Ethics and Moral Leadership in Project Managementmydlc.com/pmi-mn/PRES/2012D01_EthicsMoral_SRaghupathy.pdf · nature of moral virtue and evaluates human ... Normative ethics is distinct

Ethics and Moral Leadership in

Project Management

The Minnesota Chapter of PMI®The Minnesota Chapter of PMI®

January 16, 2012

Shobhna Raghupathy, MS, PMP®

Proficient Project Consulting Inc.

Agenda

What is Ethics? Why Ethics? Why now?Branches of EthicsEthics Vs MoralsOptimal Ethics Systems modelCode of Ethics ConductMember Awareness & EmpowermentEthical Dilemma & ResolutionEthical Dilemma & ResolutionFramework for Ethical Decision makingMoral LeadershipPMI Code – Implications on Ethics and

LeadershipThe Final Word

How ethical are you?

• I am always ethical.• I am mostly ethical• I am somewhat ethical• I am seldom ethical• I am never ethical

What is Ethics?

• Evolved from Greek word ‘Ethos’ denoting personal character.

• ‘ta Ethika’ – philosophical enquiries into the nature of Good and Evil.

• Ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores the • Ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions.

• What does Ethics mean to you ?1. A set of principles of right conduct. 2. A theory or a system of moral values

(American Heritage Dictionary)

@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.

Ethics Definitions……

• Oxford English Dictionary: [plural] moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity.

[singular] the branch of knowledge that deals with moral principlesprinciples

• Merriam-Webster DictionaryAn Ethic is “the principles of conduct governing an individual

or a group”

Why Ethics ? Why now?

• Corporate failures – Enron, Martha Stewart• Social media• Ethics is not Physics• Accidental Ethicist

Ethics 101

• Ethics is ethics !• Ethical lapses are everywhere – when people make unethical

choices– What’s most convenient– What’s most convenient– What do to Win– Rationalize our choices – justify anything

Branches of Ethics• Meta Ethics– Understand the nature of ethical properties

• Normative Ethics– Philosophical investigation

• Applied Ethics– Application of ethical principles during

conflicts/dilemmas

• Descriptive Ethics– Study of people’s beliefs

Over the years, ethics has developed several schools of thought. In other words, philosophers and others have developed different ethical theories, different ways of thinking about ‘doing the right thing.’ meta-ethics is the branch of ethics that seeks to understand the nature of ethical properties, statements, attitudes, and judgments Normative ethics is the branch of philosophical ethics that investigates the set of questions that arise when we think about the question “how ought one act, morally speaking?” Normative ethics is distinct from meta-ethics because it examines standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions, while meta-ethics studies the meaning of moral language and the metaphysics of moral facts. It is thus a term used to describe attempts to use philosophical methods to identify the morally correct course of action in various fields of human life. Bioethics, for example, is concerned with identifying the correct approach to matters such as euthanasia, or the allocation of scarce health resources, or the use of human embryos in research. Environmental ethics is concerned with questions such as the duties of humans towards landscapes or species Descriptive ethics, also known as comparative ethics, is the study of people's beliefs about morality. It contrasts with prescriptive or normative ethics, which is the study of ethical theories that prescribe how people ought to act

Ethics Vs Morals

• Ethics– Help guide and educate moral instincts– Steer away from uncompromising situations– Improve our moral vocabulary – talk and listen better– Improve our moral vocabulary – talk and listen better

• The Mediating Role of EthicsEthics

Morality Law

Ethical Drivers

• Culture• Personal values and Societal Values• Organization / Corporate Values• Generational Ethics


Generational Ethics

• Veterans 1928-1945 59M• Boomers 1946-1964 76M• Gen X 1965-1979 46M ~ 50M• Gen Y 1980-2000 78M ~ 88M

Veterans Boomers Gen X Gen YVeterans Boomers Gen X Gen YWORK ETHIC Dedicated Driven Balanced Ambitious

Ethics Training must have the following elements:• Acknowledgment of different generational viewpoints. • Define Ethics.• Provide ongoing messaging that communicates expectations


Ethics & Education

Ethics Curricula

- Responsibilities in Research- Limits of Character Screening


\

Optimal Ethics Systems Model

• Hire ethical people• Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct• Employee awareness & empowerment• Ethical reporting &resolution• Ethical reporting &resolution• Ethical decision making framework• Ethical leadership

Code of Ethics / Conduct

• Guideline Vs Implementation• Code of conduct expand moral principles outlined in

the code of ethics• Starbucks• Starbucks– Codes of conduct for supplier


PMI Code – Implications on Ethics and Leadership

• Profession-wide understanding of appropriate behavior.

