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English Grammar and Exercises for ESL learners.
English Modal VerbsModal verbs are a type of auxiliary verb which express the mood of another verb. They are usedto express ideas such as possibility, prediction, speculation, deduction and necessity.
ModalConceptExample
CanAbility:
Permission:
Offers :Julie can swim.
Can I come with you? ('May' is also used.)
Can I help you?
CouldPossibility:
Past ability :
Permission :
Requests :That story could be true - who knows!
Charlie could swim when he was four years old.
Could I use your phone please?
Could you tell me the way to the station please?
MayPossibility :
Permission :The President may come to our officesif the meeting finishes before 5 pm.
May I borrow your dictionary?
MightSlight possibility :
Past form of 'may'in reported speech.We might win a prize but I doubt it.
The President said he might come.
ShouldAdvice :
Logical deduction :You should take an umbrella in case it rains.
I've revised so I should be ready for the test.
Ought toAdvice :
Logical deduction :You ought to write to your grandmother.
30 ought to be enough for the taxi.
ShallFuture tense auxiliary :
Offers/suggestionswith ''I' and 'we'I shall be in London on Monday (or I'll be ...).
Shall I order a taxi?Shall we begin the meeting now?
WillFuture tense auxiliary:
Invitations/offers :The ticket will cost about 50.
Will you join us for coffee? Won't you come in?