Exercises in Modern English Grammar

5/28/2018 Exercises in Modern English Grammar

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Exercises in Modern English Grammar. .

"Exercises in M!ern En#is$ %r&''&r"()** )+,+- ,+ (+)+, (+ ))**)+ ) *

)+++ -)++ /0. 1 () +/ )/ ) *+)*2) )*3 +*+0 )(0*0* + ((+*-)++ /0 ( (+ , "Exercises in M!ern En#is$ %r&''&r"3*+ +*+++ )2 4.. 5*+3 1.. 5/23 6.. 7,+ +*++0+)+ ++ (++ *- -)++ /0 7+)).8+ ,+ (+)+, (/+ )*))+3 9:; (+*+*23/(*2 )*2 * ,/+0 / -)+- *3 +*+0 + (+< )- +. =+ +9* ,0*2 )(+ )(+2/++ )** *+++ **2+ )+ >2**+ -)++ /0. ?+2 (++:2 +9* +/*2*9 * ); +3 /- +9-3 /0; (++*+*20;)+. @ , /0 ) + ,+3 (+)+, +9* ,+)+**2) ) ,0 ,/)0 )+ -)++ /03 )(+2/0 ,+

(+A)).B,+ (+)+, )+)*+* / ; /+ C D+>++ *))3 :; ), (9 *)++3 *++++ *+)++ ;*.?+2+ )+ +*+ +*+0; /- * :)+/+9+)*2 0)* 2 (+0 / 0. =)+,+ *)(9 )+(+)**2++ ;*3 (+/+: )0*2 ):)*0/ (+*, *); - -)+ ))+ /0;. , +*90 +- *A3 +/ ))* -)++/0 ,9 *0)*-. 590- / /*) + *)*+0; /-3 :;+/+9+)*2 (+*2 +2 /-. (+)+, 0 *)*+0 /3 * ; * +/+9+)*2 +):)**2 )++*+2 )+ +A (+0; /-.8+ ,+ (+)+, * )++ /3 * (+)*++ +)+>*)++ *3 ()*:+ )+,+- **0- /++0- /0+,* F +A GG GGH .@)3 *+ ,+* (+ (+ ,+ (+)+, ,* ) (+/+- (*+-.Who climbs the grammar tree distinctly knows Where noun and verb and participle grows.IrJ!enK&rLi

MORPHOLOGY. PR!" O# "PEE$H$ha%&er '.!HE (O)($lassi*ica&ion o* (o+ns

Ex. ,. State whether the nouns in bold type are proper or common.. N$e H'Oeri PL&Le QrRn S L$e TUeen S En#&n! is nr'#J VeOL &L &he !o-er. W. N$is c$Urc$$&s a &o-er &LL&c$e! L iL. . !he English $hannel is L$e n&rrR &re& S R&Ler XeLReen En#&n! &n!Yr&nce. Z. N$e '&in channels $&! Xeen c#se! XJ ene'J sUX'&rines. [. \U &re #iVe a #igaro. ]ne'inULe $ere3 &nL$er L$ere. ^. H_è XU$L a /oda01 XUL H !n_L VnR $R iL RrVs. a. Hn L$e &rL circ#es$e R&s VnRn &s a Me&sena&. 2. 3elling&on !eSe&Le! b&O#en_s &r'J in L$e X&LL#e S 3a&erloo. 4.3elling&ons &re rUXXer XLs. 'eric&ns c# L$e' s$es. d. $&L $&! $&OOene!3 Xec&'e a3a&erloo 5ridge Sr $i'. . fe is a re Pa%ara&ssi in eèrJL$in L$&L cncerns '&Vin 'neJ. W.giL& hrRn RriLes #iVe an merican E6el7n 3a+gh. . fe is L$ri##e! &L $is neR XUJj a classicMercedes 5en8. Z. nLnJ M&rs$# #iès ULsi!e &he ci&7. EèrJ 'rnin $e !riès L L$e QiLJ R$ere


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$e RrVs &s sL&SS '&n&er. [. !he Red93hi&e9and95l+e )nion :ac0 $Un UL S eèrJ Rin!R3S#ULLerin in L$e Xreeke. ^. ;egas &n! Mone& Rere $er $UsX&n!_s S&ÙriLe &rLisLs3 &n! XL$ Rere Re##reOresenLe! in L$eir$Use. a. fe #&nce! &L L$e #isL S $er &rL c##ecLin. "isle7s1 Mone&s1 Mane&s1 a ;ali1 Renoirs anda ;egas. HL R&s & S&XU#Us c##ecLin. l. Q&r# #a

Ex. =. Explain the origin and the meaning of the following commonnouns. Use them in sentences of your own.

Ir&cU#&3 & Q&rLier3 & PnJ3 & Q&'e#3 & M&r#XrU$3 & c'O#eLe P$&VesOe&re3 & geeXV3 & M&Uker3& è#&ce3 & eXsLer3 & In mU&n3 & IUn$i##3 L$e $iLe fUse3 & h&rXie3 & mi##eL3 & KeLrSS3 &PLr&!i`&riUs3 &n ]sc&r3 & V'&n3 & $#i&n3 Xer'U!&s3 & Gerx3 & beRLn.