• Help become a better practitioner• Guide in making wise decisions• Guide in making wise decisions

RespectResponsibility Mandatory Standards Honesty

Aspirational Standards

Fairness


PMI Code – The Four values• Responsibility is our duty to take ownership for decisions we

make or fail to make, the actions we take or fail to take, and the consequences that result.

• Respect is our duty to show a high regard for ourselves, others, and the resources entrusted to us. Resources entrusted to us may include people, money, reputation, the safety of others, and natural or environmental resources.and natural or environmental resources.

• Fairness is our duty to make decisions and act impartially and objectively. Our conduct must be free from competing self interest, prejudice, and favoritism.

• Honesty is our duty to understand the truth and act in a truthful manner both in our communications and in our conduct.

@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project

Consulting Inc.

Member Awareness & Empowerment

• Ethics in Project management Community of Practice– Launched on October 2nd, 2010– Exclusive member benefit– Exclusive member benefit– PDU opportunities via Discussions, Webinars– Seeking volunteers for 2012


Finding PMI Ethics Information

1. http://ethics.vc.pmi.org/Public/Home.aspx2. PMI website www.pmi.org


Membership History and Growth

@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project

Consulting Inc.

Global Distribution Pattern

Asia Pacific

EMEA409 | 15.8%

North Am1400 | 51.6%

Asia Pacific537 | 19.8%

Lat Am120 | 4.4%

Total Countries93

CoP Discussions

• Business Vs Ethics• Management promises to Client with PM knowledge• PM to re-negotiate Fixed-Price contract• Senior Management directive on project team• Senior Management directive on project teamselection.• Who pays for design error? Client or …• Christmas gifts & cultural differences

•Book Club of the quarter.

Ethical Dilemma & Resolution• Dilemma = Situations or circumstances that

involve choosing between equally powerful core values

• Three Step ProcessStep One: Analyze the consequencesStep One: Analyze the consequencesStep Two: Analyze the actions. Step Three: Make a decision


Ethics Resolution at PMI

PMI

Ethics EthicsReview AppealsCommittee Committee


Framework for Ethical decision making

• Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning = basis for ethical behavior


Personal values

Professional Code of Ethics

Organizational ethical standards

Ethical Practice - 5 P Model


Ethical Decision Making Framework

• PMI EDMF Team–Michael O Brochta – Project Manager–Marty Taylor – Ethics Consultant– Giusi Meloni – Team member– Peter Pfeiffer – Team member– Peter Pfeiffer – Team member– Shobhna Raghupathy – Team Member

• Framework being finalized for Stakeholder review

• PMI Board review and acceptance in October 2011.

• Launch in April 2012 @ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.

EDMF For Project Managers

• Assessment: Do you have all the facts? • Alternatives: What can you do? • Analysis: What is your best choice? • Analysis: What is your best choice? • Apply: How would others view your choice? • Action: Are you ready to decide?


Project Management Case Study 1

Project Documentation on SharePointJohn Smith is a Program Manager responsible for several projects. Due to management conflicts, he is asked to resign suddenly. An unhappy John, decides to take all the project conflicts, he is asked to resign suddenly. An unhappy John, decides to take all the project information with him and cleans the SharePoint site.

1. Is this an ethical issue?2. What actions will you take if you are an impacted

PM?


Project Management Case Study 2New-age Challenge – Generational Ethics

Jane White(a Baby Boomer) is the Project Manager leading a large initiative for the company. Her team member Bob(Gen X) leaves early on a busy Monday to attend his 4-year son’s soccer match and Tom(Gen Y) leaves for volunteering at Red Cross. Jane is very leaves for volunteering at Red Cross. Jane is very unhappy about this as she stayed at work and missed her daughter’s graduation. She decides to send an email to the entire team about professional conduct and how it is costing the project & company.

1. How does ethics play a role?2. In your opinion, what should be done to avoid such

conflicts?@ Copyright 2011 Shobhna Raghupathy, PMP. Proficient Project Consulting Inc.

Leadership !

