European Exploration and Colonization European Empires Theme of Social Studies: Movement/Migration

European Exploration and European Exploration and ColonizationColonization

European EmpiresEuropean Empires

Theme of Social Studies: Movement/Migration

European ExplorationEuropean ExplorationSS6H6SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various European exploration and colonization on various world regions.world regions.

b. Trace the empires of Portugal, Spain, England, b. Trace the empires of Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. and France in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

European ExplorationEuropean ExplorationSS6H6SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of The student will analyze the impact of European exploration and colonization on various European exploration and colonization on various world regions.world regions.

b. Trace b. Trace (map out) (map out) the empires the empires (territories) (territories) of of Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia, Portugal, Spain, England, and France in Asia,

Africa, and the Americas. Africa, and the Americas.

Topic: Empires of Europe SS6H b)

Portugal

Crusades:

Name: _____________ Date: ____Period: __ TOC #: ___

Time Period/Routes

Spain

Important People/Explorers

England France

Motivation

Empire Territories

Assessment Prompts

Time Period/Routes

Time Period/Routes

Time Period/Routes

Motivation Motivation Motivation

Important People/Explorer

s

Empire Territories

Empire Territories

Empire Territories

#1

#2

#3

Impact

EQEQWrite this down on the back of Write this down on the back of your TMAP: You will answer at your TMAP: You will answer at

the end. the end. ►What were What were

Europe’s colonies in Europe’s colonies in Asia, Africa, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Australia, and the Americas?Americas?

Hint: There were four Hint: There were four main ones.main ones.

Assessment PromptsAssessment Prompts

►1. What European 1. What European countries had colonies on countries had colonies on other continents?other continents?

►2. What is a colony?2. What is a colony?►3. Where were these 3. Where were these

colonies located?colonies located?

Empire BuildingEmpire Building

► After the 14After the 14thth century, century, Europe’s most Europe’s most powerful countries powerful countries competed to see who competed to see who could get the most could get the most colonies colonies (colony).(colony).

► They wanted to build They wanted to build their Empire by taking their Empire by taking over other parts of over other parts of the world the world (Imperialism). (Imperialism).

The Crusades (1096-The Crusades (1096-1272)1272)

►Military expeditions sent by the Popes Military expeditions sent by the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church to of the Roman Catholic Church to capture the Holy Land from the capture the Holy Land from the Muslim TurksMuslim Turks

►Not successful, but had a few Not successful, but had a few positive results:positive results:Western Europeans learned to: Western Europeans learned to: better mapsbetter mapsbuild better shipsbuild better shipsExposed Europeans to spices & goods Exposed Europeans to spices & goods from the Eastfrom the East

Write this down!!!!!

Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-ShareThink: Think: Think about the 3 positive results Think about the 3 positive results

from the Crusadesfrom the Crusades

Pair: Pair: With a partner, tell each other the With a partner, tell each other the three positive resultsthree positive results

Share: Share: With the group, share what With the group, share what we’ve just discussed.we’ve just discussed.

30 seconds30 seconds….….11……22……33… … Go!Go!

Trade RoutesTrade Routes►1400s—major trade routes from the 1400s—major trade routes from the

East to Europe went through 2 Italian East to Europe went through 2 Italian cities (Venice & Genoa)cities (Venice & Genoa) -Italian merchants marked up the prices on -Italian merchants marked up the prices on

the jewels, fragrances, woods and finished the jewels, fragrances, woods and finished goods & sold them throughout Europe.goods & sold them throughout Europe.

►Portugal, Spain, France, and England Portugal, Spain, France, and England resented the huge profits made by resented the huge profits made by Italians. Since they controlled the trade Italians. Since they controlled the trade routes through Mediterranean Sea they routes through Mediterranean Sea they began to look for other routes to the began to look for other routes to the India, China and Spice Islands. India, China and Spice Islands.

““Scramble for Scramble for Africa”Africa”

►Led to the Led to the ►colonization of colonization of ►most of the most of the ►continent. continent.

Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Tordesillas Tordesillas ► Portugal and Spain Portugal and Spain

claimed territories in the claimed territories in the New World before any New World before any other European powers.other European powers.