Ex. . Read and translate the following. Explain the use of the nouns in bold type.. N$e SSiki in Y#rence $&è 're OerSecL O&inLins L$&n &nJ L$er #erJ n L$e O#&neL C nL tUsL!in&ore&&os and 5o&&icellis1 XUL L$e 'sL &rresLin RrVs XJ OeO#e #iVe %enLi#e !& Y&Xri&n &n!Pi'ne M&rLini. P'e $ara6aggios1 "h&c$Us" &'n L$e'3 Rere SUn! in &n SSiki sLre. Translate into English.H. 5+- (+*):- +o @)*+:- D+*)*+o W. = * +*o @ (+)*+@* 7+)*+. . C v 93 *+ *+- (*2 C )* ) . C 83 + * *++. Z. = )*+:- 5/+. + + + +)**u [. C 5 )0+>*0o C 83 w*+ D+A*. ^. C *+ w*+ / ;u C y*+ 5/+. a. @ w*+- )*+((++ )+2+ j D))3 6+3 z+23 {+ )*2- D+). l. C|, *) w* *u C y*+ ))+. . @ )*; + ,* /+ +9j +2*3

)*3 ,3 5+. d. * /+, ,3 +*+ /0*)+ .HH. 7 , ( 2- +)*+ 9* )+0- 7+,/+ 5/+.W. C 5 ) *0 2u C y*+ 5++. . w*+ / 0)*0 * 7,*. Z.y*+ ,0 )+ )/ + (A }+. [. C 5+ ++*2+ (*2o C@*2+3 2 w*+ F2.

Ex. ?. atch the six common words given below and the following descriptions.. NR


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W. N$e 'sL OOU#&r S # $U'rUs èrse Sr's in En#is$ c'es Sr' & cUnLrJ in Hre#&n!. ]neL$erJ s&Js L$&L Hris$ 'ercen&ries Use! L c'Ose èrses in L$&L Sr' &XUL e&c$ L$er &n! L$en tinin & c$rUs S "$en Re eL X&cV L LRn3 _LRi## Xe & #riUs 'rnin.". be&r#J LREx. @. Explain the difference between the following pairs of words and use them in sentencesS

JUr Rn.. &ir C &n &irW. Xe&ULJ C & Xe&ULJ. cSSee C & cSSeeZ. c#L$ C & c#L$[. !inner C & !inner^. Sire C & Sire la. #&ss C & #&ssl. #&nU&e C & #&nU&e. #e'n C & #e'nd. #i$L C & #i$L. n&LUre C & n&LUre

W. &V C &n &V. O&Oer C & O&OerZ. O#&J C & O#&J[. ORer C & ORer^. rUXXer C & rUXXera. ice C &n icel. sLne C & sLne. sLU!J C & sLU!JWd. Ri## C & Ri##

Ex. A. ake up exclamatory sentences according to the model.odel! competent advice " What competent advice# good $uestion " What a good $uestion#

. riin &!ìce re&L i!e&W. Xe&ULiSU# n&LUre !iSSicU#L c$&r&cLer. S&s$in&X#e SUrniLUre Xi reSrier&LrZ. '!ern e~UiO'enL &ncienL SrLress[. UnexOecLe! 'neJ re&L SrLUne^. Rn!erSU# 'Usic senLi'enL LUnea. $iLLin neRs sLr&ne c#l. ! Orress Xi sUccess. $e&`J Lr&SSic XUsJ #ined. 'iser&X#e Re&L$er n&sLJ !&J


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. !eeO VnR#e!e exce##enL cerLiSic&LeW. !iSSicU#L RrV O#e&s&nL tX. gUssi&n #inen #inen LRe#Z. #e&SJ S#i&e Xe&ULiSU# #e&S

Ex. 2. %omment on the nouns in bold type.. f&rr!s $&s s 'Uc$ L SSer. qinL&e -ines &n! sO&rV#in cham%agne1 rUsLic cUnLrJ %a&es &n!

si#VJ s'L$ &errines1 !e#ic&Le scenLe! &eas &n! sUXL#e in*+sions1 XULLerJ s$rLXre&! XiscUiLs &n! ric$SrUiLJBams1 rXUsL %ic0les &n! L&nJ relishes1 '&LUre S&r'$Use cheddars &n! crU'X#J s&il&ons1hams &n! s'Ve! salmon R$ic$ 'e#Ls in L$e 'UL$ C # OresenLe! in Lr&!iLin RicVer X&sVeLs rf&rr!s Xxes. N$e n#J L$in f&rr!s c&n_L sUOO#J is &he -ea&herC W. %! -ines &re L$e XesL XUJsXeSre Q$risL'&s. . !rOOe! in &L L$e sUOer'&rVeL &n! XU$L & SeR c#! mea&s1 &n! H s '&!e asalad. Z. YrUiLB+ices &re i!e in $L Re&L$er. [. MJ %r&nnJ '&Ves SUrBams eèrJ Je&r. ^. Use! Le&L &oas& RiL$ r&ne marmalade. a. Yr&nce $&s &n exce##enL r&ne S cheeses. l. seL 'enU in L$isQ$inese c&Se cnsisLs S SUr so+%s. H OreSer & Pin&Ore&n se&S! so+%. HL L&sLes &n! s'e##sLerriSic. . ferX &eas &re 'J S&ÙriLe. d. N$is s$O se##s Sine *oods. . N$e SinesL r+ms c'e Sr'KUerL gic. W. R&Js $&è a


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. ccr!in L '!ern sL&n!&r!s 'J *amil7 isn_L Xi.=.M7 *amil7 &re e&r#J Xir!s. . N$e


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9)0 )*+* +++. . D+ /(* )*+2 0)+3 *+,0 +,*2 )*+;. d. +9 C w*+ +)++ 9)03 )* -. . =)*++93 )*( +2 *0. W.+A ) : :* +:+ )+*3 + (+ /9 ;. . ?2 C +, . Z. + )(A2+)*2 C w++. [. *+ ++* *+ )2u = )+) *+- , ) *++u ^. F** w*+- >0 )+)*+* / *A* +. a. |(( w*++** C w*+ +)++ 0() 1|1. l. + ) (++. . 5+( )+ (++o Wd. =,+9 ,+*2 (+ ) , (++. W. = ,+**

)+ ) , (++.

