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Exercise Science PSE 4U Muscle Groups of the: 1. Axilla 2. Scapular Region 3. Rotator Cuff 4. Arm 5. Forearm Flexors 6. Forearm Extensors 7. Gluteal Region 8. Thigh 9. Leg 10. Abdomen 11. Back

Exercise Science PSE 4U

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Muscle Groups of the: 1. Axilla 2. Scapular Region 3. Rotator Cuff 4. Arm 5. Forearm Flexors. Forearm Extensors Gluteal Region Thigh Leg Abdomen Back. Exercise Science PSE 4U. Pectoralis Major. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Exercise SciencePSE 4U

Muscle Groups of the:

1. Axilla

2. Scapular Region

3. Rotator Cuff

4. Arm

5. Forearm Flexors

6. Forearm Extensors

7. Gluteal Region

8. Thigh

9. Leg

10. Abdomen

11. Back

Page 2: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 1Muscles of the Axilla

Pectoralis Major Description: A large fan shaped muscle – covers upper portion of chest, forms anterior of axillary fold

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and ribs 1-7

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Flexes, adducts and medially rotates arm

Page 3: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 1Muscles of the Axilla

Pectoralis Minor Description: A flat thin muscle directly beneath and obscured by the pectoralis major. Forms anterior wall of Axilla

Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5

Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula

Action: Depresses the scapula and elevates ribs 3-5

Page 4: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 1Muscles of the Axilla

Serratus Anterior Description: Forms medial wall of axilla. Serrated or sawtooth appearance. Lies deep to scapula and beneath & inferior to pectoral muscles on lateral rib C1

Origin: Outer surface of ribs1-9Insertion: Entire length of

vertebral border of the scapula

Action: Stabilizes, abducts and rotate the scapula upward

Page 5: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 1Muscles of the Axilla

Subscapularis Description: Forms part of posterior wall of axilla; a “rotator cuff” muscle

Origin: Subscapular fossaInsertion: Lesser tubercle

of the humerusAction: Extends and

medially rotates the arm, stabilizes shoulder joint.

Page 6: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 1Muscles of the Axilla

Teres Major Description: A thick rounded muscle found inferior to the teres minor. Helps form posterior wall of axilla

Origin: Axillary border of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: Adducts, extends and medially rotates the arm

Page 7: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 1Muscles of the Axilla

Latissimus Dorsi Description: A broad flat, triangular muscle of the lower back (lumbar region). Forms part of posterior wall of axilla

Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12 and L1-L5, the sacrum, iliac crest, and ribs 10-12

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm; pulls shoulder inferiorly

Page 8: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region

Trapezius Description: A flat triangular muscle, upper fibers run downward to scapula, middle fibers run horizontally to scapula, lower fibers run superiorly to scapula

Origin: Occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and the spine of the scapula

Action: Abducts and extends head, rotates and adducts scapula

Page 9: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region

Levator Scapulae Description: Thick strap like muscle located at back & side of the neck, deep to trapezius;

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: Superior angle of scapula

Action: Elevates scapula, and rotates and abducts neck

Page 10: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region

Rhomboid Major Description: A rectangular shaped muscle lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae. Inferior to rhomboideus minor.

Origin: Spinous processes of T1-T4

Insertion: Inferior, vertebral border of the scapula

Action: Adducts, stabilizes and rotates the scapula

Page 11: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region

Rhomboid Minor Description: A rectangular shaped muscle lying deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae

Origin: Spinous processes of C6-C7

Insertion: Superior, vertebral border of the scapula

Action: Adducts, stabilizes and rotates the scapula

Page 12: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 2Muscles of the Scapular Region

Deltoid Description: Responsible for roundness of shoulder

Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, and spine of the scapula.

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Action: Abducts, flexes, extends medially, and laterally rotates the arm

Page 13: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

Consists of 4 musclesa) Supraspinatusb) Infraspinatusc) Teres Minord) Subscapularis (mnemonic S.I.T.S.

- they sit on the shoulder)

*If any of the rotator cuff muscles is damaged due to strain or badmechanics, the consequences are serious for arm/shoulder actions

Page 14: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

Supraspinatus Description: Named for its location on posterior aspect of scapula

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus by a common tendon with Infraspinatus and Teres Minor

Action: Abducts arm and stabilizes the shoulder

Page 15: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

Infraspinatus Description: Partially covered by deltoid & trapezius

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus by common tendon with Supraspinatus & Teres Minor.

Action: Extends, laterally rotates arm and stabilizes the shoulder

Page 16: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

Teres Minor Description: Small, elongated muscle that lies inferior to infraspinatus

Origin: Axillary border of the scapula.

Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus by common tendon with supraspinatus & infraspinatus

Action: Same action as infraspinatus muscle

(Extends, laterally rotates arm and stabilizes the shoulder)

Page 17: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 3Muscles of the Rotator Cuff Subscapularis Description: A large

triangular muscle, and the only muscle in the group located on the anterior surface of the scapula

Origin: Subscapular fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: Medially rotates humerus and stabilizes the shoulder.

Page 18: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 4Muscles of the Arm

Triceps Brachii Description: Large fleshy muscle and the only muscle of posterior compartment of the arm

Origin: Long head= Infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula

Lateral and medial heads= posterior surface of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Action: Extends the forearm and arm, and adducts the arm

Page 19: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 4Muscles of the Arm

Coracobrachialis Description: A small cylindrical muscle.

Origin: Coracoid process of the scapula

Insertion: Medial shaft

of the humerus

Action: Flexion & adduction of the humerus

Page 20: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 4Muscles of the Arm

Brachialis Description: Strong muscle that is immediately deep to the biceps brachii

Origin: Anterior, distal humerus

Insertion: Coronoid Process of the ulna

Action: Flexion of the forearm

Page 21: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 4Muscles of the Arm

Anconeus Description: A short triangular muscle closely associated with distal end of triceps

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Action: Extends the forearm

Page 22: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 5Forearm Flexors

Pronator Teres Description: A two headed muscle

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna

Insertion: Middle shaft of the radius

Action: Pronates and weakly flexes the forearm

Page 23: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 5Forearm Flexors

Flexor Carpi Radialis Description: Runs diagonally across the forearm; midway, its fleshy belly is replaced by a flat tendon that becomes cordlike at wrist

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: 2nd and third meta carpals

Action: Flexes & abducts the hand; aids in flexion and pronation of forearm. Powerful flexor of wrist

Page 24: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 5Forearm Flexors

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Description: Most medial muscle of this group; two headed

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon process; posterior surface of ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate & 5th metacarpal

Action: Flexes & adducts the hand; powerful flexor of wrist

Page 25: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Gluteus Maximus Description: Largest and strongest, most superficial of gluteal muscles; forms bulk of buttock mass; fibers are thick & coarse.

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx

Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia by lateral fascia and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Action: Extends, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh

Page 26: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Gluteus Medius Description: Thick muscle largely covered by gluteus maximus and sits on top of gluteus minimus

Origin: Outer ilium, between the posterior & the anterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur

Action: Abducts & medially (internal) rotates the thigh

Page 27: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Gluteus Minimus Description: Smallest and deepest of the gluteus muscles

Origin: Outer (external) ilium, between the anterior and the inferior gluteal lines

Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur

Action: Abducts and medially (internally) rotates the thigh; same action as the gluteus medius

Page 28: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Sartorius Description: A superficial anterior muscle of the thigh. It derives its name from the latin word sartor meaning “to mend”.

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia

Action: The sartorius acts across two joints: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee

Page 29: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 7Muscles of the Gluteal Region

Quadratus Femoris: Description: Short thick muscle; most inferior of lateral rotator muscles, extends laterally from pelvis

Origin: Ischial TuberosityInsertion: Shaft of the femur

just below the greater trochanter

Action: Laterally rotates the thigh and stabilizes hip joint

Page 30: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh Anterior Compartment

SartoriusDescription: A superficial

anterior muscle of the thigh. It derives its name from the latin word sartor meaning “to mend”.

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia

Action: The sartorius acts across two joints: Flexes and laterally rotates the hip and flexes the knee

Page 31: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh Anterior Compartment

IIiopsoasDescription: A composite of

two closely related muscles: iIiacus and psoas major

Origin: Psoas major – the transverse processes and bodies of T12 and L1-L5

IIiacus – iliac fossa and sacrum

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flex the thigh; flex the trunk on the femur

Page 32: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Rectus Femoris Description: Superficial, straight muscle of the anterior thigh; longest head and only muscle of the group to cross the hip joint

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament

Action: Extends the leg (knee) and flexes the thigh

Page 33: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Vastus Lateralis Description: Forms lateral aspect of thigh

Origin: Greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament

Action: Extend the leg (knee)

Page 34: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Vastus Medialis Description: Forms inferomedial aspect of thigh

Origin: Medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament

Action: Extends the leg (knee)

Page 35: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Vastus Intermedius Description: Lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh

Origin: Anterior, lateral shaft of the femur

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via the patella and the patellar ligament

Action: Extend the leg (knee)

Page 36: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Pectineus Description: Short flat muscle; overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh

Origin: Superior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: Posterior femur just below the lesser trochanter

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Page 37: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Adductor Longus Description: Most anterior of adductor muscles

Origin: Crest and the symphysis of the pubis

Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Page 38: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Adductor Brevis Description: Largely concealed by adductor longus and pectineus

Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: Upper part of the linea aspera of the femur

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates the thigh (femur)

Page 39: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Adductor Magnus Description: A triangular muscle with a broad insertion; a composite muscle that is part adductor and part hamstring in action

Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubis and the ischium

Insertion: Most of the length of the linea aspera, and the adductor tubercle of the femur

Action: Adducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates the thigh

Page 40: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Gracilis Description: Long, thin, superficial muscle of the medial thigh

Origin: Symphysis pubis and the pubic arch

Insertion: Proximal portion medial tibia just below the condyle

Action: Adducts the thigh and flexes the leg

Page 41: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Biceps FemorisL.H. S.H.

