ERG Assignment.pptx

8/14/2019 ERG Assignment.pptx

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COGENERATIVE SYSTEMTO IMPROVE THEPERFORMANCE IN SUGAR

INDUSTRIES

By,

Divya P S

Harish S


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What isCogeneration?


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ogeneration(also combined heat andpower, HP) is the use of a heat engine ora power station to simultaneously

generate both electricity and useful heat.


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All thermal power plants emit a certain

amount of heat during electricity generation.

This can be released into the natural

environment through cooling towers, flue gas, or

by other means.


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By contrast, CHP captures some or all of the by-

product heat for heating purposes, either very close tothe plant, or hot water for district heating with

temperatures ranging from approximately 80 to

130 C.

This is also called ombined Heat and PowerDistrict Heating or HPDH.


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By-product heat at moderate temperatures (212-

356F/100-180C) can also be used in absorptionchillers for cooling.

A plant producing electricity, heat and cold is

sometimes called trigenerationor more generallypolygenerationplant.


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Cogeneration is a thermodynamically efficient use of

fuel. In separate production of electricity, some energymust be rejected as waste heat, but in cogeneration this

thermal energy is put to good use.

Cogeneration is still common in pulp and paper mills,refineries and chemical plants.


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What is the need for o g e n e r a t i o ni n S u g a r I n d u s t r i e s ?


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Sugarcane is an Energy Crop and contains about 4500 MJ energy per ton cane in

which about 1800 MJ is lost in the boiler flue gas and about 750 MJ heat energy is

dissipated to atmosphere through the cooling tower / spray pond.

Energy spend for the production of sugar is about three times of energy in sugar.


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Agro-waste and agro industrial products have today been recognized as

modern bio-mass material which can be converted directly into useful forms

of energy.

Bio-mass has the crucial advantage of being environment friendly.


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Bagasse is a captive bio-mass.

In India, there are 478 sugar mills of varying crushing capacity ranging from a

critical period because of over-production, low sugar price, low international market,

etc., can enhance revenue by co -generation.

So Co-Generation would benefit both the nation and the industry.


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The energy requirements in a sugar mill are in the form of steam for

process heating/turbo drives and electricity for running various drives.

The sugar industry has the unique advantage of utilizing a captive fuel-

bagasse, to meet its energy requirements.


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However, depending upon various factors like fibre content in the cane,

quantity of juice, type of clarification process and evaporation effects, type of

prime movers (steam driven or electric driven) etc., some sugar mills

produce a small quantity of surplus bagasse while others are deficient by a

small quantity.


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These mills, therefore, have to depend in a very limited way on external fuels like

fuel oil, coal etc. to supplement their energy requirements.

Likewise, some sugar mills during the season can produce a little surplus power

while others would be deficient in power by a small margin and hence the dependence

on grid power is minimal.


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The major reason for the high energy consumption in the industry is the presence

of large number of old small capacity sugar mills which have not invested much over

the years in modernizing or upgrading various process equipment.

Apart from improving the end use efficiency in the plants, the other most

promising energy conservation measure for the industry is to set up high-pressure

cogeneration systems.


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Ways of og e n e r a t i o n in S u g a rI n d u s t r i e s


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Steam Engine/ S team Turb ine

based


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Gas Turb ine based


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Rec i p ro c a t i ng Eng ine Gene r a t o r b a s ed


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Convention vs. Cogeneration

In a conventional power plant, fuel is burnt in a boiler

to generate high-pressure steam which is used to drive a

turbine, which in turn drives an alternator through a

steam turbine to produce electrical power.

The exhaust steam is generally condensed to water

which goes back to the boiler.


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As the low-pressure steam has a large quantum of heat which is

lost in the process of condensing, the efficiency of conventional

power plants is only around 35%.

In a cogeneration plant, very high efficiency levels, in the range

of 75%90%, can be reached, because the low-pressure exhaust

steam coming out of the turbine is not condensed, but used for

heating purposes in factories or houses.


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References

http://eeii.org.in/index.php?option=content&task=viewtheme&sid=72&Itemid=43

http://www.tesplcogen.com/cogeneration-systems-for-sugar-industry.html

http://www.winrock.org/Clean_Energy/files/Advancing_cogeneration.pdf

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/773/1/JSIR%2067%283%29%20%282008%29%

20239-242.pdf

http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/SGS-

UKL1200599187.35/ReviewInitialComments/0EHRTI99IZO2F5EQWTHOTGXDFEKW14

http://www.princeton.edu/pei/energy/publications/texts/International-Sugar-Journal.pdf

http://www.indiansugar.com/Cogeneration.aspx

http://www.indiansugar.com/PDFS/Cogenerators.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org


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