misconception to be identified

and correctedUse discussion and debate

Subtle questioning...

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 24: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Twelve Active Learning StrategiesOpening question Introductory ‘Think-Pair-Share’Focused listingBrainstormQuestions?“The blank slide!”Think-pair-shareNote checkQuestion and answer pairsTwo minute paper ‘One last question...’One final questionReference: University of Minnesota Centre for

Teaching and LearningGordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 25: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Using powerpoint actively“If the only tool you have is a hammer, then every problem looks like a nail!”

List the strengths and weaknesses of this tool

Advantages of powerpoint.

Disadvantages of powerpoint

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 26: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Using powerpoint actively 1Gaining attention

A dramatic imageA blank slideA video clipAdd music

Provide a roadmap of the sessionList objectivesReview progress so farDisplay an ‘opening question’Display an initial activity

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]

Page 27: Engaging and motivating students A workshop developed for Bilkent University by Gordon Suddaby Active Learning Gordon Suddaby - g.t.suddaby@massey.ac.nz

Teaching that promotes learning...Focuses on;

Allowing students to make choices Encourages students to develop reflection and self-evaluation capability

Offering a variety of experiencesProviding a realistic and feasible workload

Giving prompt and effective feedback

Gordon Suddaby - [email protected]