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ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

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Page 1: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business CommunicationCommunication: Models, Principles and Problems

Page 2: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 2

We live in a world of communication: a world in which people react violently or peacefully to a statement, an action, or a concept. Pick up the newspaper, snap on the radio, or flip on the TV for proof. A world leader directs a statement of hostility to another (communication), and tanks begin to roll! A president or prime minister steps down (communication), and peace settles over a torn and battered nation. A representative speaks in the United Nations (communication), and fifteen minutes later, rioting and bloodshed take place six thousand miles away. Nations, companies, families, and individuals in today’s world constantly act and react as a result of communication.

Sigband and Bateman 1981

Page 3: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 3

AN OUTLINE OF TODAY’S LECTURE

1. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

2. HOW DOES COMMUNICATION WORK?

3. WHY DOES COMMUNICATION HAPPEN?

4. WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO

COMMUNICATION?

Page 4: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 4

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?

Can we ever agree on the true nature of communication? Here are some descriptions of human behavior. Does communication take place in all of them?

(A) _______You yawn, but no one sees it.(B) _______You yawn, and your friend later realizes that you were tired even though she didn’t pay any attention to it at the time.(C) _______You yawn, and your friend says, “Am I that boring?”(D) _______You wave at a friend, but he doesn’t see you.(E) _______Your friend later says, “I’m sorry I didn’t wave back, but I was thinking about something else and didn’t realize you had waved to me until after I turned the corner.”

Wha

t is

com

mun

icat

ion?

Page 5: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 5

(F) _______You wave to a friend, and she waves back.(G) _______You send a letter to a friend, but it gets lost in the

mail.(H) _______Your dad lectures you for having a messy room,

and although you know he is talking to you, you really aren’t paying much attention.

(I) _______You give a speech to a group that is eager to hear what you have to say.

Adapted from Littlejohn 2002: p. 8

Wha

t is

com

mun

icat

ion?

Page 6: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 6

THREE MAJOR POSITIONS

1 The sender-receiver model

2 The receiver model

3 The communication behavior model

Page 7: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 7

1 Linear model

2 Interactional model

3 Transactional model

4 Power-in-communication model

5 Cultural model

HOW DOES COMMUNICATION WORK?

Page 8: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 8

The Linear Model

Sender ReceiverReceiver Sender

How

com

mun

icat

ion

wor

ksT

he L

inea

r M

odel

Page 9: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 9

The Interactional Model

Immediate physical environment

Immediate physical environment

Feedback

Sender Encoding ReceiverChannel or medium Decoding

How

com

mun

icat

ion

wor

ksT

he I

nter

actio

nal M

odel

Page 10: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 10

The Transactional Model

Sender Receiver

Immediate physical environment

Immediate physical environment

Sender Receiver

Immediate physical environment

How

com

mun

icat

ion

wor

ksT

he T

rans

actio

nal M

odel

Page 11: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 11

Power-in-communication model

Sender Sender

ReceiverPower Relations between participants

Society / Power in Society

Sender

Receiver

Sender

Receiver

Society / Power in Society

How

com

mun

icat

ion

wor

ksP

ower

-in-c

omm

unic

atio

n M

odel

Page 12: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 12

The Cultural Model

Sender

Receiver

Sender

Receiver

Culture Culture

Sender

Receiver

Sender

Receiver

Culture

Culture

Culture

How

com

mun

icat

ion

wor

ksT

he C

ultu

ral M

odel

Page 13: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 13

1 Participants

2 Modes of communication

3 Immediate physical environment

4 Relations of power

5 Cultures

ESSENTIAL FACTORS IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

Page 14: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 14

WHY DOES COMMUNICATION HAPPEN?Purposes, Motivations and Desired Results of Communication

To influence: control,

manipulate, direct

Influence, power, control,

compliance, agreement

Need to control, influence, gain compliance, secure agreement

RESULTS

MOTIVATION

GENERAL PURPOSES

Page 15: ES2002 Business Communication Communication: Models, Principles and Problems

ES2002 Business Communication: Communication: Models, Principles and Problems 15

WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION?

1 Differences in perception and language

2 Poor listening

3 Emotional interference

4 Cultural differences

5 Physical distraction