The Era of Good Feelings

1817-1823– Section 1

Mr. Krysl 8th Grade American HistoryFestus Middle School

Election of 1816

1816 James Monroe V.

Rufus King▪ Monroe wins 183-34▪ Federalist▪ Re-elected in 1820 ▪ Makes goodwill tour of

nation 1st since G.W. Wanted national

road (interstate)

Interstate

National Road Cumberland, MA

to Vandalia, Il.

Diplomacy of John Quincy Adams

Diplomacy of JQA Seminole raids

against white settlements on Florida border▪ General Jackson sent

to fix▪ Invades Florida

without permission▪ Showed that US could

take Florida Adams convinces

Spain to concede Florida

Stay out of our business!

Spain Latin America

revolting against Spain▪ U.S. recognizes

Latin independence

European Powers Prussia, Russia,

France, and Austria▪ Talk of helping Spain

recover lost colonies

Monroe Doctrine

December 2, 1823 JQA presents the Monroe

Doctrine to Congress▪ Called for the end of

European colonization of the Western Hemisphere▪ “European involvement in

New World nations considered a threat to U.S. peace & Safety” Monroe pledged that U.S.

would not interfere with European or New World Country affairs Forced Russia out of

Oregon Territory 54˚ 40˚,

Delayed Reaction to the War of 1812

Panic of 1819 British ends

Napoleonic Wars▪ British ships resumed

trade▪ American shipping

boom ended

▪ European farm production recovered▪ American farms

exports decline

Headed Towards Depression

Low on money Settlers buying land on

credit from "wildcat banks"▪ National Bank forced local

banks to foreclose on loans 6 years of depression

follow

Relief Act of 1821 Extended the payment

of loans for purchase of Western lands▪ “stay laws”

Missouri Compromise

1819 Missouri applies to the

Union as a slave state▪ 11/11▪ Southerners wanted

advantage in the Senate

Representative James Tallmadge Jr. Demanded MO outlaw

slavery to enter Union▪ How do we fix?

Barter

1820 Henry Clay gives

Main state ship as a free state▪ Missouri can now join as

a slave state▪ Slavery was also

prohibited north of the 36 ˚30 ‘

Election of 1824 JQA wins 5 candidates all

National Republicans

Election of 1828

1828 Andrew Jackson ▪ Democrat

John Quincy Adams▪ National Republicans

Jackson wins 178 - 83

Jacksonian DemocracyThe Jackson Presidency– Section 2

Mr. Krysl 8th Grade American HistoryFestus Middle School

“Age of the Common Man”

President Jackson a common man▪ Military hero▪ Orphan▪ Educated himself▪ Rich slave owner

“Old Hickory” Ruthless towards

Indians▪ Inaugurated March 4,

1829

Controversy

“Old Hickory” Played rough all of

life

“Kitchen Cabinet” Except for MVB

(Secretary of State)▪ Did not refer to

cabinet▪ Instead he met

with his old friends

Internal Improvements

The Transportation Revolution Better roads Water transport Railroads

Traveling in 1800’s Difficult▪ Mud in spring▪ Dust in summer▪ Snow in winter▪ All made travel by horseback

or carriage dangerous, uncomfortable, and slow!

National Road Continued

Began National Road in 1808 7 million dollars Gravel on a stone

foundation Built in stages▪ 1818 ▪ Cumberland, MD–

Wheeling, VA (now WVA)

▪ 1833▪ Wheeling, VA –

Columbus, Oh.

▪ 1850▪ Columbus, Ohio –

Vandalia, IL.

Canals & Steamboats

Commercial Shipping Over land = SLOW &

Expensive▪ Water much cheaper▪ Need a route from

Atlantic Seaboard to Ohio/Mississippi River valley

Problem▪ Pre 1820▪ Most water routes run N-S

or coastal▪ Canals = ANSWER

The Erie Canal

“Clinton’s Ditch” Dewitt Clinton▪ Gov. of New York▪ Wanted to connect

NY City with Great Lakes ▪ Use the Hudson River

Construction▪ 364 miles long▪ 83 locks▪ 300 bridges▪ Nearby farmers

$8/month

Manpower

Summer of 1819 Malaria broke▪ Irish Contract

workers▪ Completed October

26, 1825▪ “Seneca Chief”

Effect on America

Moving West 1830▪ 50,000 move west▪ Farms built in

Illinois & Indiana Market of produce

motivational

The Big Apple▪ New York City ▪ Becomes

commercial & financial giant

Steamboat

Invention 1807▪ Robert Fulton▪ Improved trade

torpedoes

First use of Federal Regulatory Power Steamboat Act of

1838▪ Set standards of

construction▪ Safety▪ Inspection▪ Etc.

Don’t Leave the Farmers Out Commercial

Agriculture John Deere▪ Invents steel plow in

1837▪ Cut plowing time in half▪ Larger acreage

purchased

Cyrus McCormick▪ Invents reaper in 1834▪ Wheat harvesting hard

work▪ Man/cradle scythe = 2

acres/day▪ Reaper = 12 acres/day

Jacksonian Tolerance

Indian Removal Act Jackson convinces

Congress to pass removal bill▪ George▪ Alabama▪ Mississippi▪ All wanted Native land

to sell to white settlers

Act appropriated funds for relocation (if necessary)▪ Most tribes moved under

negotiations▪ Cherokee REFUSE!

“White Man’s Weapon”

Cherokee Refused Used “white

man’s weapon”▪ Cherokee Nation v.

Georgia▪ Supreme Court (John

Marshall) “Domestic

dependant nation" Jackson ignored

ruling

Trail of Tears

1838 Jackson orders ▪ Cherokee to

Oklahoma▪ 7000 man Army escort▪ 4,000 Cherokee

died on “The Trail of Tears”

Jacksonian Democracy

2nd National Bank Most powerful in the

country▪ Bank President set

policies that controlled nations $ supply▪ Made loans to

members of Congress Gained influence

over Congress Jackson “Corrupt”

Vetoes request for a charter

Jacksonian Democracy

Charter A written grant

from the federal government

Jackson on Bank “monopoly that

favored the few at the expense of many”

Political Views

National Republicans Jackson▪ “a tyrant “

Democrats Jackson▪ “defender of the people”▪ Wins re-election

Bank goes out of buisness Jackson deposited

government funds into state banks

Panic of 1837

1837 = 2008 State banks made it

easier to borrow money▪ People took out

loans they couldn’t afford

▪ Economy boomed▪ Issued to much paper

money Rise in dollar supply

made each dollar worth less

Sound Familiar?

Inflation Increase in prices

and a decrease in value of money

Jackson orders “Specie

Circular”▪ MVB rides into office

on Jackson’s popularity

A new party?????

Whigs Martin Van Buren ▪ Faced new party in 1840

Formation▪ Daniel Webster & Henry

Clay▪ Named after British party

that opposed royal power "King Jackson"

▪ Principles▪ Congress, not President

represented the will of the people William Henry Harrison

was canidate

Election of 1840

William Henry Harrison Military Hero▪ Battle of Tippecanoe▪ 9th President

First President to die in office▪ 32 days after

inauguration▪ VP John Tyler becomes

President