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EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT LTE (BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK) SEMINAR – PART 2/2 Jonathan Buschmann Ericsson Italy Rome, April 27, 2011

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

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Page 1: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT LTE(BUT WERE AFRAID TO ASK)SEMINAR –

PART 2/2

Jonathan BuschmannEricsson ItalyRome, April 27, 2011

Page 2: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 2 (23)

Objectives of the seminar Answer these questions

› How have mobile networks evolved over the years? › What are the main performance targets for LTE/SAE? › What is the new core architecture?› How does mobility work in LTE?› How are some key services supported?› What is LTE physical layer like?› How will 3G operators evolve their network?

Page 3: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 3 (23)

› 1G FDMA (NMT, AMPS, TACS) 80’s - Voice (analog traffic, digital signaling)

› 2G TDMA (GSM, D-AMPS, PDC) and CDMA (IS-95) 90’s - Voice, SMS, CS data transfer ~ 9.6 kbit/s (50 kbit/s HSCSD)

› 2.5G TDMA (GPRS) 00’s - PS data transfer ~ 50 kbit/s

2.75G TDMA (GPRS+EDGE) 00’s - PS data ~ 150kbit/s

› 3-3.5G WCDMA (UMTS) and CDMA 2000 00’s - PS & CS data transfer ~ 14-42 Mbit/s (HSPA/HSPA+), Voice, SMS

› 3.9G OFDMA (LTE/SAE) 10’s - PS Data and Voice (VoIP) ~ 100Mbit/s

› 4G IMT Advanced

History of Mobile Communications

Page 4: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 4 (23)

• Peak Data Rate

WCDMA comparison(Release 6)

• Peak Spectral Efficiency DL ≥5 bps/Hz UL ≥

2.5 bps/Hz DL = 2.9 bps/HzUL = 1.2 bps/Hz

1.4; 3; 5; 10 ;15; 20 MHz 5 MHz (single layer)• Spectrum Flexibility

• User Plane Latency

UL ≥

50 Mbps (@ 20 MHz) UL = 5.8 Mbps (5 MHz)

DL ≥

100 Mbps (@ 20 MHz) DL = 14.4 Mbps (5 MHz)

< 10 ms (two way latency) 50 ms

• Mobility Speeds up to 350 km/h

• Coverage

Cell radius up to 30 km • Interworking

with existing 2G/3G radio access networks

LTE/SAE Main Targets

• Packet Network >60 VoIP

calls / MHz CS & PS layers

40 voice calls / MHz

Page 5: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 5 (23)

CN SAE CN (EPC)

RNC RNC

NodeB NodeB e-NodeB e-NodeB

WCDMA LTE/SAE

Moving RNC functions to e-NodeB

UE UE

A flat architecture for optimized performance and cost efficiency

SGSN

GGSN

P/S-GW

Architecture EvolutionTowards a simpler architecture

Page 6: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 6 (23)

eNB eNB

eNB

MME/S-GW MME/S-GW

S1

X2

X2

X2

SAE (System Architecture Evolution)

LTE (Long Term Evolution)

EPC (Evolved Packet Core)

E-UTRAN

EPS (Evolved Packet System)

UE

EPS Architecture

Uu

Page 7: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 7 (23)

LTE/SAE USER & CONTROL PLANES

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

RRC

UE

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

eNB

RRC

NAS NAS

CONTROL Plane

MME

Uu

SCTP

S1-AP

IP

L2

L1

SCTP

S1-AP

IP

L2

L1

SCTP

S1-AP

IP

SCTP

S1-AP

L2

IP

SCTP

S1-AP

L1

L2

IP

SCTP

S1-AP

S1-CP

S5/S8

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

IP

UE

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

eNBAPPLICATION

USER Plane

PDN GW

Uu

GTP-U

UDP/IP

L2

L1

SCTP

S1-AP

IP

L2

L1

SCTP

S1-AP

IP

SCTP

S1-AP

L2

IP

SCTP

S1-AP

L1

L2

UDP/IP

GTP-U

IP

S1-UP

Serving GW

GTP-U

UDP/IP

L2

L1

GTP-U

UDP/IP

L2

L1

Peer Entity

S1-AP

L2

L1

S1-APS1-AP

L2

S1-AP

L1

L2

IP

APPLICATION

IP PACKET

Page 8: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 8 (23)

S1-UP

Internet

eNodeB

Gi

S-GW

P-GW

S5/S8

EPC & E-UTRAN Detailed Architecture

S11MME

S1-CP

eNodeB• Radio Resource Management• Radio Physical layer • Encryption of UP & CP• Measurement ctrl & reporting• Mobility Control

Serving Gateway• Packet routing & forwarding • Mobility anchor• Collecting information for charging• Buffering U-plane packets while paging

