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Muscle Groups of the: 1. Axilla 2. Scapular Region 3. Rotator Cuff 4. Arm 5. Forearm Flexors. Forearm Extensors Gluteal Region Thigh Leg Abdomen Back. Exercise Science PSE 4U. Pectoralis Major. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Exercise SciencePSE 4U
Muscle Groups of the:
1. Axilla
2. Scapular Region
3. Rotator Cuff
4. Arm
5. Forearm Flexors
6. Forearm Extensors
7. Gluteal Region
8. Thigh
9. Leg
10. Abdomen
11. Back
Group 1Muscles of the Axilla
Pectoralis Major Description: A large fan shaped muscle – covers upper portion of chest, forms anterior of axillary fold
Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and ribs 1-7
Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm
Group 1Muscles of the Axilla
Pectoralis Minor Description: A flat thin muscle directly beneath and obscured by the pectoralis major. Forms anterior wall of Axilla
Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Action: Depresses the scapula and elevates ribs 3-5
Group 1Muscles of the Axilla
Serratus Anterior Description: Forms medial wall of axilla. Serrated or sawtooth appearance. Lies deep to scapula and beneath & inferior to pectoral muscles on lateral rib C1
Origin: Outer surface of ribs1-9Insertion: Entire length of
vertebral border of the scapula
Action: Stabilizes, abducts and rotate the scapula upward
Group 1Muscles of the Axilla
Subscapularis Description: Forms part of posterior wall of axilla; a “rotator cuff” muscle
Origin: Subscapular fossaInsertion: Lesser tubercle
of the humerusAction: Extends and
medially rotates the arm, stabilizes shoulder joint.
Group 1Muscles of the Axilla
Teres Major Description: A thick rounded muscle found inferior to the teres minor. Helps form posterior wall of axilla
Origin: Axillary border of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: Adducts, extends and medially rotates the arm
Group 1Muscles of the Axilla
Latissimus Dorsi Description: A broad flat, triangular muscle of the lower back (lumbar region). Forms part of posterior wall of axilla
Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12 and L1-L5, the sacrum, iliac crest, and ribs 10-12
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm; pulls shoulder inferiorly
Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region
Trapezius Description: A flat triangular muscle, upper fibers run downward to scapula, middle fibers run horizontally to scapula, lower fibers run superiorly to scapula
Origin: Occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and the spine of the scapula
Action: Abducts and extends head, rotates and adducts scapula
Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region
Levator Scapulae Description: Thick strap like muscle located at back & side of the neck, deep to trapezius;
Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Superior angle of scapula
Action: Elevates scapula, and rotates and abducts neck
Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region
Rhomboid Major Description: A rectangular shaped muscle lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae. Inferior to rhomboideus minor.
Origin: Spinous processes of T1-T4
Insertion: Inferior, vertebral border of the scapula
Action: Adducts, stabilizes and rotates the scapula
Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region
Rhomboid Minor Description: A rectangular shaped muscle lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae
Origin: Spinous processes of C6-C7
Insertion: Superior, vertebral border of the scapula
Action: Adducts, stabilizes and rotates the scapula
Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region
Deltoid Description: Responsible for roundness of shoulder
Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula.
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Action: Abducts, flexes, extends medially, and laterally rotates the arm
Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
Consists of 4 musclesa) Supraspinatusb) Infraspinatusc) Teres Minord) Subscapularis (mnemonic S.I.T.S.
- they sit on the shoulder)
*If any of the rotator cuff muscles is damaged due to strain or badmechanics, the consequences are serious for arm/shoulder actions
Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
Supraspinatus Description: Named for its location on posterior aspect of scapula
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus by a common tendon with Infraspinatus and Teres Minor
Action: Abducts arm and stabilizes the shoulder
Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
Infraspinatus Description: Partially covered by deltoid & trapezius
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus by common tendon with Supraspinatus & Teres Minor.
Action: Extends, laterally rotates arm and stabilizes the shoulder
Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
Teres Minor Description: Small, elongated muscle that lies inferior to infraspinatus
Origin: Axillary border of the scapula.
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus by common tendon with supraspinatus & infraspinatus
Action: Same action as infraspinatus muscle
(Extends, laterally rotates arm and stabilizes the shoulder)
Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff Subscapularis Description: A large
triangular muscle, and the only muscle in the group located on the anterior surface of the scapula
Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: Medially rotates humerus and stabilizes the shoulder.
Group 4Muscles of the Arm
Triceps Brachii Description: Large fleshy muscle and the only muscle of posterior compartment of the arm
Origin: Long head= Infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula
Lateral and medial heads= posterior surface of humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
Action: Extends the forearm and arm, and adducts the arm
Group 4Muscles of the Arm
Coracobrachialis Description: A small cylindrical muscle.
Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula
Insertion: Medial shaft
of the humerus
Action: Flexion & adduction of the humerus
Group 4Muscles of the Arm
Brachialis Description: Strong muscle that is immediately deep to the biceps brachii
Origin: Anterior, distal humerus
Insertion: Coronoid Process of the ulna
Action: Flexion of the forearm
Group 4Muscles of the Arm
Anconeus Description: A short triangular muscle closely associated with distal end of triceps
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna
Action: Extends the forearm
Group 5Forearm Flexors
Pronator Teres Description: A two headed muscle
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna
Insertion: Middle shaft of the radius
Action: Pronates and weakly flexes the forearm
Group 5Forearm Flexors
Flexor Carpi Radialis Description: Runs diagonally across the forearm; midway, its fleshy belly is replaced by a flat tendon that becomes cordlike at wrist
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: 2nd and third meta carpals
Action: Flexes & abducts the hand; aids in flexion and pronation of forearm. Powerful flexor of wrist
Group 5Forearm Flexors
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Description: Most medial muscle of this group; two headed
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon process; posterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Pisiform, hamate & 5th metacarpal
Action: Flexes & adducts the hand; powerful flexor of wrist
Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Gluteus Maximus Description: Largest and strongest, most superficial of gluteal muscles; forms bulk of buttock mass; fibers are thick & coarse.
Origin: Lateral surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia by lateral fascia and gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Action: Extends, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Gluteus Medius Description: Thick muscle largely covered by gluteus maximus and sits on top of gluteus minimus
Origin: Outer ilium, between the posterior & the anterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Action: Abducts & medially (internal) rotates the thigh
Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Gluteus Minimus Description: Smallest and deepest of the gluteus muscles
Origin: Outer (external) ilium, between the anterior and the inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Action: Abducts and medially (internally) rotates the thigh; same action as the gluteus medius
Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Sartorius Description: A superficial anterior muscle of the thigh. It derives its name from the latin word sartor meaning “to mend”.
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia
Action: The sartorius acts across two joints: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee
Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Quadratus Femoris: Description: Short thick muscle; most inferior of lateral rotator muscles, extends laterally from pelvis
Origin: Ischial TuberosityInsertion: Shaft of the femur
just below the greater trochanter
Action: Laterally rotates the thigh and stabilizes hip joint
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh Anterior Compartment
SartoriusDescription: A superficial
anterior muscle of the thigh. It derives its name from the latin word sartor meaning “to mend”.
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia
Action: The sartorius acts across two joints: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh Anterior Compartment
IIiopsoasDescription: A composite of
two closely related muscles: iIiacus and psoas major
Origin: Psoas major – the transverse processes and bodies of T12 and L1-L5
IIiacus – iliac fossa and sacrum
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Action: Flex the thigh; flex the trunk on the femur
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Rectus Femoris Description: Superficial, straight muscle of the anterior thigh; longest head and only muscle of the group to cross the hip joint
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament
Action: Extends the leg (knee) and flexes the thigh
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Vastus Lateralis Description: Forms lateral aspect of thigh
Origin: Greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament
Action: Extend the leg (knee)
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Vastus Medialis Description: Forms inferomedial aspect of thigh
Origin: Medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament
Action: Extends the leg (knee)
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Vastus Intermedius Description: Lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh
Origin: Anterior, lateral shaft of the femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament
Action: Extend the leg (knee)
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Pectineus Description: Short flat muscle; overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh
Origin: Superior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: Posterior femur just below the lesser trochanter
Action: Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Adductor Longus Description: Most anterior of adductor muscles
Origin: Crest and the symphysis of the pubis
Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur
Action: Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Adductor Brevis Description: Largely concealed by adductor longus and pectineus
Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis
Insertion: Upper part of the linea aspera of the femur
Action: Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh (femur)
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Adductor Magnus Description: A triangular muscle with a broad insertion; a composite muscle that is part adductor and part hamstring in action
Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis and the ischium
Insertion: Most of the length of the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle of the femur
Action: Adducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates the thigh
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Gracilis Description: Long, thin, superficial muscle of the medial thigh
Origin: Symphysis pubis and the pubic arch
Insertion: Proximal portion medial tibia just below the condyle
Action: Adducts the thigh and flexes the leg
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Biceps FemorisL.H. S.H.