► Since both nations were Since both nations were Catholic, the Pope drew Catholic, the Pope drew a line on the map a line on the map showing which showing which territories would territories would belong to Portugal belong to Portugal and which ones and which ones belonged to Spainbelonged to Spain

Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Spain and Portugal: Treaty of Tordesillas Tordesillas

Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-ShareThink: Think: Think about the Treaty of Think about the Treaty of

Tordesillas Tordesillas

Pair: Pair: With a partner, ask who came up With a partner, ask who came up with the Treatywith the Treaty

Share: Share: With the group, share what With the group, share what we’ve just discussed.we’ve just discussed.


11stst Box: Portugal’s Empire Box: Portugal’s Empire

►Time Period/Routes: Time Period/Routes: 1515thth century: century: led the world in sea exploration and led the world in sea exploration and explored the western coast of Africaexplored the western coast of Africa

►Motivation: Motivation: find a trade route find a trade route around Africa to Asiaaround Africa to Asia Believed they could make a lot of money Believed they could make a lot of money

as traders if they could as traders if they could get Asian get Asian goods for a cheaper pricegoods for a cheaper price

Also wanted to Also wanted to spread Christianity spread Christianity along Africa’s west coastalong Africa’s west coast

Important People: Important People: Prince Prince Henry the NavigatorHenry the Navigator

►Son of the Portuguese kingSon of the Portuguese king►1st to start the colonial empires.1st to start the colonial empires.►created a naval observatory that taught created a naval observatory that taught

students navigation, astronomy, & students navigation, astronomy, & cartography cartography

►Sent more than 50 expeditions down the Sent more than 50 expeditions down the west coast of Africa and a route to India west coast of Africa and a route to India and China but never visited them. and China but never visited them. -Wanted to -Wanted to establish Portuguese establish Portuguese

colonies & break the Muslim hold on colonies & break the Muslim hold on trade routestrade routes

Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator

Institute of SagresInstitute of Sagres


►Unable to make money trading gold, Unable to make money trading gold, so he tried creating sugar cane so he tried creating sugar cane plantationsplantations --Sugar cane was a very profitable crop, --Sugar cane was a very profitable crop,

but required lots of laborbut required lots of labor

►Henry imported slaves from Henry imported slaves from Africa to work the fieldsAfrica to work the fields --This was successful & was later copied --This was successful & was later copied

in the New Worldin the New World ----Encouraged a slave trade that Encouraged a slave trade that

lasted another 400 yearslasted another 400 years……

Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-ShareThink: Think: Think about the contributions of Think about the contributions of


Pair: Pair: With a partner, where did Prince With a partner, where did Prince Henry ships sail from?Henry ships sail from?

Share: Share: With the group, share what With the group, share what we’ve just discussed about Prince Henry.we’ve just discussed about Prince Henry.


Portugal’s EmpirePortugal’s Empire►ExplorersExplorers: Bartolomeu Dias (one of : Bartolomeu Dias (one of

Prince Henry Sailors) reached the Prince Henry Sailors) reached the southern tip of Africa called The Cape of southern tip of Africa called The Cape of Good Hope and The Indian Ocean. Good Hope and The Indian Ocean.

►Explorers:Explorers: Vasco da Gama, another Vasco da Gama, another explorer, later sailed around the cape and explorer, later sailed around the cape and continued to India. continued to India.

Portugal’s EmpirePortugal’s Empire►For decades, Portuguese sailors For decades, Portuguese sailors

continued to explore East Asia where continued to explore East Asia where they established forts & trading poststhey established forts & trading posts By 1571, a string of outposts connected By 1571, a string of outposts connected

Portugal to Africa, India, South Pacific Portugal to Africa, India, South Pacific Islands, & JapanIslands, & Japan

►Portugal grew wealthy from these trade Portugal grew wealthy from these trade routes, but…routes, but…

► Its Its most profitable colony was Brazil most profitable colony was Brazil in South America.in South America. Brazil was a Brazil was a Portuguese Colony until 1822.Portuguese Colony until 1822.

Territories:Territories: PortugalPortugal►The Portuguese Empire included the The Portuguese Empire included the

area known today as Brazil and much area known today as Brazil and much of the West Coast of Africa.of the West Coast of Africa.

Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-ShareThink: Think: Think about the Think about the

colonies/territories of Portugalcolonies/territories of Portugal

Pair: Pair: With a partner list the colonies of With a partner list the colonies of Portugal Portugal

Share: Share: With the group, share what With the group, share what we’ve just discussed about Portugalwe’ve just discussed about Portugal


► According to legend, beyond this point in an area known as the "Green Sea of According to legend, beyond this point in an area known as the "Green Sea of Darkness," the sun was so close to the Earth that a person’s skin would burn black, Darkness," the sun was so close to the Earth that a person’s skin would burn black, the sea boiled, ships caught on fire, and monsters hid waiting to smash the ships the sea boiled, ships caught on fire, and monsters hid waiting to smash the ships and eat the sailors. It took fourteen voyages over a period of 12 years until a ship and eat the sailors. It took fourteen voyages over a period of 12 years until a ship finally reached the equator.finally reached the equator.

Spain’s EmpireSpain’s Empire►Time Period/Routes: Time Period/Routes: 1515thth Century: Century:

Spanish explorers were searching for a Spanish explorers were searching for a trade route through or around North & trade route through or around North & South America to AsiaSouth America to Asia

►MotivationMotivation Wanted to find a Wanted to find a

quicker route to quicker route to

the gold & spices the gold & spices

in Asia.in Asia.

SpainSpain►Spain controlled most of the New World Spain controlled most of the New World

(North America and South America), and (North America and South America), and parts of Europe, Africa, and the parts of Europe, Africa, and the Philippines in AsiaPhilippines in Asia

Important Important People/Explorers: People/Explorers:

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus► 1490s—C.C.1490s—C.C., an Italian, was given , an Italian, was given ships & sailors by the Spanish ships & sailors by the Spanish monarchymonarchy --They wanted him to try to --They wanted him to try to find a find a

quick route through the Atlantic quick route through the Atlantic Ocean to AsiaOcean to Asia

► He He discovered the Bahamas, but discovered the Bahamas, but thought he was in Asia… “East thought he was in Asia… “East Indies”Indies” --Later, it was realized that --Later, it was realized that he he

“discovered” 2 new continents “discovered” 2 new continents (North and South America)(North and South America)

► Exploration of these areas Exploration of these areas brought brought great wealth to Spaingreat wealth to Spain

Territories: Territories: Spain’s EmpireSpain’s Empire►Huge empire that spanned the globeHuge empire that spanned the globe►Spanish conquistadors Spanish conquistadors conquered the conquered the

Inca and Aztec civilizations in the Inca and Aztec civilizations in the 1500’s (South America)1500’s (South America)

►More MotivationMore Motivation --Looking for gold & spices--Looking for gold & spices --Used missionaries to convert natives to --Used missionaries to convert natives to

ChristianityChristianity

►Claimed huge areas of Claimed huge areas of North & South North & South America America & ruled over them for 300 years& ruled over them for 300 years


colonies/territories of Spaincolonies/territories of Spain

Pair: Pair: With a partner list the colonies of With a partner list the colonies of SpainSpain

Share: Share: With the group, share 3 With the group, share 3 important points about Christopher important points about Christopher

ColumbusColumbus


(Britain) England’s Empire(Britain) England’s Empire►England used to be one of three England used to be one of three

countries (countries (England, Scotland, & England, Scotland, & WalesWales) shared an island.) shared an island.

►Time Period: Time Period: 1700’s1700’s, the three , the three united and became united and became Great BritainGreat Britain

►British empire was the British empire was the largest in largest in historyhistory --At its peak, Great Britain --At its peak, Great Britain controlled: controlled:

Canada, Australia, India, much of Canada, Australia, India, much of Africa, and numerous islandsAfrica, and numerous islands

Britain (England)Britain (England)► By the By the 1818thth century, the British century, the British

Empire was the most powerful in Empire was the most powerful in EuropeEurope

► Territories: Territories: had colonies in in had colonies in in North North America, Africa, the Caribbean, America, Africa, the Caribbean, India, and AustraliaIndia, and Australia

(Britain) England’s Empire(Britain) England’s Empire►North America came under British North America came under British

control in the 1700scontrol in the 1700s --Lost American colonies in 1776 and U.S --Lost American colonies in 1776 and U.S

became an independent country. became an independent country. --Maintained control over Canada until 20--Maintained control over Canada until 20thth

centurycentury

►Great Britain Great Britain colonized Australia in colonized Australia in 17881788 MotivationMotivation--Used it as a --Used it as a penalpenal (prison) (prison)

colony to relieve overcrowded jails in colony to relieve overcrowded jails in EnglandEngland


colonies/territories of Britaincolonies/territories of Britain

Pair: Pair: With a partner list the colonies of With a partner list the colonies of BritainBritain

Share: Share: With the group, discuss why With the group, discuss why Britain was the most powerful during the Britain was the most powerful during the

1818thth century. century.


