ENGLISH PHILOLOGY

England

What do we know? Write down ANYTHING you think you might know

about this country. bubbl.us

What is England?

https://www.google.com/maps/place/England,+UK/@48.9393077,-7.3823063,3z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x47d0a98a6c1ed5df:0xf4e19525332d8ea8

England < Great Britain < The United Kingdom (UK)

Philology

philology: the branch of knowledge that deals with the structure, historical development, and relationships of a language or languages.

“A Borrowed Language”

What might this mean?

Cuchulain (Cuh-Hullen) The oldest known British Isles folk hero. (Very Irish)

The Original Celtic

Cathac of St. Columbia

Early story

Written centuries later

The Original Celtic – Pangur Ban A monk’s

poem about a cat

This is not English

It might serve as the basis for what English became.

An example of modern Gaelic https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=e6JbUDBfY1E

The Original Celtic Before AD 43 – Old

Celtic/Britton

Romans drove them out

Romans spoke Latin

Latin influence in the area (Romano-British)

Welcome!

What were the two languages we discussed yesterday?

Which was there first and which was brought and who

brought it to England?

The Timeline (so far)

????? – 43AD – Celtic/British 43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British

The Anglo-Saxon Invasion

Anglo-Saxons

Following Roman retreat in 5th century AD (Anno Domini, “In the year of our Lord,” or CE (common era)

Germanic Kingdoms

Slaughter of Locals?Probably not.

Small groups settled unused land.

Acculturation or slow integration.

Anglo-Saxon culture kinda took over.

Brittons still there

Remnants of Celtic and Latin still around

“Germanic” Tribes

Guess what older version of the modern language they spoke.

No surprise, German.

No record of what they actually sounded like.

Why combine languages?

Anglo-Saxons had MONEY!

Kings/wealthy travelled, set up in England

Anglo-Saxon became the language of the elite

Locals learned it to seem “cool”

Families created common ancestors with A-S

How it all adds up:

Old Gaelic

Romano/Britton

+ Anglo-Saxon

Old English

Guess the name of this

font!

Yep: Old English

Caedmon’s Hymn Now (we) should praise   of the kingdom of

heaven  the Warden, Of the Creator the might,  and his mind-thought

(purpose), the work of the Gloryfather,  just as he of wonders, eternal Lord, created the beginning (of each). He first created  for the children of earth heaven as a roof,  holy Shaper; then Middle Earth  mankind's Warden, eternal Lord,   after created for men the earth,  Ruler almighty.

The Gloryfather?

The Christian Lord?

Celtic Gods?

Roman Gods?

Norse Gods?

Christian Missionaries Traveled all over Europe converting

people for centuries

Favorite book? Copy, Paste, Repeat Monks = only writers

Local stories eventually got written down

Beowulf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13cES7MMd8

From the GET GO

Language of praise and

wonder

Welcome!

The story so far…

????? – 43AD – Celtic/British 43AD – ~400AD – Romano-British ~400AD – 1066 – Anglo-Saxon 1066…

THE NORMAN INVASION!!!!

How it all started…

Vikings going cray-

cray on Europe

France invites a Viking clan to settle the

northern beaches to protect the mainland.

“Nortmanni” or

“Northmen” bacame

“Normandy”

>> ~100 years

William the Conqueror – Unites Normandy and sails to England for battle!

The Norman Invasion

Anglo-Saxons: slow, peaceful acculturation

Normans: Killing and replacing

1066

In the year of our Lord (Anno Domini, AD) or the Common Era (CE)

The Norman Invasion

Their language

Norman-French Mixture of Viking Norweigen/Swedish and local French

http://www.thehistoryofenglish.com/history_middle.html

Again, they were high-status William the Conqueror

took all the land and gave it his rich buddies.

Therefore, landowners, business owners, and the nobility all spoke Norman-French.

If you were still speaking the Old English?

Had to learn new language of business.

Old English and Norman-French

pig/ pork,  chicken/ poultry,  calf/ veal,  cow/ beef,  wood/ forest, 

sheep/ mutton, house/ mansion,  worthy/ valuable,  bold/ courageous,  freedom/ liberty.[6]

Norman Influence on High-Society Nobility: crown, castle, prince, count, duke, baron,

noble, sovereign, heraldry Government: parliament, government, governor, city Law: court, judge, justice, accuse, arrest, sentence,

appeal, condemn, plaintiff, bailiff, jury, felony, verdict, traitor, contract, damage, prison

War: army, armour, archer, battle, soldier, guard, courage, peace, enemy, destroy

Wealth: mansion, money, gown, boot, beauty, mirror, jewel, appetite, banquet, herb, spice, sauce, roast

