ETT 429ETT 429Spring 2007Spring 2007

Digital Photography/ScannersDigital Photography/Scanners

RefreshersRefreshers Image file types (major types only)Image file types (major types only) .gif.gif .bmp.bmp .jpg/.jpeg.jpg/.jpeg .psd.psd .tiff.tiff

File sizes File sizes 1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB)1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB) 1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte (MB) 1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte (MB) 1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte (GB)1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte (GB)

• Remember the rule of thousandsRemember the rule of thousands

Graphic File FormatsGraphic File Formats Print GraphicsPrint Graphics

TIFF -Tag Image File Format TIFF -Tag Image File Format EPS - Encapsulated PostscriptEPS - Encapsulated Postscript BMP - MS-Windows bitmap format BMP - MS-Windows bitmap format PSD - Photoshop document PSD - Photoshop document

WebWeb GIF - Graphics Interchange Format GIF - Graphics Interchange Format

• Flat color image, transparentFlat color image, transparent JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts GroupJPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group

• Photo image (continuous tone images)Photo image (continuous tone images) PNG - Portable Network Graphics (auto Gamma PNG - Portable Network Graphics (auto Gamma

adjustment)adjustment)

GIF (.gif) or JPEG (.jpg) ?GIF (.gif) or JPEG (.jpg) ? Both formats are used for the Web. Both formats are used for the Web. GIF is good for discrete images, e.g., icon, GIF is good for discrete images, e.g., icon,

logo, graphic artwork. It only support 256 logo, graphic artwork. It only support 256 colors (but will not dither on 8-bit displays)colors (but will not dither on 8-bit displays)

GIF offers transparent backgrounds.GIF offers transparent backgrounds. JPEG format support 24 bit photographic JPEG format support 24 bit photographic

images.images. Both formats support progressive mode. Both formats support progressive mode.

(JPEG – progressive vs. GIF – interlacing)(JPEG – progressive vs. GIF – interlacing)

Web safe colorWeb safe color

Windows 8bit 256 index color Macintosh 8bit 256 index color

+

Compatible

II216 Web safe color

Color Description #xxxxxx (RRGGBB) From 00 to FF

Image ResolutionImage Resolution ResolutionResolution is the measurement of the number of is the measurement of the number of

squares of color information in an inch. squares of color information in an inch.

The human eye cannot detect squares of color more The human eye cannot detect squares of color more than 300 to an inch. For best printing, images at their than 300 to an inch. For best printing, images at their final size should be at 300dpi (dots per inch = squares of final size should be at 300dpi (dots per inch = squares of color in an inch)color in an inch)

Info on Slides 5-8 Found at www.printingforless.com (2004)

Image Resolution ExampleImage Resolution Example

CrispCrisp FuzzyFuzzy

Image Resolution Example 2Image Resolution Example 2

Resolution = 72dpiResolution = 72dpi

Will not print wellWill not print well Zoom of 72dpi imageZoom of 72dpi image

This is what the whole thing This is what the whole thing

will print like. -Uglywill print like. -Ugly

UpsamplingUpsampling Upsampling – taking a low resolution Upsampling – taking a low resolution

image and saving it to a higher resolution image and saving it to a higher resolution with no changes in dimensions. with no changes in dimensions. creates blurry images, ugly blocks of color, creates blurry images, ugly blocks of color,

and high contrast in imagesand high contrast in images

PixelsPixels

Short for picture elementShort for picture element Definition – The smallest element that Definition – The smallest element that

display software can use to create imagesdisplay software can use to create images A resolution described as being 640x480 A resolution described as being 640x480

has 640 pixels across the screen and 480 has 640 pixels across the screen and 480 down the screendown the screen

The higher the number or pixels, the The higher the number or pixels, the higher the screen resolutionhigher the screen resolution

Image DimensionsImage Dimensions

All images have dimensions (height x All images have dimensions (height x width) measured in pixelswidth) measured in pixels

Dimensions can be changedDimensions can be changed

Importing ImagesImporting Images

Four main locations to import imagesFour main locations to import images Internet/programInternet/program Digital CameraDigital Camera ScannerScanner Screen CaptureScreen Capture