(+m

!


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& c&cLUs3 SUnUs3 r&!iUs3 sLi'U#Us3 eniUsX &3 Sr'U#& in science3 erLeXr&3 &nLenn&) X&cLeriU'3 cUrricU#U'3 !&LU'3 'e!iU'3 'e'r&n!U'3sLr&LU'3 'i##enniU' ! in!ex in '&L$e'&Lics3 in XVs e &OOen!ix in XVs3 in 'e!icine S&nJsis3 &xis3 X&sis3 crisis3 !i&nsis3 $JOL$esis3 &sis3O&renL$esis3 L$esis criLerin3 O$en'enn.

Ex. ,4. Translate into English.. ++ *0)* -)+ /0 (+);+* +* *)++ )+ "'i##e"3 +*+++/* *0). W. @ (+;+)* w*+- (*0 (+);+* )*0 . . D++0 * /0 (+0. Z. 5+0 * +A w*; ,+*u [. D0 (+)+2+ ++ )+ *+. ^. 5++ )+9 w*+- ,*0u a. 5++ +,0+)+9 ); +u l. {* + ) / . . } :*) +)+- +). d. *)* (+)2 (+ ;3 (+)*++ :)2 +/)0.. 5+ ++*20- +/u W. 5*)0 )** ()*0;. . D0 / /0; )+A20;)+. Z. D+ ,* 0/0* ,+/. [. y*+ -)**2+ 2+ . ^.= + / . a. w*+ ; 90. l. B +- ,, )20 ,+ ;; (+/+;. . y* 0 90. Wd. 1*)+3 *+ 0 ++3 A*2(+ u W. 5/)0 w++ +*9*) + 9/ -. WW. +9

w*++ (* /)*+.

Ex. =D. Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the words in bold type.,.Mone7 c&n_L XUJ $&OOiness3 &n! i& cerL&in#J c&n_L XUJ $eL$. \e&rs & h#&cVie L#! 'e L$&L 'neJ-as mean& L Xe sOenL &n! $e R&s crrecL. $e`er s&i! L$&L 'neJ doesn&


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#ès iL. Z. N$eJ scr&Oe! & #iìn XJ c&Lc$in cra+Au . 70, (+- (+90 >+-. W. C *+ w*+ / 0,u C y*+

*: 0,. . +)+*3 )+ (* 0, (o Z. C +2+ 0, *0(+- +))2u C @ ++-3 + (+ ++2)* +* 0,. [. @+) ,0+ )2 0,+3 + + ) ;3 * *+ +)*+)2 (*2 0,+. ^. ***3 0, (*.

Ex. =>. Read and retell the following text in indirect speech.#l7ing #ish]ne !&J & s&i#r c&'e Sr' & `J&e &n! s&i! L $is 'L$er3 "H $&è Xeen n '&nJ `J&es &n!$&è seen & #L S sLr&ne L$ins. MJ c'O&nins &n! H nce rRe! Sr six !&Js in &n Oen X&L &n!SUn! Urse#ès in & se& S 'i#V3 in L$e 'i!!#e S R$ic$ R&s & 'UnL&in S sU&r. H nLice! L L$&L L$e'i#V L&sLe! ~UiLe Sres$. ]n &nL$er cc&sin Re c&'e &crss &n is#&n! S c$eese &n! iL L&sLe! #iVeIULc$ c$eese. hUL L$e re&LesL Rn!er S # L$e Rn!ers H $&è eèr seen &re L$e S#Jin Sis$ S L$e

PUL$ern K&ciSic3 R$ic$ S#J Sr ~UiLe & #n Li'e R$en L$eJ &re OUrsUe! XJ L$eir ene'ies." fis 'L$erL$U$L3 s$V $er $e&! &n! reO#ie!3 "H c&nnL Xe#ieè L$&L. Pe&s S 'i#V &n! is#&n!s S c$eese L$ere'&J Xe3 &n! H ~UiLe Xe#ieè L$&L L$eJ exisL. hUL S#Jin Sis$ &re UL S L$e ~UesLin. bL$in &n! nX!JRi## '&Ve 'e Xe#ieè iL3 Un#ess H see L$se Rn!ers RiL$ 'J Rn eJeso"

Ex. =?. &. Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the meanings of the word fruit.,. #r+i& is ric$ in 'iner sLs &n! ìL&'ins. W. Hs *r+i& c$e&O L$is Je&ru . $&L *r+i&s ! JU cU#Li`&Le$ereu Z. N '&Ve & SrUiL s&! Re s$# nee! !iSSerenL *r+i&s. 5. *r+i&arian is & Oersn R$ e&Ls n#J*r+i&. ^. $&L &n exLic *r+i&C a. qerJ sn JU_## entJ L$e *r+i&s S JUr $&r! RrV. l. N$e *r+i&s Sn&LUre Xe#n L # '&nVin!. . HL R&s & PUn!&J &n! n ne R&s in L$e '! Sr & #ecLUre &XUL *r+i&.d. N$e sLr&RXerrJ is & Xe&ULiSU# &n! !e#iciUs *r+i&.4. Translate into English.

. +/* ++ >*+. 1; +)** / {A3 1)(3 1/. W. 0+->*0 (++9 ; /. . @ A )** /0 A*)+0 >*0. Z. B ,0+2 )0 (+0. [. @ *+ 93 *(2 + (+9* (+0 )+; ;A-.^. + )(; C w*+ (+ (+++ *. a. ,+) C ++2 >*+. y*+ +2 (+/0->*. l. @ **2 ) ,* >*0 ++9+. . 8 +; - >*0 +2++3 + +* (+/+*2 ; ), 90- 2. d. 7/0 >*0 )(+2/*) +)*++. . {*0 (+/03 ; ++ *+ 20; )+-. W. @ ;0; )-) (+*) ++ w/+*); >*+.