France’s Empire France’s Empire

►Time Period: Time Period: French possessed French possessed colonies around the world from colonies around the world from 1600 1600 to 1900to 1900

►Motivation: Imperialism. Motivation: Imperialism. Also Also dominated much of the European dominated much of the European continentcontinent --By 1812, France --By 1812, France controlled much of controlled much of

Germany, Italy, & FranceGermany, Italy, & France

France’s EmpireFrance’s Empire►Time Period: Time Period: Established other Established other

colonies in the colonies in the 16th-1716th-17thth centuries:centuries: ----Islands in the Caribbean, the Indian Islands in the Caribbean, the Indian

Ocean, the South Pacific, the North Ocean, the South Pacific, the North Pacific, & the North AtlanticPacific, & the North Atlantic

►France also France also maintained influence in maintained influence in Canada, South America, Southeast Canada, South America, Southeast Asia, & Northwest AfricaAsia, & Northwest Africa

Territories:Territories: FranceFrance► The French Empire consisted of colonies in The French Empire consisted of colonies in

North America, Asia, and the West North America, Asia, and the West IndiesIndies

► The French lost many of these to Britain, but The French lost many of these to Britain, but it still it still controlled part of Asia, North controlled part of Asia, North America and eventually parts of West America and eventually parts of West AfricaAfrica


colonies/territories of Francecolonies/territories of France

Pair: Pair: With a partner list the colonies of With a partner list the colonies of FranceFrance

Share: Share: With the group, discuss what With the group, discuss what motivated France to colonize other motivated France to colonize other

areas. areas.


Impact:Impact: Imperialism = Imperialism = InjusticeInjustice

►Impact #1: Impact #1: European European nations showed little nations showed little respect for the indigenous respect for the indigenous (native) peoples they (native) peoples they colonized.colonized.

►Impact #2:Impact #2: Using Using military force and slave military force and slave labor, they exploited labor, they exploited (oppressed) (oppressed) conquered conquered territories while they territories while they increased their wealth increased their wealth and power.and power.

Think-Pair-ShareThink-Pair-ShareThink: Think: Think about imperialismThink about imperialism

Pair: Pair: With a partner discuss the two With a partner discuss the two impacts of imperialism impacts of imperialism

Share: Share: With the group, discuss how may With the group, discuss how may imperialism a bad or good thing. imperialism a bad or good thing.


Jigsaw InstructionsJigsaw Instructions

►On your own separate sheet of paper.On your own separate sheet of paper.►Everyone will write each question and Everyone will write each question and

answer in complete sentences. Watch answer in complete sentences. Watch spelling and punctuation!!spelling and punctuation!!

►Return back to base camp and share Return back to base camp and share your answers with your Base Camp your answers with your Base Camp partners.partners.

►20 Minutes to complete20 Minutes to complete►Whatever is not completed in class, it Whatever is not completed in class, it

is for homework!is for homework!

Jigsaw: Base CampJigsaw: Base Camp► Gold Group Gold Group

What natural resources were Europeans looking for?What natural resources were Europeans looking for? Where did Europeans have to go to get silk and spices?Where did Europeans have to go to get silk and spices? Why did Europeans want a Sea Route to Asia?Why did Europeans want a Sea Route to Asia? Why was trading through the Mediterranean so expensive?Why was trading through the Mediterranean so expensive?

► God / Glory GroupGod / Glory Group What did Europeans believe they had to spread?What did Europeans believe they had to spread? Why did European countries want colonies?Why did European countries want colonies? Why did European colonies want new markets?Why did European colonies want new markets? What is imperialism?What is imperialism?

► Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator What country was he the ruler of?What country was he the ruler of? What was he the first to do?What was he the first to do? What did he open? Where/When did he open it?What did he open? Where/When did he open it?

Documents

European Exploration and Colonization European Empires Theme of Social Studies: Movement/Migration