Internet ImagesInternet Images Right click on image for Right click on image for

information about imageinformation about image Select Select Save Picture As …Save Picture As …

to saveto save Select properties for Select properties for

image detailsimage details NameName File typeFile type Size (in bytes)Size (in bytes) DimensionsDimensions

Digital CamerasDigital Cameras

Definition - A camera without film that Definition - A camera without film that records an image as a digital objectrecords an image as a digital object

Basic camera functionsBasic camera functions Some allow for videoSome allow for video Image dimension option (640x480 or Image dimension option (640x480 or

800x600 standard picture sizes)800x600 standard picture sizes) Memory card within camera acts as Memory card within camera acts as

storage device for images/videosstorage device for images/videos

Downloading from Digital CamerasDownloading from Digital Cameras

Plug camera into USB portPlug camera into USB port Camera appears as storage deviceCamera appears as storage device Use Windows Explorer to cut and paste Use Windows Explorer to cut and paste

pictures from camera memory card to hard pictures from camera memory card to hard drivedrive

ScannersScanners

Definition - Creates digital copy of material Definition - Creates digital copy of material and makes it an image fileand makes it an image file

Basic scanner optionsBasic scanner options Scan mode (color, b&w, grayscale, photo)Scan mode (color, b&w, grayscale, photo) Image quality (measured in dpi)Image quality (measured in dpi) Image file type (typical choices are .bmp, .jpg, Image file type (typical choices are .bmp, .jpg,

or .tiff)or .tiff) Save location and file nameSave location and file name

Uses of scannersUses of scanners

Creating digital copies of Creating digital copies of ImagesImages DocumentsDocuments Art projectsArt projects Business cardsBusiness cards etc.etc.

Rule of thumb – the higher the resolution of the Rule of thumb – the higher the resolution of the image scanned, the better the print quality (but image scanned, the better the print quality (but larger the file size)larger the file size)

Screen CaptureScreen Capture

Used to copy image of current activity on Used to copy image of current activity on the monitor to the clipboardthe monitor to the clipboard

Hit the “Print Scrn” keyHit the “Print Scrn” key Open “Paint” program (under accessories Open “Paint” program (under accessories

in start menu)in start menu) Choose paste functionChoose paste function Save image (best format is .jpeg)Save image (best format is .jpeg) Use Picture manager (or other digital Use Picture manager (or other digital

imaging software) to editimaging software) to edit

Editing ImagesEditing Images Hundreds of programs available (e.g., Hundreds of programs available (e.g.,

Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Fireworks)Fireworks)

Microsoft Office Picture Manager – Free Microsoft Office Picture Manager – Free program with Office 2003program with Office 2003

Found under Microsoft Office ToolsFound under Microsoft Office Tools

Steps to edit a pictureSteps to edit a picture

Locate picture in left file structureLocate picture in left file structure When image appears in central window, When image appears in central window,

double click to select picturedouble click to select picture Click on “Edit picture” option on right panelClick on “Edit picture” option on right panel

Editing OptionsEditing Options

Auto Correct – adjusts color and Auto Correct – adjusts color and brightnessbrightness

Red eye removal – basic photo functionRed eye removal – basic photo function Rotate – to change the top part of the Rotate – to change the top part of the

imageimage

Crop – to eliminate or cut off certain Crop – to eliminate or cut off certain sections of imagesections of image

Resize – alter dimensions of imageResize – alter dimensions of image

Cropping a pictureCropping a picture

Select the image Select the image Click on crop optionClick on crop option Move crop handles (black bars around Move crop handles (black bars around

image) to adjust to the parts of the image image) to adjust to the parts of the image you wantyou want

Click OKClick OK You must save image to complete processYou must save image to complete process Use Use save assave as function to not delete original function to not delete original

Resizing a pictureResizing a picture

Select the imageSelect the image Click on resize optionClick on resize option Different resize optionsDifferent resize options

Predefined – good if you are not surePredefined – good if you are not sure Percentage – helpful for simple adjustmentsPercentage – helpful for simple adjustments Custom – for specific needsCustom – for specific needs

You must save image to complete processYou must save image to complete process Use Use save assave as function to not delete original function to not delete original