• Authentic Leadership• Servant Leadership• Transformational Leadership• Transformational Leadership• Value-based Leadership• Moral Leadership


What is Moral leadership?

• Ethical conduct by the leaders and ability to inspire such conduct .

• A commitment to integrate ethical values into all organizational activities.into all organizational activities.

• Begins at a very fundamental level, and it relates to how we treat people one-on-one, every day

• Lead and Act by the Moral standards


Characteristics…

–Develop Personal Discipline– Take responsibility for your actions–Align your priorities and values–Align your priorities and values–Reward Moral behavior–Respect Diversity–Put your family ahead of work


Moral Leadership ToolkitEffective moral leaders adopt a toolkit for resolving dilemmas and to meet ethical challenges. – Buy time– Bend the rules and own up to deeper – Bend the rules and own up to deeper

responsibility– Use political capital with care–Moral leaders are fair and they agree by

conceding


Effective leadership is about striking a balance between hard-nosed entrepreneurial skills and corporate citizenship. Ethics and values have a pivotal role in the process. Take ownership & support critical thinking Leaders need to consider the ethical dimension when they focus on stakeholder relationships. Effective leadership is about laying the foundations for the efficient and ethical conduct of business.

Ethical Leadership Vs Moral Leadership

• Ethical Leadership – accomplish core purpose using ethical means

• Moral leadership – accomplish explicitly moral purpose by introducing a new moral value.purpose by introducing a new moral value.

• Individual - Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Mother Teresa• Institutional – Red Cross, UNICEF


Global Moral Leadership• A personal commitment to set of values that

transcend a single nation• A need for moral value that is not currently

practicedpracticed• The courage and conviction to promote the

value• The communication skills to share the value

effectively


Moral leadership - Case Study

• Johnson and Johnson – Tylenol Recall

• Steve Jobs & iPhone 4G• Steve Jobs & iPhone 4G


Final Word

• Ethics + Competence is a winning equation.


• Ethical behavior is not an Act but a Habit. Just as good health requires cultivating, Aristotle believes that right action is a result of developing good moral habits in a business context , this means training at the deepest level sometimes called the ‘Corporate the deepest level sometimes called the ‘Corporate Culture’.

»Jim Kelley – CEO UPS


Books & References• PMI Code of Ethics , http://www.pmi.org/en/About-Us/Ethics.aspx• Harvard Business Review on Corporate Ethics, Copyright @ 2003,Harvard Business School Publishing Company.• Business Ethics – facing up to the issues, Copyright The Economist Newspaper Ltd.• The Good, the Bad and the Difference – published by Doubleday , a division of Random House, inc,

1540Brodway, NY, NT 10036. copyright @2002• The principles of information Ethics – Rochard J serverson, copyright @1997 by M E Sharpe, inc. 80, business

park drive Armonk, NY 10504• Ethics 101 –John C Maxwell Copyright@2003• Ethical Practice in Grief Counseling. http://www.springerpub.com/samples/9780826100832_chapter.pdf• Moral Leadership – The Theory and practice of Power, Judgment and Policy – Deborah L Rhode, copyright

@2006 - John Wiley and Sons.• Human Society in Ethics and Politics, Bertrand Russell, , Routledge Classics• How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living (1995)• How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living (1995)• “Gen Y in the Workforce,” Harvard Business Review case study, February 2009 by Tamara J. Erickson • Generations at Work, Ron Zemke, Claire Raines, Bob [email protected] management

association. • Bridging the Generation Gap: How to Get Radio Babies, Boomers, Gen Xers, And Gen Yers to Work Together

And Achieve More by Linda Gravett and Robin Throckmorton (Paperback - Jan 15, 2007)• Meeting the Ethical Challenges of Leadership – Casting Light or Shadow by Craig E Johnson(paperback) • Working Ethics – Strategies for Decision making and organizational responsibility by Marvin T Brown• Moral Leadership – A Pipedream , Lawrence Wharton-

http://www.leader-values.com/Content/detail.asp?ContentDetailID=205• Teaching the Moral Leader – Sarah Jane Gilbert. November 2007 http://hbswk.hbs.edu/pdf/item/5801.pdf


Contact Information

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Documents

Ethics and Moral Leadership in Project Managementmydlc.com/pmi-mn/PRES/2012D01_EthicsMoral_SRaghupathy.pdf · nature of moral virtue and evaluates human ... Normative ethics is distinct