$ase


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Ex. =@. Replace the of5phrase by the noun in the possessive case.. N$e Srien! S 'J 'L$er. W. N$e sOeec$ S L$e Kresi!enL. . N$e S&r' S #! McIn!. Z. N$enè#s XJ I. PLee#. [. N$e $XXies S L$e c$i#!ren. ^. N$e Oe's XJ hUrns. a. N$e !ULies S & '&n. l.

cnSerence S !cLrs. . N$e #iSe S & X!JU&r!. d. N$e O#icJ S Yr&nce. . N$e sLreeLs Sn!n. W. N$e X&nV S L$e rièr. . N$e r&Js S L$e sUn. Z. N$e R&J S n&LUre. [. N$e Le&s SHn!i&. ^. N$e $isLrJ S L$e Rr#!. a. N$e !iSSicU#Lies S L$e c'O&nies. l. N$e creR S & s$iO. . $#i!&J Sr & ReeV. Wd. Xre&V Sr Siè 'inULes.

Ex. =A. Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the use of the possessive case.. . hJ &nJX!J_s sL&n!&r! L$is c'O&nJ R&s & ! XUJ.W. IU#&s_s ìce Lre'X#e!3 "$&L H RU#!n_L iè L Xe in $is s$es." . P$e #&J cUr#e! in & X#3sL&rin inL L$e Sire_s Xri$L S#&'es. Z. IereV_s XrL$er_s n&'e is %rerJ. [. P$e LV & s#ice RiL$ &Oiece S #&sL Je&r_s c$eese n iL. ^. Hn L$e eènin H !ine! in L$e $Le#_s resL&Ur&nL. a. fe reserè! &se&L n L$e S##Rin ReeV_s XUs. l. OicVe! UO & ciLJ '&O &L L$e sL&Lin_s LUrisL SSice. . Y&scin&Le!3f&rrJ L$U'Xe! L$rU$ L$e resL S L$e enè#Oe_s cnLenLs.HH. . e $&! L 'è eèrJL$in UL S N''J &n! M&x_s r' inL Iennis_s. W. HL_s s'eX!J e#se_si!e&3 nL 'ine. . Mic$&e# RrVs &L hi## &n! PUs&n_s Sir'3 R$ &re O&rLners. Z. \U c&n_L XUi#!$&OOiness n s'eX!J e#se_s Un$&OOiness3 &L #e&sL L$&L_s 'J Oinin. [. N$eJ L & S&x Sr' L$eK&VisL&ni Kri'e MinisLer_s SSice. ^. N$e TUeen S En#&n!_s O&ce is & ~U&rLer S &n $Ur_s ri!e Sr'

L$e cenLre S n!n.HHH. . Mere!iL$ #inVe! $er &r' L$rU$ K&LsJ_s. W. bR L$&L Re reR UO3 $e inLen!e! L #iè XJ L$sesL&n!&r!s3 R$ic$ Rere $is S&L$er_s. . fer eJes 'eL $er Srien!_s.Z. Mrs. Ke##_s resOnse R&s &s R&r' &s $er !&U$Ler_s.[. P$e !i!n_L $&è & 'in! #iVe & R'&n_s &L #3 're #iVe & '&n_s.Hq. . P$e c&'e L En#&n! Sr' ]!ess& Je&rs &. QU#! iL Xe L$&L s$e_s & re#&Liè S L$eirsu W. henR&s sUc$ & S&ÙriLe S 'J S&L$er_s. . %rinnin3 $e s&i!3 "ren_L JU in L inLr!Uce L$&L neRO&rLner S PLeO$en_s L Usu" Z. fe $Oe! $e $&! '&n&e! L &èrL &n &RVR&r! !iscUssin &XUL L$&Li'&in&rJ $UsX&n! S E''&_s. [. N$&L #iLL#e XJ S Ur nei$XUr_s is #Vin Sr LrUX#e. ^. N$&L R&s &S&ÙriLe &'e S $is r&n!S&L$er_s3 OU##in sUrOrises UL S $is OcVeLs.q. . C "P R$ere ex&cL#J is L$is O&rLJu" 'J !&! &sVe!. C "HL_s &L L$e YerUsn_s." W. N$en $e !rè'e L #ex_s. . fer $UsX&n! &n! # $er Vi!s &re c'in L UnL E'i#J_s. Z. e !rOOe! in &L L$e

X&Ver_s Sr & Yrenc$ sLicV. [. ]cc&sin#J H $&è & sn&cV &L McIn!_s. ^. P&insXUrJ_s is R$ereLe&c$ers3 ìc&rs &n! sUc$#iVe ! L$eir S! s$OOin. a. Q&!XUrJ_s '&Ve Sine c$c#&Le.R&Lc$'&Ver_s3 L$e OLici&n_s3 L$e !cLr_s3 L$e !enLisL_s3 L$e cnSecLiner_s3 L$e !rJ c#e&ner_s3 L$esL&Liner_s3 L$e $&ir!resser_s L$e X&rXer_s

Ex. =2.&nswer the following $uestions6 using the phrases given below.$ere ! JU iS JU R&nL L .... eL S&sL S!u W. XUJ s'e èeL&X#esu . $&è JUr eJes ex&'ine!u Z. XUJ s'e n&i#s &n! &$&''eru [. eL JUr $&ir cULu ^. $&è s'e c#L$es c#e&ne!u a. XUJ s'e ci&rs &n! ci&reLLesu l.XUJ & Re!!in rinu . eL Oens3 Oenci#s3 O&Oeru d. XUJ c&Ves &n! c$c#&Leu . XUJ & #L S s'#!iSSerenL L$insu W. $&è JUr LeeL$ ex&'ine!u . XUJ s'e 'e!icineu Z. XUJ s'e 'e&Lu [. XUJs'e S#Rersu ^. eL s'e inSr'&Lin &XUL Lr&è##inu a. $&è JUr R&Lc$ reO&ire!u l. XUJ L$e