Description: Most lateral muscle of the group; arises from two heads

Origin: Long head-ischial tuberosity

Short head-distal linea aspera

Insertion: Head of fibula, and the lateral condyle of the tibia

Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the leg (knee), long head extends thigh

Page 42: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Semitendinosus Description: Lies medial to biceps femoris, quite fleshy; its slendedr tendon begins about 2/3 way down the thigh

Origin: Ischial TuberosityInsertion: Medial, proximal end

of the tibiaAction: Extends thigh, flexes

and medially rotates leg

Page 43: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 8Muscles of the Thigh

Semimembranosus Description: Deep to semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial, proximal end of the tibia

Action: Extends thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

Page 44: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 9Muscles of the Leg

Anterior CompartmentTibialis Anterior

Description: Superficial muscle of anterior leg; laterally parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia

Origin: Lateral tibiaInsertion: Medial cuneiform &

first metatarsalAction: Dorsiflexes & inverts

the foot

Page 45: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 9Muscles of the Leg

Anterior CompartmentExtensor Digitorum Longus

Description: On anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal shaft of the fibula

Insertion: Dorsal surface of the phalanges of digits 2-5

Action: Dorsiflexes & everts the foot; extends digits 2-5

Page 46: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 9Muscles of the Leg

Anterior CompartmentExtensor Hallucis Longus Description: Deep to

extensor digitorum longus & tibialis anterior; narrow origin

Origin: Medial shaft of fibula, and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of the hallux (1st digit)

Action: Dorsiflexes & inverts foot; extends the hallux

Page 47: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 9 Muscles of the Leg

Superior CompartmentGastrocnemius: Description: Superficial

muscle of pair; two prominent bellies that form proximal curve of calf

Origin: Medial & lateral condyles of the femur

Insertion: CalcaneusAction: Flexes the leg and

plantar flexes the foot

Page 48: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 9Muscles of the Leg

Posterior CompartmentSoleus

Description: Deep to gastronemius on posterior surface of calf

Origin: Posterior fibula and tibia

Insertion: CalcaneusAction: Plantar flexes the foot

and important during walking, running & dancing

Page 49: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 9: Muscles of the LegPosterior Compartment – Deep

MusclesPopliteus:

Description: Thin, triangular muscle at posterior knee; passes downward & medially to tibial surface

Origin: Lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: Proximal portion of the tibia

Action: Flexes the leg & rotates it medially to unlock knee from full extension when flexion begins

Page 50: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 10Muscles of the Abdominal WallExternal Abdominal

Oblique:Description: Largest & most

external of the abdominal oblique muscles; fibers run downward & medially; aponeurosis turns under inferiorly forming inguinal ligament

Origin: External surface of ribs 5-12 (fleshy strips)

Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest and inguinal ligament

Action: Compresses the abdomino pelvis cavity and laterally rotates; aids in lateral flexion

Page 51: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 10Muscles of the Abdominal wall

Internal Abdominal Oblique: Description: Fibers fan upward & forward and run at right angles to those of external oblique (which it underlies)

Origin: Inguinal ligament and iliac crest

Insertion: Linea alba and inferior 4 ribs

Action: same as external abdominal oblique

Page 52: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 10Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Transversus Abdominis: Description: Deepest (innermost) muscle of abdominal wall; fibers run horizontally

Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia and ribs 7-12

Insertion: Linea alba, and pubic crest

Action: Compresses the abdomen and laterally rotates trunk

Page 53: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 10 Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Rectus Abdominis: Description: Medial superficial muscle pair; is located on each side of a tendinous line (linea alba) extending from xiphoid process of sternum to the pubis; segmented by three reinforcing tendinous intersections horizontally which give the abs the classic washboard appearance

Origin: Pubic Crest and symphysis pubis

Insertion: Xiphoid process & cartlidges of ribs 5-7

Action: Compresses the abdomen and flexes lumbar vertebrae

Page 54: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 11Muscles of the Back

Erector Spinae Muscle Spinalis:

Description: Most medial muscle column of erector spinae

Origin: Spinous process of the upper lumbar, lower thoracic, and 7th cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Spinous processes of the upper thoracic & the cervical vertebrae

Action: Extends the vertebral column

Page 55: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 11Muscles of the Back

Erector Spinae Muscle Longissimus: Description: Intermediate tripartite

muscle group of erector spinae; mainly pass between transverse processes of the vertebrae

Origin: Transverse processes of the lumbar, thoracic & lower cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, and the mastoid process of temporal bone (capitis)

Action: Extend the vertebral column & head; acting on oneside bend it laterally; capitis extends the head & turns face towards same side (bend laterally)

Page 56: Exercise Science PSE 4U

Group 11Muscles of the Back

Erector Spinae Muscle Ilio Costalis:

Description: Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck

Origin: Crest of the sacrum; spinous processes of the lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae; iliac crests; angles of the ribs

Insertion: Angles of the ribs; transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

Action: Extend the vertebral column & acting on one side, bend it laterally maintain erect posture