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European Fisheries Management
Rainer Froese
IFM-GEOMAR
European Fisheries Management
1. Crash Course in Fisheries Biology
2. Crash Course in ICES Assessment
3. The EC Common Fisheries Policy
4. The Management Process
5. Management in Action in the Baltic
6. Exercise: Present and discuss ICES Advice for selected North Sea Stocks (www.ices.dk)
Natural Mortality of Cod
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Growth in Weight of Cod
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Year Class Biomass of Cod
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Survivors
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Reproduction of Cod
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1. Maturity at 3 years
Optimum size at 8 years
Meanreproductive
phase 5 years
Fishing after Optimum Size
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Mean reproductive phase
Fishing after Maturity
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½ reproductive
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ICES AssessmentCatch and Fishing Mortality:
Fpa and Flim
ICES Asessment Stock-Recruitment Relationship
Blim and Bpa
SSB
Recruits BpaBlim
ICES AssessmentThe Precautionary Framework
The Common Fisheries Policy
• “A common policy in the sphere of agriculture and fisheries”, 1958
• First common measures in 1970 on equal access to fishing grounds outside a ‘coastal band’; subsidies for modernization of fishing vessels etc.
• 200 nm EEZ in 1976
• Common Fisheries Policy since 1983
The Common Fisheries Policy
• Ensure exploitation of living aquatic resources that provides sustainable economic, environmental and social conditions.
• Precautionary approach to: – protect and conserve living aquatic resources; – provide for their sustainable exploitation; – minimise the impact of fishing activities on marine ecosystems; – efficient fishing activities within an economically viable and
competitive fisheries and aquaculture industry;– provide a fair standard of living for those who depend on fishing; – take into account the interests of consumers.
The Management Process1. DG Fish asks ICES for scientific information
and advice.2. ICES working groups assess stocks and
recommend total allowable catch (TAC) including discards and ‘unaccounted’ catch, based on a framework aiming to prevent the collapse of stocks.
3. Several official committees (ACFA, STECF, RACs) apply pressure for higher TACs.
4. DG Fish recommends higher TACs (10-30% beyond ICES recommendation, ignoring discards and IUU catches).
5. Council of Agriculture Ministers sets TACS 10-30% beyond DG Fish recommendation.
Examples for the Baltic
Stock Size and Fishing Mortality for Eastern Baltic Cod
TACs for 2008:ICES recommendation: 0 tEC recommendation: 31,561 tCouncil of Ministers : ?? t
Stock Size of Western Baltic CodTACs for 2008:ICES recommendation : < 13,500 tEC recommendation : 17,930 t (+33%)Council of Ministers : ?? t
Eastern Baltic Herring
TACs for 2008ICES recommendation : < 195,000 tDG Fish recommendation: 148,407 tCouncil of Ministers : ?? t
Stock Size of Baltic SpratTACs for 2008:ICES recommendation : < 432,000 tDG Fish recommendation: 432,000 tCouncil of Ministers : ?? t
Landings of Plaice in the Western Baltic
TACs for 2008:ICES recommendation : None, not enough dataDG Fish recommendation : 3,201 tCouncil of Ministers : ?? t
Exercises
1. Go to www.ices.dk, Latest Advice, Ecoregion North Sea
2. Select Cod, Plaice and Haddock
3. Show current position of stocks in precautionary diagram