'sL exOensiè L$ins in n!nu . $&è JUr OeL ex&'ine!u Wd. $&è &!ìce &XUL JUr $eL$uL$e S#risL_s3 L$e XULc$er_s3 L$e reenrcer_s3 L$e sUOer'&rVeL3 L$e Lr&è##in &enL_s3 McIn!_s3 L$eirn'ner_s3 L$e teRe##er_s3 f&rr!s3 L$e èL_s3 L$e c$e'isL_s L$e !rUsLre3 L$e LX&ccnisL_s3 L$e inL$ree $Urs Li'e. a. hJs c#L$es Re&r UL èrJ ~UicV#J. l. fR 'Uc$ !es & XJ t&cVeL csLL$ese !&Jsu . $&L_s L$e n&'e S Q$&r#es O&rLneru d. re O#ice'en UniSr's c'SrL&X#eu .Kr&Ue isn_L 're L$&n & !&J tUrneJ Sr' $ere. W. V &L L$e rses in Mrs. mnes &r!en. . H_'LrJin L &LLr&cL L$e R&iLress &LLenLin. Z. N$is c$Urc$ R&s LRenLJ Je&rs RrV. [. N$e ce&nscèr ad S L$e e&rL$ sUrS&ce. ^. bR c'es L$e tUrneJ en!.

Ex. =4.&dd s( 7s( s 7 where necessary.


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. PLU!enL r&!es !eOen! n L$eir LesLs. W. Q$&r#es 'eL fe#en &L 'J O&renLs $Use. . e # RenL LQ$&r#es Re!!in. Z. N$e hrRn O&inLe! L$eir cLL&e reen. [. N$e hrRn cLL&e is s$inin #iVe & neROin. ^. N$e tUrr &è & S&ir èr!icL. a. N$e tUrr èr!icL R&s S&ir. l. Ne!! is !riìn s'ene e#se c&rL!&J. . eL_s !rO in &L "N$e P'iL$". d. 'en S&s$ins c$&ne 're Sre~UenL#J L$&n 'en. .N$eir $Use sL! n L$e R&Ler e!e. W. N$e sUn r&Js iè Us #i$L3 R&r'L$ &n! enerJ. . &sLni$L &'e R&s s'eL$in. Z. nee! s'e c$i#!ren LJs Sr 'J s'# neO$eR. [. hJ in L L$ese H $Oe L eL 'J 'neJ RrL$. ^. fis RrV R&s 'Uc$ XeLLer L$&n '&nJ L$er sLU!enL RrVs. a.

Yre!ericV R&s s&LisSie! RiL$ $is se'esLer RrV.

Ex. D. 8araphrase the sentences using the possessive case where possible.. N$e Xe&ULJ S Hre#&n! is re#J Xre&L$L&Vin. W. N$e c&Ls S L$e c$i#!ren nee! c#e&nin. . N$e cèrS L$e XV is èrJ Xri$L. Z. N$e O#icJ S L$e c'O&nJ is sLi## nL c#e&r L 'e. [. N$e cnsLrUcLin SL$e neR 'eLr #ine $&s sL&rLe!. ^. N$e Nq Orr&''es S #&sL ni$L Rere èrJ inLeresLin. a. R&ss$cVe! XJ L$e Oinin S hess. l. N$e c$i#!ren $&! & $#i!&J Sr & ReeV. . e nee! L O&inL L$e rSS L$e $Use. d. N$e X&cV S L$e c$&ir R&s L #R. . N$ere R&s & #&'O &L L$e $e&! S L$e Xe!.

Ex. ,. Use the words in brackets in the possessive case. &sL ReeV R&s 'J !&U$Ler sixL$ XirL$!&J. W. Q$i#!ren LJs &re èrJ &LLr&cLiè L$ese !&Js. .f&è JU eèr 'eL Ienis RiSeu Z. H_## see JU in &n $Ur Li'e. [. N$e $Use Ri## Xe s#! in LR

ReeV Li'e. ^. e_## Xe in K&ris

Ex. =. Read the following phrases and find their Russian e$uivalents. 9earn them by heart.N ne_s $e&rL_s cnLenL &L ne_s Siners_ en!s &L & $&ir_s Xre&!L$ in L$e 'in!_s eJe ne_s 'neJ_sRrL$ UL S $&r'_s R&J &L &r'_s #enL$ re&c$ Sr fe&èn_s s&Ve Sr %!ness_ s&Ve Sr&OOe&r&nce_s s&Ve &L !e&L$_s !r L Xe nX!J_s S# L VnR s'ene Sr !nVeJ_s Je&rs &Lr&kr_s e!e &L & sLne_s L$rR Sr'... L Xe &L ne_s RiL_s en! &L Un_s OinL & Xir!_s eJe ìeR.