Description: Most lateral muscle of the group; arises from two heads
Origin: Long head-ischial tuberosity
Short head-distal linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula, and the lateral condyle of the tibia
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the leg (knee), long head extends thigh
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Semitendinosus Description: Lies medial to biceps femoris, quite fleshy; its slendedr tendon begins about 2/3 way down the thigh
Origin: Ischial TuberosityInsertion: Medial, proximal end
of the tibiaAction: Extends thigh, flexes
and medially rotates leg
Group 8Muscles of the Thigh
Semimembranosus Description: Deep to semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial, proximal end of the tibia
Action: Extends thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
Group 9Muscles of the Leg
Anterior CompartmentTibialis Anterior
Description: Superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia
Origin: Lateral tibiaInsertion: Medial cuneiform &
first metatarsalAction: Dorsiflexes & inverts
the foot
Group 9Muscles of the Leg
Anterior CompartmentExtensor Digitorum Longus
Description: On anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior
Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal shaft of the fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of the phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Dorsiflexes & everts the foot; extends digits 2-5
Group 9Muscles of the Leg
Anterior CompartmentExtensor Hallucis Longus Description: Deep to
extensor digitorum longus & tibialis anterior; narrow origin
Origin: Medial shaft of fibula, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of the hallux (1st digit)
Action: Dorsiflexes & inverts foot; extends the hallux
Group 9 Muscles of the Leg
Superior CompartmentGastrocnemius: Description: Superficial
muscle of pair; two prominent bellies that form proximal curve of calf
Origin: Medial & lateral condyles of the femur
Insertion: CalcaneusAction: Flexes the leg and
plantar flexes the foot
Group 9Muscles of the Leg
Posterior CompartmentSoleus
Description: Deep to gastronemius on posterior surface of calf
Origin: Posterior fibula and tibia
Insertion: CalcaneusAction: Plantar flexes the foot
and important during walking, running & dancing
Group 9: Muscles of the LegPosterior Compartment – Deep
MusclesPopliteus:
Description: Thin, triangular muscle at posterior knee; passes downward & medially to tibial surface
Origin: Lateral condyle of the femur
Insertion: Proximal portion of the tibia
Action: Flexes the leg & rotates it medially to unlock knee from full extension when flexion begins
Group 10Muscles of the Abdominal WallExternal Abdominal
Oblique:Description: Largest & most
external of the abdominal oblique muscles; fibers run downward & medially; aponeurosis turns under inferiorly forming inguinal ligament
Origin: External surface of ribs 5-12 (fleshy strips)
Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest and inguinal ligament
Action: Compresses the abdomino pelvis cavity and laterally rotates; aids in lateral flexion
Group 10Muscles of the Abdominal wall
Internal Abdominal Oblique: Description: Fibers fan upward & forward and run at right angles to those of external oblique (which it underlies)
Origin: Inguinal ligament and iliac crest
Insertion: Linea alba and inferior 4 ribs
Action: same as external abdominal oblique
Group 10Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Transversus Abdominis: Description: Deepest (innermost) muscle of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally
Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia and ribs 7-12
Insertion: Linea alba, and pubic crest
Action: Compresses the abdomen and laterally rotates trunk
Group 10 Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
Rectus Abdominis: Description: Medial superficial muscle pair; is located on each side of a tendinous line (linea alba) extending from xiphoid process of sternum to the pubis; segmented by three reinforcing tendinous intersections horizontally which give the abs the classic washboard appearance
Origin: Pubic Crest and symphysis pubis
Insertion: Xiphoid process & cartlidges of ribs 5-7
Action: Compresses the abdomen and flexes lumbar vertebrae
Group 11Muscles of the Back
Erector Spinae Muscle Spinalis:
Description: Most medial muscle column of erector spinae
Origin: Spinous process of the upper lumbar, lower thoracic, and 7th cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of the upper thoracic & the cervical vertebrae
Action: Extends the vertebral column
Group 11Muscles of the Back
Erector Spinae Muscle Longissimus: Description: Intermediate tripartite
muscle group of erector spinae; mainly pass between transverse processes of the vertebrae
Origin: Transverse processes of the lumbar, thoracic & lower cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, and the mastoid process of temporal bone (capitis)
Action: Extend the vertebral column & head; acting on oneside bend it laterally; capitis extends the head & turns face towards same side (bend laterally)
Group 11Muscles of the Back
Erector Spinae Muscle Ilio Costalis:
Description: Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck
Origin: Crest of the sacrum; spinous processes of the lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae; iliac crests; angles of the ribs
Insertion: Angles of the ribs; transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
Action: Extend the vertebral column & acting on one side, bend it laterally maintain erect posture