Art: art, colour, language, literature, poet, chapter

Their Language in England English < Norman French = Modern French fashion < faichon = façon 

cabbage < caboche = chou (cf. caboche) candle < ca(u)ndelle = chandelle, bougie castle < castel (now catè) = château, castelet cauldron < caudron = chaudron causeway < caucie (now cauchie) = chaussée catch < cachier (now cachi) = chasser cater < acater = acheter cattle < *capte(l) = cheptel cherry (ies) < cherise (chrise, chise ) = cerise fork < fouorque = fourche garden < gardin = jardin mug < mogue/moque = mug, boc plank < pllanque = planche pocket < pouquette = poche poor < paur = pauvre wait < waitier (old Norman) = gaitier (mod. guetter ) war < werre (old Norman) = guerre wicket < viquet = guichet (cf. piquet) 

How it all adds up:

Old Gaelic

Romano/Britton

Anglo-Saxon

+ Norman-French

Middle English

Some Old Translations…

Some Old Translations…

Middle English Most notable example: Geoffery Chaucer’s

Canterbury Tales. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=QE0MtENfOMU

The History of English in Ten Minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=SfKhlJIAhew

When we return, please title a new heading “Shakespeare’s Influence on the English Language”

Break Time!!

One man! More influence than

anyone else Greatest writer in

English Greatest playwright in

the world Influence countless

other artists and authors

Before Bill Shaxbear

Think about the language

Different everywhere

No fixed set of rules

Chaotic!

The Enlightenment Out of the brutal, violent “Dark Ages”

New ideas of philosophy, religion, art, and science… but no proper vocabulary

So if no word exists to represent what you feel, make one up or steal one!

30,000 new/borrowed words added from 1500-1650

Vocabulary

Warren King "In all of his work – the plays, the sonnets and the narrative poems – Shakespeare uses 17,677 words: Of those,

1,700 were first used by Shakespeare.” Oxford English Dictionary records over 2,000

Resources

http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/resources/shakespeare-words/

http://www.nosweatshakespeare.com/resources/shakespeare-phrases/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMkuUADWW2A

Welcome!

Please have out your notes on English Philology and title a new heading “The Printing Press”

Sorry China!

Europe Wins!

Johannes Gutenberg

Originally a craftsman, mixed a new, durable metal

Invented oil-based ink

Printing and Language Chaos of different dialects

Big presses located in London (Caxton), so that was the version of Middle English published

Local dialects influenced by London dialect

Now shared versions of texts (Standardization and Unification)

Mistakes?

The First Dictionary

Dictionary of the English Language, Dr. Samuel Johnson, 1755

The Most Popular Book…

… King James?

King James

The Original King James Stuffy, Old, White

Dude

Commissioned third translation of BibleLatin > English

Puritans dissatisfied with first two

Literary Influence of the Bible HUGE!!!

Fall of Lucifer Adam and Eve Cain and Abel Abraham and Isaac Job

Ever Since…

Industrial Revolution

Imperialism

Digital Evolution

Report procedure

1. give handout/expectations

2. two days for first draft

3. one day for peer editing/conferencing

Grammatical Labeling Please label your first draft with the following

grammatical elements

Parts of speech (4) each nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns

Parts of a sentence Parallel Structure List of items

Colon, Commas Homophones (4) Apostrophes

Welcome!

Please write in your notes the definition of a paragraph and the specific components that go into making a good one.

Paragraph – a distinct selection of sentences, usually exploring a single idea

What a paragraph needs… Indenting – starting the first line 1/2 inch

from the margin – hit tab 5-7 sentences

Transition sentenceTopic Sentence/Hook – describes what

you’ll be explainingExamples to back up the first sentence

(support) – DetailsConclusion – wraps up specific ideaTransition – to the next idea

Reflection on your drafts

Introduction Paragraphs What makes a good one?

1. Hook to get the reader interested1. What are the roots of the English language? Why does English

have so many words from other languages? English evolved from many languages. “Interesting Quote.” The English language has impacted the world by borrowing or stealing words.

2. Background information1. Languages are always changing. When wars happen, people

move around and their language goes with them.

3. Big Ideas/Main points

4. Thesis statement1. English is made of so many languages

2. The mixture of these influences have created the English Language

Conclusion paragraphs

Wraps up entire essay in 3+ sentences No new details

1. Restate your thesis in different words

2. A summary of what you discussed

3. Inviting further thought1. The future of the language?

2. Hypothesize about other language evolutions?

Drafting, Peer Editing, Conferences

Think about paragraph construction

(4 Each) Parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns/antecedents, prepositions, conjunctions)

(4)Parts of a sentence (subject, predicate, prepositional phrases)

(1)Parallel structure(1)Lists of items with or without a colon(2)Knowledge of homophones(2)Proper use of apostrophes (contractions are

OK here, possession)

FINAL DRAFT

Due on Tuesday