Ex. . &. Read and translate the following sentences6 paying attention to the phrases in bold type.. fe $e#! $er a& arms leng&h3 scrULinikin $er inLenL#J. W. H_è neèr rRn L #iVe $i'3 nL ne iL&3eèn L$U$ H_è VnRn $i' &n! $is S&'i#J *or don0e7s 7ears. . $&L s&è! L$e siLU&Lin R&s L$&L

#&n_s SSice R&s n#J Ia&J a s&ones &hro-Sr' L$e c#UX. Z. 'n his minds e7e3 M&xi' OicLUre! L$e

OeO#e R$ Rere i'OrL&nL in $is #iSe. [. MJ 'L$er #ès L$e $Use &n! L$e rUn!s &n! s$e c&n&r!en &R&J &o her hear&s con&en&. ^. e &re a& o+r -i&s end$R L s#è L$e !i#e''&. a. N$eUns Rere nR $i!!en3 o+& o* harms -a7. l. P$e '&!e & Ri## a& dea&hs door. . Min!3 Re !i! iL tUsL*or old &imes sa0e. d. Yr' L$is LRer JU c&n eL a . Translate into English.. }* (+ +2 (9. W. y + / ,/; /- +- ))*0.. v +,0+ )*)2 )+ )+ +)* + ,, . Z. y* C + / )**+ +- 0. [. B + 2 +3 9:0. ^. +2 9 ,0 3 + +)(+2/+) +- )++ ,+)). a. y*+ /{) ,0+ )+) )**. l. D+- (+* +*+ *++ * 93 (+* 89+. .5 9 *) w*+* +0- ?w))o d. y*+ + ,3 + D). .y/0 (+/3 *(2 0 +9 + /*2). W. 7 ,+3 (+- 9 +A3 *+*0 ;+2 (+ +)* ,*0. . y*+ /-* ++ 3 + ++ + +- (+*2.Z. @ (0*-) +,*2 3 + .[. 8- - +*) +* ; (+2. ^. v )*3 *+ ( 9+)+)*2) ; (. a. 7+0 12> *+ (+(0 +; (++-**-. l. * *0; * *0 9 (+ ))*+3 *(2 39*)3 + /,*2) +* *,. . D )* 89+)C (+) +2D)). Wd. ,,+* *+ ,+- + +9* 0)*(*2 )+2+ + ++ B+ =*+ -


1

Ex. ?. &. Read the following phrases and explain their meaning.H.b&$_s &rV W. K&n!r&_s Xx . fXsn_s c$ice Z. gUXiV_s cUXe [. K&rVinsn_s !ise&se ^. esO_sS&X#es a. c$i##es_ $ee# l. #&!!in_s #&'O . MUrO$J_s #&R d. Q#eO&Lr&_s nee!#e . Q&es&r_s RiSe W.Q$risLie_s . NiSS&nJ_s Z. è_s #! sReeL sn [. n #! RiSe_s Le.h. Yi## in L$e LiL#es S s'e RrVs S #iLer&LUre.. ..._s !ènLUres in n!er#&n! W. ..._s Q&Xin . ..._s Q$ice Z. ..._s Q'O#&inL [. ..._s èr ^. ..._s

Nr&è#s a. ..._s &J l. ..._s eX . ..._s Ki#ri'&e d. ..._s fUse . ..._s h&XJ.

GenderEx. @. *ive the nouns of the opposite sex.

. & XJ3 & $UsX&n!3 & XrL$er3 & S&L$er3 & neO$eR3 &n Unc#e3 & sn3 & Vin3 & enL#e'&n3 & #&!3 &Xri!er'3 & 'nV3 & $e&!'&sLer3 & X&c$e#r3 Mr.3 & ccV3 & XU##3 & '&nh. &n &cLr3 & cUnL3 & !UVe3 &n e'Oerr3 & '&Jr3 & !3 & $sL3 & $eir3 & '&n&er3 & 'i##in&ire3 &Orince3 & OeL3 & R&iLer3 & Ri!R3 & #in3 & Lier3 & $er3 & ck&r3 & i&nL3 & XUsiness'&n.

Ex. A. Explain whether the nouns below denote male or female people.n &enL3 & c#ienL3 & cUsin3 & !cLr3 & 'er'&i!3 & Srien!3 & Sreiner3 & UesL3 & c#ienL3 & #&RJer3 &nei$XUr3 & O&renL3 & tUrnisL3 & Oersn3 & scienLisL3 & sLr&ner3 & sLU!enL3 & ìsiLr3 & Le&c$er3 &RiLc$3 & '&ici&n3 & c#Rn3 & S&irJ3 &n &'&kn3 & XrUneLLe3 & s&i#r3 & sOJ3 & X#eL !&ncer3 & X#erin&3&n &ne#3 & Rik&r!.

Ex. 2. Read and translate the sentences. Explain how gender of the nouns is expressed in them.. Hre#&n!o P$e is Ur ML$er#&n!. W. N$e. beR \e&r XrU$L 're !is&sLrUs neRs Sr hriL&in &n! $er#ies. . Mine is & Sine c&r. P$e $&s neèr #eL 'e !Rn. Z. \U c&n L&Ve & $rse L L$e R&Ler XUL JUc&n_L '&Ve $i' !rinV. [. C $&L & Sine J&c$Lo C \es3 &n! s$e csL 'e & SrLUne. ^. c&n_L U&r&nLee&L # L$&L L$is O#&ne Ri## eL !Rn n L$e Sie#!. P$e_s tUsL &s #iVe#J L O&n !Rn r èrs$L. e_##OrX&X#J LrJ L Xrin $er in Sr' L$e e&sL. H R&nL JU L Un#cV L$e &ULOi#L3 iL Ri## $#! $er sLr&i$L &n!#eè#. a. re&c$e! Sr 'J #iLL#e ! &n! OicVe! $er UO. l. N$e nè# is &XUL m&O&n_s '&tr OrX#e's3L$e &!OLin S esLern sLJ#e W^&n! L$e Oreser`&Lin S $er Rn. . fe c#e! $er "he&ULiSU# Ire&'er". P$e R&s ne S L$e 'sL'&niSicenL ce&nin J&c$Ls eèr !esine! XJ L$e XesL n&` &rc$iLecLs. d. MJ c&L Nrixie R&s sUc$& &J #iLL#e &ni' s$e R&Js XrU$L & s'i#e L 'J S&ce &n! '&!e 'e #&U$.

Ex. 4. Read the text and retell it.Gender 5endersQrrecL r&''&r Xe&Ls O#iLic crrecLness3 eèn in Yr&nce. E&c$ S L$e seèn R'en in L$e Yrenc$%èrn'enL is in SULUre L Xe &!!resse! &s Madame La Minis&re &ccr!in L L$e !ecree S L$eKri'e MinisLer. hUL #&nU&e #&U$s &L #eis#&Lrs3 Sr Yrenc$ r&''&r recnikes n èrn'enLsL$er L$&n iLs Rn rU#es. MinisLre3#iVe 'sL LiL#es &n! !escriOLins S OrSessins in Yrenc$3 is S L$e'&scU#ine en!er. N$e !esin&Lin S & !cLr3 !irecLr r '&Jr is '&scU#ine3 eèn R$en L$e $#!erS L$&L OsL is & R'&n. inUisLic en!er $&s n cnnecLin RiL$ sex r "n&LUr" en!er. Ye'e

s&i#rs &n! S&r'ers Rere r&re in ncienL g'e. hUL L$eir ccUO&Lins &re in L$e Se'inine en!er in&Lin3 L$e 'L$er S # L$e g'&nce #&nU&es. sOn is '&scU#ine in %er'&n Ider Lo**elJ & SrVis Se'inine Idie Ga


1

O#iLic crrecLness L$&n r&''&r. &nU&e !es e`#è3 XUL nL Sr SSici circU#&rs. P3 R$J nL L$e R$#e R&J &n! $&è La Minis&resseF HS L$e Yrenc$ &re sL&rLin L Sin! en!er !!3 L$en iL Ri## S&!e&R&J3 &s iL $&s in En#is$. Eèn Yrenc$ Se'e '&scU#ine 'inisLers $&è n ri$L r ORer L LerYrenc$ r&''&r.

Ex. >D. &re you =. Use the correct form of the verb.. N$e c#&ss $&s$&è iLs Sin LesL n Yri!&J. W. N$e c#&ss is&re RrVin n L$eir in!iì!U OrtecLsL!&J. . N$e creR R&sRere &s#eeO in L$eir XUnVs. Z. N$e c''iLLee is&re re&!J L '&Ve L$eOrr&''e OUX#ic. [. N$e S&'i#J is&re Si$Lin &'n L$e'se#ès cnsL&nL#J. ^. N$e Sis$ in L$e&~U&riU' is&re R&iLin Sr L$eir !&i#J See!in. a. N$e Oress R&sRere re~UesLe! L s$R L$eircre!enLis L L$e U&r!. l. N$e KrLUUese is&re SrLUn&Le L $&è sUc$ & Xe&ULiSU# c&sL#ine. . N$e

criLeri& Sr Or'Lin is&re c#e&r#J sL&Le!. d. PUOern&LUr O$en'en& is&re S re&L inLeresL L'&nJ OeO#e. . MJ S&'i#J #iè#iès in & Ori`&Le $Use. W. MJ S&'i#J is&re e&r#J Xir!s. . N$eO#ice L$inVL$inVs iL_s L$e M&Si&_s !in. Z. $&L is&re L$e cnLenLs S L$e nLeu [. N$ereR&sRere '&nJ Sis$ in L$is rièr s'e LRenLJ Je&rs &. ^. N$e O#ice R&s Rere L$rU$ in L$eirex&'in&Lin S L$e 'Ur!er siLe.

Ex. >. Read the text and comment on the nouns in bold type.E''&_s s$O R&s $e&ì#J sLcVe!3 &n! s$e &nLiciO&Le! & XrisV XUsiness in L$e nexL SeR !&Js. N$isR&s $er L$ir! Q$risL'&s in L$e s$O3 &n! s$e R&s cnìnce! s$e RU#! $&è & #L S cUsL'ers3 XL$$er reU#&rs &n! neR nes. E''& &è L$e s$O & Sin #&nce3 $er eJes criLic#J seeVin UL L$eLiniesL i'OerSecLin. bL ne R&s ìsiX#e. N$e innU'er&X#e s$e#ès3 rUnnin &rUn! L$e R#s &n!s&rin UO L L$e cei#in3 $e#! Lins S ham1 %or01 and game1 re&L X#&cV


1

'after 4. 4radford)

Ex. >>. Translate into English.H. D0)0 /+ y +2 +*2)- +3 +*+0- )*+ , . W.{ )*++ D+2 ,0 (++, . D0 ++ 0,3 (:; (30; +3 9:; (+ ++0 ,. . C 5 +(0 )0o C 83 w*+7+). Z. ++ ()+ C * 9 ,+2 2. [. D+92 + )9*2) +-

(*. y*+ ,* *, )*+*2 (. ^. v / + +23 +2 + +9)/*23 *+ + + . a. y* ++)* *. v +9 ;. l. y*+>+3 w*+ )++ +,) :2o . )*2* )(+*23 ;+* ,0 ( .d. ,0+ )+)*+ 0)* . . B (+9 0-* / w*+-)+9+- )*A. W. 8- / +*) (). . =* + D- ++)(* *++ |+) +- (+*2. Z. * ,0 ++)+ +* (+. [. v +9(+)+**2 , 0; 0)* ) (+ w*+ . = 90 2. ^.+A (+)0* L c'X ++ (+); ,*-. a. + (+A (*w>>*0; (+* ()*(+)*u l. D/- ( (+*): * A++*,) C 8. . D/- F+ 6+) ;+*) z++ ?-@. %hange the nouns in the following sentences into the plural and make all the necessarychanges.. P$e is & LrU#J ! Oersn. W. H $&`e & sOeci Lre&L Sr Le& L!&J3 & sLr&RXerrJ c&Ve. . be`er LrUsL &

sLr&nero Z. HL_s & ~UesLin S OrinciO#e3 S eL$ics. [. P$e is & 'sL !eOen!&X#e XUsiness O&rLner. ^. N$eir# R&s Re&rin & s$eeOsVin c&L. a. N$&L_s & sens&Lin3 sir. l. N$ere is & s'# !iSSicU#LJ3 '&!&'. .fe is & Le&