PDN Gateway• UE IP Address Allocation• QoS Enforcement• Packet filtering (QoS)• Lawful Interception• Charging (Service)• Non-3GPP Mobilty Anchor • Not seen by terminal

Mobility Management Entity• Idle mode mobility management • EPS Bearer Management (QoS)• Security –

AAA (both data and signalling)• UE attach/detach

eNodeB

E-UTRAN

LTE

MME

S10

Evolved Packet Core

SAE

X2-UP

X2-CP

UE

Page 9: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 9 (23)

S1-UP

eNodeB

Gi

S-GW

P-GW

S5/S8S4/S11

SGSN/MME

S1-CP

eNodeB

LTE

SAE

X2-UP

X2-CP

UE

Implementation of SAE/LTEIntegration with 2G/3G

Iub

UTRAN

Node B

Iu-CP

BTS

Gb

Abis

BSC

S4-UPIu-UP

RNC

GRAN

3G

Internet

Page 10: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 10 (23)

User Equipment States

DETACHED• No UE-MME connection• UE not known by MME

REGISTERED(UE attached)

DEREGISTERED(UE not attached)

ATTACH !

CONNECTED• UE-MME connection• Data transfer possible

UE OFF

IDLE• UE-MME connection released

• No data transfer • UE stands by for paging

Signalling Connection release

Signalling Connection re-activation

TA update

DETACH !

eNodeB

MME

UE position known on Cell level in eNB

Handover

eNB

MME Tracking Area (TA)

UE ON (active)UE ON (idle)

UE ON (active)UE OFF

DETACH !

Page 11: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 11 (23)

S1

X2

Intra-LTE Handover with no MME relocation

Source e-NB

VII

Target e-NB

Gi

MME/S-GW

I

III

II

HANDOVER REQUEST I

HANDOVER REQUEST ACK II

HANDOVER COMMANDIIIVI

HANDOVER CONFIRM V

V

PACKET FORWARDING IV

PATH SWITCH REQUEST VI

PATH SWITCH ACK VII

RELEASE RESOURCE VIII

VIII

IV

Internet

P-GW

Page 12: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 12 (23)

IP/Ethernet transport

IP/Ethernet transport

Gi

S5

Gi1 2IP PoP

S-GW(2)S-GW(1)S-GW S-GW S-GWS-GW S-GW

P-GW

S10 MMEMMEMME MMEMMEMME

Internet

Handower

in LTE (Inter-pool example)

Page 13: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 13 (23)

EPS services IP Multimedia Subsystem

› IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)› IMS is an all-IP network for multimedia

services › 3GPP standard› SIP – main protocol from IETF› IMS is access independent› The only 3GPP standardized means to

support voice› 3GPP One-Voice

profile promotes IMS

SIP

Page 14: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 14 (23)

› Application: Mobile TV› Broadcast/Multicast Services ⇒Point-To-Multipoint transmission in downlink

- saves network resources› New entities

Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) in the IP network–

MBMS Gateway in the EPC Network–

MCE (Multicell Coordination Entity) in the E-UTRAN (may be integrated in the E-NB)BM-SC

Content Provider

EPS servicesMultimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

MCE

E-UTRAN

eNBeNB

MBMS Gateway

EPC

Page 15: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 15 (23)

LTE PHYSICAL LAYER Multiple Access TECHNIQUES

Frequency Division Multiple Access

Each User has a unique frequency (1 voice channel per user).

All users transmit at the same time

Each User has a unique scrambling code Many users share the same frequency and time

Code Division Multiple Access

Each User has a unique time slot

Several users share the same frequency.

Time Division Multiple Access

time

frequency

timefrequency

frequency

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Each User and has a unique Time and Frequency Resource

Many users are separated in frequency and/or time

1G (i.e.TACS) 2G (i.e. GSM) 3G (i.e. WCDMA) 4G (i.e. LTE)

FDMATDMACDMAOFDMA

Page 16: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 16 (23)

› Flexible bandwidth

› Uplink: SC-FDMA with dynamic bandwidth

Low PAPR Higher power efficiency

Reduced uplink interference

› Downlink: Adaptive OFDM–

Channel-dependent scheduling and link adaptation

› Multi-Antennas, both RBS and terminal

Interference rejection

High bit rates

Coverage

TXTX RXRX

time

frequency

time

frequency

› FDD, TDD & Half Duplex TDD

10 15 20 MHz3

fDL

fUL

FDDFDD--onlyonlyfDL

fUL

HalfHalf--duplex FDDduplex FDDfDL/UL

TDDTDD--onlyonly

∆f=15kHz

1 ms

180 kHz

1.4 5

LTE PHYSICAL LAYER MAIN ASPECTS

Page 17: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 17 (23)

Advanced Antenna Communications–

Tx & Rx Diversity

Multi-Layer Transmission (Spatial Multiplexing)

