ETHNIC TRADITION AND SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION

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  • 7/23/2019 ETHNIC TRADITION AND SPANISH COLONIAL TRADITION

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaturehttp://www.boondocksnet.com/centennial/sctexts/esj_96b.htmlhttp://www.buenosairespe.com.ar/images/rizal.jpghttp://www.seasite.niu.edu/trans/tagalog/modules_in_Tagalog/lahing_pilipino_files/marcelo_del_pillar.jpghttp://www.seasite.niu.edu/trans/tagalog/modules_in_Tagalog/lahing_pilipino_files/marcelo_del_pillar.jpghttp://www.globalpinoy.com/ch/images/ch_heroes/gracianolopezjaena.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybayinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literaturehttp://www.boondocksnet.com/centennial/sctexts/esj_96b.htmlhttp://www.buenosairespe.com.ar/images/rizal.jpghttp://www.seasite.niu.edu/trans/tagalog/modules_in_Tagalog/lahing_pilipino_files/marcelo_del_pillar.jpghttp://www.seasite.niu.edu/trans/tagalog/modules_in_Tagalog/lahing_pilipino_files/marcelo_del_pillar.jpghttp://www.globalpinoy.com/ch/images/ch_heroes/gracianolopezjaena.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybayin