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9-1 ©2006 Prentice Hall Chapter 9 Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures, 1/e Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland

Entrepreneurship Skills

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Page 1: Entrepreneurship Skills

9-1©2006 Prentice Hall

Chapter 9

Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching

New Ventures, 1/e

Bruce R. Barringer

R. Duane Ireland

Page 2: Entrepreneurship Skills

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Chapter Objectives(1 of 2)

1. Explain the purpose of a business plan.2. Discuss how a business plan can be a dual-use

document.3. Explain how the process of writing a business plan

can be as important as the plan itself.4. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of using

software packages to assist in the preparation of a business plan.

5. Explain the difference between a summary business plan, a full business plan, and an operational business plan.

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Chapter Objectives(2 of 2)

6. Explain why the executive summary may be the most important section of a business plan.

7. Describe a milestone and how milestones are used in business plans.

8. Explain the purpose of a “sources and uses of funds” statement.

9. Describe a liquidity event.

10. Detail the parts of an oral presentation of a business plan.

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What is a Business Plan?

• Business Plan– A business plan is a written narrative, typically 25 to 35

pages long, that describes what a new business plans to accomplish.

• Dual-Use Document– For most new ventures, the business plan is a dual-purpose

document used both inside and outside the firm.• Inside the firm, the plan helps the company develop a “road map”

to follow in executing its strategies and plans.• Outside the firm, it introduces potential investors and other

stakeholders with the business opportunity the firm is pursuing and how it plans to pursue it.

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Why Read the Business Plan—and What Are They Looking For?

There are two primary audience for a firm’s business plan.

Audience What They are Looking For

A Firm’s Employees

Investors and other external stakeholders

A clearly written business plan, which articulates the vision and future plans of the firm, helps the employees of a firm operate in sync and move forward in a consistent

and purposeful manner.

A firm’s business plan must make the case that the firm is a good use of an investor’s funds or the attention of other

external stakeholders. The key is to include facts generated through a properly conducted feasibility analysis. A

business plan rings hollow if it is based strictly on what an entrepreneur or team of founders “thinks” will happen.

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Guidelines for Writing a Business Plan(1 of 3)

• Structure of the Business Plan– To make the best impression, a business plan should follow

a conventional structure, such as the outline for the business plan shown in the chapter.

– Although some entrepreneurs want to demonstrate creativity in everything they do, departing from the basic structure of the conventional business plan format is usually a mistake.

– Typically, investors are very busy people and want a plan where they can easily find critical information.

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Guidelines for Writing a Business Plan(2 of 3)

• Structure of the Business Plan (continued)– Software Packages

• There are many software packages available that employ an interactive, menu-driven approach to assist in the writing of a business plan.

• Some of these programs are very helpful. However, entrepreneurs should avoid a boilerplate plan that looks as though it came from a “canned” source.

– Sense of Excitement• Along with facts and figures, a business plan needs to project a

sense of anticipation and excitement about the possibilities that surround a new venture.

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Guidelines for Writing a Business Plan(3 of 3)

• Content of the Business Plan– The business plan should give clear and concise

information on all the important aspects of the proposed venture.

– It must be long enough to provide sufficient information yet short enough to maintain reader interest.

– For most plans, 25 to 35 pages is sufficient.

• Types of Business Plans– There are three types of business plans, which are shown

on the next slide.

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Outline of Business Plan(1 of 1)

• Outline of Business Plan– A suggested outline of a business plan is shown on the next

several slides.

– Most business plans do not include all the elements introduced in the sample plan; we include them here for the purpose of completeness.

– Each entrepreneur must decide which elements to include in his or her plan.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(1 of 10)

• Cover Page and Table of Contents– The cover page should include the name of the company,

its address, its phone number, the data, and contact information for the lead entrepreneur.

• The Executive Summary– The executive summary is a short overview of the entire

business plan; it provides a busy reader with everything that needs to be known about the new venture’s distinctive nature.

• In many instances, an investor will first ask for a copy of the executive summary and will request a copy of the full business plan only if the executive summary is sufficiently convincing.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(2 of 10)

• The Business– The most effective way to introduce the business is to

describe the opportunity the entrepreneur has identified– that is, the problem to solve or the need to be filled–and then describe how the business plans to address the issue.

– The description of the opportunity should be followed by a brief history of the company, along with the company’s mission statement and objectives.