Beam-Forming

TX

TX

MIMO 2x2 ⇒ channel capacity x ~ 2

MIMO 4x4 ⇒ channel capacity x ~ 4

LTE PHYSICAL LAYER MULTI ANTENNA TECHNIQUEs

Page 18: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 18 (23)

e-NB

Example of Spatial Multiplexing

Layer 1

Layer 2

Layer 2

UE

LTE PHYSICAL LAYER MULTI ANTENNA TECHNIQUES

Page 19: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 19 (23)

› Bandwidth flexibility LTE physical-layer specification supports any bandwidth in the range 6 RBs to 100 RBs in steps of one RB

6 RB (≈1.1 MHz)

100 RB (≈20 MHz)

› Radio requirements only specified for a limited set of bandwidths

› Relatively straighforward to extend to additional bandwidths

› All UEs must support the maximum bandwidth of each supported band

LTE PHYSICAL LAYER RF Spectrum flexibility

10 15 20 MHz31.4 5

› Radio requirements only specified for a limited set of bandwidths

Page 20: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 20 (23)

Category 1 2 3 4 5

DL peak rate 10 50 100 150 300

UL peak rate 5 25 50 50 75

Max DL mod 64QAM

Max UL mod 16QAM 64QAM

Layers for spatial mux. 1 2 4

› All UEs support 4 Tx antennas at eNodeB› Soft buffer sizes under discussion› MBMS is a separate capability› FDD, HD-FDD and TDD are independent capabilities

LTE Devices

Page 21: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 21 (23)

Simple deployment & Management Automated Neighbor Relations (ANR)

Cell ANcell list;- CGI 17- CGI 22

Cell BPCI = 5CGI =19

X2

UE

OSS-RC

Page 22: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 22 (23)

Simple deployment & Management Node selection

› DNS used for node selection

› EPS uses S-NAPTR (RFC 3958) to map services and protocols (i.e. interfaces) to CNAMEs

Page 23: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 23 (23)

What frequencies for LTE?

› First deployments in Europe in 2.6 GHz band (Sweden and Norway)

› Most “appetizing” band is the Digital Dividend – 800 MHz› Re-farming of UMTS and GSM bands also will happen

Page 24: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 24 (23)

What frequencies for LTE? In italy

› Re-farming for 900 MHz already agreed:–

TI, VFE, WIND: 10 MHz

Extra 5 MHz destined to H3G

› AGCOM just announced preliminary rules and public consultation for auction for 800, 1800, 2000 and 2600

Single auction for all spectrum–

1800 spectrum liberated by DoD and GSM (25 MHz FDD)

2000 (UMTS TDD band left from IPSE)–

2600 (70 MHz)

800 (digital dividend)

Page 25: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 25 (23)

MetroAccess Core

RNC

Mobile Broad Band State of the Art & Evolution

Fibre/MW

CopperIub

ATM

xDSL

Microwave

WCDMAIub

ATM

PDH

RNC

MSC

CS core

PS core

SGSNGGSN

MGW

Node B

e-Node B

OFDMA/SC-FDMA up to nx100 Mbpsw MIMO (n=2, 3)

S1 /X2

IP

ETH

Node B

LTELong Term Evolution

P/S-GWSGSN/MME

SAESystem Architecture Evolution

EPCWCDMA

HSPA/HSPA+up to 14/42 Mbps

Iub

ATM

PDH

Iub

IP

ETH

IP Network

ETH

SDH

ATM

SDH

IP TRANSFORMATIONHSPA EVOLUTIONLTE/SAE Transformation

Page 26: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 26 (23)

references

› SAE and the Evolved Packet Core (Academic Press)–

Magnus Olsson, Shabnam Sultana, Stefan Rommer, Lars Frid, Catherine Mulligan

› 3G Evolution: HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband (Academic Press)

Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold, Per Beming

› 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband (Academic Press)

Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Skold

Page 27: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE of SAE/LTE. Integration with 2G/3G. Iub. UTRAN. Node B. Iu-CP. BTS. Gb. Abis. BSC. S 4 - U P. I u - U P. RNC. GRAN. 3G. Internet

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Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About LTE | Public | © Ericsson AB 2011 | 2011-03-15 | Page 28 (23)

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

CS Core Circuit Switched Core

e-Node B Evolved Node B (refers to LTE Access Network)

DNS Domain Name System

EPC Evolved Packet Core

EPS Evolved Packet System

E-UTRAN Evolved UMTS Radio Access Network

HSPA High Speed Packet Access (UMTS Broadband Technology)

IMS IP Multimedia Systems

LTE Long Term Evolution (refers to radio interface and network functionalities evolution in RAN)

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output (multiple port antenna systems both at Node B and User Equipment)

PS Core Packed Switched Core

SAE System Architecture Evolution (refers to Core network evolution)

Acronyms