English Comprehension and Composition – Lecture 16

Objectives:Paragraph Writing

What is a paragraph?

A developed, but manageable thought.

Writing a Paragraph

Hamburger ModelThe hamburger

paragraph format provides a clear

structure for writing an organized paragraph.

Essentials of a Good Paragraph

• Unity• A good topic sentence• Logical sequence of

thoughts• Variety• A comprehensive final

sentence

Hamburger Paragraphs

How to write a reallygreat paragraph!

The Topic Sentence (Top Bun)

• Very first sentence of your paragraph.

• Always needs to be indented.

• Tells what your paragraph is going to be about.

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to teach because I love being at school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly. A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are just a few reasons I love to teach.

The First Detail (Lettuce)

• Should not be the most important detail.

• Needs to follow directly after the topic sentence.

• Needs to be full of good “lettucy” details!

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to teach because I love being at

school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly. A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are just a few reasons I love to teach.

The Second Detail (Tomato)

• Still should not be the most important detail.

• Needs to follow directly after the lettuce sentence.

• Needs to be full of good “juicy” details!

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to

teach because I love being at school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly. A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are just a few reasons I love to teach.

The Third Detail (Cheese)

• Still not be the most important detail.

• Needs to start differently than other sentences.

• Needs to be full of good “cheesy” details!

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to

teach because I love being at school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly. A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are just a few reasons I love to teach.

The Last Detail (Meat)

• Finally!! The most important detail.

• Should start differently than most of the other sentences.

• Needs to be full of good “meaty” details!

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to

teach because I love being at school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly. A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are just a few reasons I love to teach.

The Closing Sentence (Bottom Bun)

• Should look a lot like the topic sentence.

• Needs to summarize the topic.

• Needs to be an obvious end to the sentence.

There are many reasons that I love to teach. First of all, I love to

teach because I love being at school. Another reason I love teaching is that the days go by quickly. A third reason I love to teach is because I love seeing a student understand something new. Finally, I love to teach because I love to be around kids. These are just a few reasons I love to teach.

How to Write a ParagraphSome Exercises

The topic sentence introduces the main idea of a paragraph.

Although most people believe that man’s best friend is a dog, I think it should be a cat.

Cats have been used as pets since the time of the pharaohs in Egypt. They have been found in countries all over the world. Obviously, cats have been the favorites of man for hundreds of years. I suppose cats are so well liked because they are gentle, friendly and easy to take care of.

What’s missing?

He collects books that were written over a hundred years ago. But he is also interested in the best sellers of today. If I ever need to get him a present, I know I can always please him by buying him a book.

What’s missing?

The most beautiful flower is the rose because it comes in so many different colors. Another beautiful flower is the daisy which sometimes grows wild. Spring flowers like tulips, daffodils, and crocuses are also very pretty.

What’s missing?

First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Finally, Canada’s cities are clean and efficiently managed.

He collects books that were written over a hundred years ago. But he is also interested in the best sellers of today. If I ever need to get him a present, I know I can always please him by buying him a book.

• Which of the following topic sentences is the best one for the above paragraph?

• A. Reading is fun.• B. Books are my father’s hobby.• C. My father was a main influence in my life.

The most beautiful flower is the rose because it comes in so many different colors. Another beautiful flower is the daisy which sometimes grows wild. Spring flowers like tulips, daffodils, and crocuses are also very pretty.

• Which of the following topic sentences is the best one for the above paragraph?

• A. Don’t you just love spring?• B. The rose is the most loved flower the world over.• C. There are many lovely flowers to consider for your

garden.

First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Finally, Canada’s cities are clean and efficiently managed

• A. Canada is our friendly neighbor to the north.• B. There are three reasons why Canada is one of

the best countries of the world.• C. Choose Canada as a great place to vacation.

Write a paragraph on any one of the following topics.

1. My Idea of a Fun Weekend2. My Favourite Restaurant3. My Most Embarrassing Moment4. If I Were a Teacher5. My First School Memories

Recap

• What is a Paragraph• Hamburger Model• Exercises

ReferencesThe material has been adapted from the following links:http://www.google.com.pk/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=paragraph+writing+ppt&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CE4QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.cn.edu%2Fkwheeler%2Fppt%2Fparagraph.pps&ei=vQwRUMnuCuXF0QWp0IGwCw&usg=AFQjCNEV31nZiDsaNJEkEHI4ChcdsVhtfg

http://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=hamburger+paragraph+writing+ppt&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CFEQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingrockets.org%2Fcontent%2Fpdfs%2Fparahamburger.ppt&ei=4Q0RUOaJIMGw0AXVy4DQBg&usg=AFQjCNGltgFBrsaVoWUpwTGEB0SANuNbDw

http://www.google.com.pk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=hamburger+paragraph+writing+ppt&source=web&cd=7&ved=0CF4QFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Feng-lang-arts-6-preap01.hcms.eanesisd.net%2Fmodules%2Flocker%2Ffiles%2Fget_group_file.phtml%3Fgid%3D1857947%26fid%3D7787447&ei=4Q0RUOaJIMGw0AXVy4DQBg&usg=AFQjCNEGJfN3y8yUIpxgKna0_CrDUNamVg

http://www3.pef.uni-lj.si/~tujijeziki/rp/1_letnik/exercises_on_paragraph_writing.pdf

http://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/academic-writing/http://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/parag/paragex3.htm