– An explanation of the company’s competitive advantage and a brief description of the business model follow.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(3 of 10)

• Management Team– As mentioned earlier, one of the most important things

investors want to see when reviewing the viability of new ventures is the strength of its management team.

– If the team doesn’t “pass muster,” most investors won’t read further.

– The material in this section should include a brief summary of the qualifications of each member of the management team, including his or her relevant employment and professional experiences, significant accomplishments, and educational background.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(4 of 10)

• Company Structure, Ownership, and Intellectual Property– This section should begin by describing the structure of the new

venture, including the reporting relationships among the top management team members.

– The next part of the section should explain how the firm is legally structured.

– The third part of this section should discuss the intellectual property the firm owns, including patents, trademarks, and copyrights.

• This is a very important issue. Intellectual property forms the foundation for the valuation and competitive advantage of many entrepreneurial companies.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(5 of 10)

• Industry Analysis– This section should begin by discussing the major trends in

the industry in which the firm intends to compete along with important characteristics of the industry, such as its size, attractiveness, and profit potential.

– This section should also discuss how the firm will diminish or sidestep the forces that suppress its industry’s profitability.

– The firm’s target market should be discussed next, along with an analysis of how it will compete in that market.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(6 of 10)

• Marketing Plan– This marketing plan should immediately follow the

industry analysis and should provide details about the new firm’s products or services.

– After reading this section of the plan, an investor should be confident that the firm’s overall approach to its target market and its product strategy, pricing strategy, channels of distribution, and promotional strategy are in sync with one another and make sense.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(7 of 10)

• Operations Plan– This section of the plan deals with the day-to-day

operations of the company.

– An overview of the manufacturing plan (or service delivery plan) should be followed by a description of the network of suppliers, business partners, and service providers that will be necessary to build the product or produce the service the firm will sell.

– Any risks or regulations pertaining to the operations of the firm should be disclosed, such as nonroutine regulations regarding waste disposal and worker safety.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(8 of 10)

• Financial Plan– The financial section of the plan must demonstrate the

financial viability of the business. A careful reader of the plan will scrutinize this section.

– The financial plan should begin with an explanation of the funding that will be needed by the business during the next three to five years along with an explanation of how the funds will be used.

• This information is called a sources and uses of funds statement.

– The next portion of this section includes financial projections, which are intended to further demonstrate the financial viability of the business.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(9 of 10)

• Financial Plan (continued)– The financial projections should include three to five years

of pro forma income statements, balance sheets, and statements of cash flows, as described in Chapter 7.

– It is important to remember that the business plan should be based on realistic projections.

• If it is not and the company gets funding or financing, there will most certainly be a day of reckoning. Investors and bankers hold entrepreneurs accountable for the numbers in their projections.

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Exploring Each Section of the Plan(10 of 10)

• Critical Risk Factors– Although a variety of potential critical risks may exist, a

business should tailor this section to depict its truly critical risks.

• Appendix– Any material that does not easily fit into the body of a

business plan should appear in an appendix. Examples of materials that might appear in the Appendix include:

• Resumes of the top management team members, photos or diagrams of product or product prototypes, certain financial data, and market research projections.

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Presenting the Business Plan to Investors(1 of 3)

• Making a Presentation to Investors– If the business plan successfully elicits the interest of

potential investors, the next step is to meet with the investor and present the plan in person.

– The first meeting with an investor is generally very short, about one hour. The investor will typically ask the firm to make a 20- to 30- minute presentation using PowerPoint slides and use the rest of the time to respond to questions.

– If the investor is impressed and wants to learn more about the venture, the firm will be asked back for a second meeting.

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Presenting the Business Plan to Investors(2 of 3)

• Tips on Making an Oral Presentation to Investors– When asked to meet with an investor, the founders or a

new venture should prepare a set of PowerPoint slides that will fill the time slot permitted.

– The presentation should be smooth and well rehearsed. The slides should be sharp and not cluttered with material.

• The first rule in making an oral presentation is to follow instructions. If an investor tells an entrepreneur that he or she has one hour and that the hour will consist of a 30-minute presentation and a 30-minute question-and-answer period, the presentation shouldn’t last more than 30 minutes.

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Presenting the Business Plan to Investors(3 of 3)

The most important issues to cover in a PowerPoint presentation to investors

(including recommendations for the number of slides to use for each topic)