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ESSThe European Spallation Source

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ESSThe European Spallation Source

? What ?

? Why ?

? When ?

? How ?

? Where ?

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ESS: What ?

The next generation neutron scattering facility for Europe

The most powerful neutron scattering facility in the world

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ESS: Why ?

‘What can we do with this ?’

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Why neutrons ?

Five good reasons…

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Why neutrons ? (1)

The neutron has a wavelength (Å) and an energy (meV) comparable to typical atomic

spacings and vibrational energies -

so you can study both atomic structure and dynamics (simultaneously if required)

Neutrons tell you‘where the atoms are and

what the atoms do’(Nobel Prize citation for

Brockhouse and Shull 1994)

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Why neutrons ? (2)The neutron scattering cross-section varies randomly through the periodic table and is

isotope dependent -

distinguish light and heavy atoms or atoms of similar Z

enabling the technique of isotopic substitution/contrast variation

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Why neutrons ? (3)The neutron is a weak probe -

giving a direct and quantitative link with theory and computer simulation/modelling

0 2 4 6 8 100

2

4

6

F(Q

)

Q/Å-1

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Why neutrons ? (4)The neutron is highly penetrating -

enabling studies of samples in containers and complex sample environment

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Why neutrons ? (5)The neutron has a magnetic moment but no

charge -

enabling studies of magnetic structure and dynamics

b

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Why neutrons ?

Detail

Complexity

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ESS: Why ?

Higher intensity enables ...

ESS

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ESS: Why ?

Kinetic studies

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ESS: Why ?

More samples

Smaller samples

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ESS: Why ?

Low concentrations

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ESS: Why ?

Bigger samples

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ESS: Why ?

Extreme conditionse.g. high pressure

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ESS: Why ?

Extreme conditionse.g. low T, high B

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ESS: Why ?

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

P = 60 bar

P = 35 bar

P = 15 bar

P = 6 bar

x

T/K

Parametric studies

x, y, T, P, B, E ...

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ESS: Why ?

Processing conditionse.g. shear

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ESS: Why ?

Surfaces, interfaces, thin films, membranes

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ESS: Why ?

3 good reasons (repeated) ...

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ESS: Why ?

Functional genomics

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ESS: Why ?

Life sciences need water to function

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ESS: Why ?

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ESS: Why ?

Complementarity

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ESS: Why ?

0 5 10 15 20 25-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

FN(Q

)

Q/Å-1

0 2 4 6 8-1

0

1

2

3

Q/Å-1

FX(Q

)

2 4 6 8 10

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Q/Å-1

FA

g(Q

)

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ESS: Why ?

Computers

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ESS: Why ?

and much, much more ...

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ESS: How ?

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ESS: How ?

1.334 GeV protons

5 MW average beam power

1 long pulse target station (16.6 Hz, 2 ms)

2 short pulse target stations (10 and 50 Hz, 1s)

Liquid metal targets

...

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ESS: When ?1977 - 1984 Study, design and construction of the national UK spallation source ISIS

1979 - 1985 Feasibility study for a national German Spallation Source SNQ (beam power up to 5.5 MW)

1984 British spallation source ISIS operational

1985 German SNQ project not approved

1990 Recommendation from a CEC Panel on Large Scale Facilities: ‘Carry out studies for next generation neutron sources’.

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ESS: When ?1991 - 1992 Joint initiative from Jülich and ISIS. Series of

workshops held identifying the concept of a future European spallation source

1993 Establishment of the ESS Scientific Council.Chairman: Jurgen Kjems (Riso)

1993 - 1996 Multi-national study on the 5 MW ESS. Partly financially supported by the EU (1994 - 1996).

Dec. 1996 Publication of the ESS Final Report Volume I - The European Spallation Source Volume II - The Scientific CaseVolume III - The Technical Study Identification of further high priority R&D work

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ESS: When ?Jan. 1997 Establishment of ESS R&D Council

1997 - 2001 ESS R&D Phase

May 2000 New ESS council and project organisation

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ESS: When ?

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ESS: When ?May 2000 ESS project team formed

Oct. 2000 ESS Instrumentation Group and Science Advisory Council formed

May 2001 Science/Instrumentation workshop

July 2001 Accelerator/Moderator/Target station specified

July 2002 Conclusion of multi-purpose facility study (CONCERT)

July 2003 ESS design and science case complete for presentation to governments

2004 Project approved

2010 First neutrons

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ESS: Where ?

UK (ISIS upgrade)

Germany (Julich)

France (multi-purpose facility)

Scandinavia (ESS-S)