1

&'e L O#&J. l. ]$3 R$&L & #è#J sUrOriseo . H_' & re n!ner3 L$U$ H R&sn_L Xrn L$ere. d.$&è & 'UnL&in S RrV L ! XJ L'rrR. . P$e LV & sLeO SrR&r!. W. HL R&s & #UcVJ c$ice n'J O&rL3 H L$inV. . Q&L$erine &è $i' & #ìn s'i#e. Z. gXerL $&! & èrJ ! e!Uc&Lin. [.N$ere is & secreL in $er #iSe3 H See# iL. ^. HL_s & '&ic sLrJ L Xe entJe! XJ S#Vs S # &es. a. MissfneJ &è L$e LinJ c$i#! & Xi $U &n! & Viss. l. P$e #è! $er sn RiL$ &n eèr#&sLin #è.

Ex. >4. >nsert the article if necessary.

H. hi## is ... RrV&$#ic. W. HL R&s ... #n


1

. N$e &rc$ S L$e sVJ R&s L$e !&rVesL S X#Ues. W. P$e Xe#ieè! OeO#e #iVe i#S L Xe L$e sL S L$ee&rL$. . $3 iL_s L$e L$er si!e S L$e cin3 s L sOe&V. Z. N$e cJc#e S #iSe is en!#ess3 &n! iL neèrc$&nes. [. N$e S##Rin !&J H O&sse! L$e 'rnin '&Vin O$ne c#s. ^. iVe # L$e XesL i!e&s3 iL_s& si'O#e ne. a. N$is is L$e 'sL '!ern s$OOin cenLre in L$e Rr#!. l. N$&L_s L$e VeJ ~UesLin. .N$e $Use R&s ~UieL. N$e sLUSS $&! ne L Xe!. d. P$e_## Xe L$e secn! L &nsRer. . e #iè nL$e seènL$ S#r. W. N$e ViLc$en R&s e~UiOOe! RiL$ # L$e #&LesL &OO#i&nces. . VnR L$is r&! #iVeL$e X&cV S 'J $&n!. Z. In_L SreL L$&L Mn!&J is L$e !e&!#ine. [. N$e sLrJ R$ic$ JU L#! 'e is

èrJ r'&nLic. ^. C $ere &re L$e c$i#!renu C N$eJ &re in L$e &r!en.

Ex. ?>. >nsert the right article.. ... 'sL Rin!Rs &re '&!e S #&ss. W. ... #&ss S 'J R&Lc$ is XrVen3 &n! ne S ... $&n!s is'issin. . ... SirsL cncern S &nJ èrn'enL s$U#! Xe ... e!Uc&Lin S ... OeO#e S ... cUnLrJ. Z....sL&rs &re èrJ Xri$L Lni$L. [. ... Oresi!enL s&i! L$&L $e !i!n_L R&nL... LrUX#e3 XUL ... LrUX#es S ...cUnLrJ $&! L Xe seLL#e! ~UicV#J. ^. ... Lrees in Ur &r!en Xe&r & #L S SrUiL eèrJ Je&r. a. ... &U!ienceR&s sLne si#enL. l. ... ir# is re#J ... re&L LVer. . Hn 'eric& "nei$XUr" $&s ... Srien!#J cnnL&Lin3in En#&n! iL is ... c$i##J Rr!3 ne&r#J R&Js ... sLr&ner. d. ... r&in R&s sLi## Xe&Lin n L$e Rin!Rs.. ... r&! sn&Ve! iLs R&J &crss ... $i##s. W. E''& $Oe! ... X&XJ RU#! Xe ... ir#. . ... TUeens'i#e!. P$e $&! L#! ... X#&cV fe. Z. Hn ... 'i!!#e S ... Je&r $e '&!e ... secn! LriO L Y&ir#eJ f#. [.C H !n_L #iVe ... O#ice'en. C beiL$er ! H. hUL H ! #iVe ... En#is$ O#ice'en. ^. ... ì##&e R$ere 'J

re#&Liès #iè is sUc$ ... i!J##ic O#&ce. a. ... Xe## r&n ... L$ir! Li'e L in!ic&Le ... Xeinnin S ... c#&ss.l. ... ir# is ... Xrn Oe&ce'&Ver.

Ex. ??. Explain the use of articles with the nouns in bold type.. P$e &è L$e s$O a *inal glance. =. N$eJ R&nL & Xi S&'i#J3 s L$eJ &re s Veen L $&è a &hirdchild. . fe OresenLe! # L$is in a mos& di%loma&ic -a7. Z. 'e#i& R&s Oren&nL &n! s$e R&s inse6en&h hea6en. ?. P$e &è L$e OrLr&iL a las& glance &n! RenL UL. ^. P$e OUre! a second glass.a. Mine is a &hird genera&ion com%+&er. l. N$ere is R&Js a *irs& &ime. 4. *irs& lo6e is neèrSrLLen. d. HL R&s #iVe a second hone7moon Sr L$e'. . K#e&se3 Yr&nV3 L$inV LRice XeSreJU '&Ve a *inal decision. W. N$eJ &re insL#in a second nsert the right article.. fenrJ gssiLer $&! ... c# &n! reSine! 'in!. ... cU#LUre! '&n3 $e R&s ... &rL cnnisseUr3... c##ecLrS r&re SirsL e!iLins3 ... !e`Lee S !r&'& &n! 'Usic. ... Or!UcL S ... ric$ &n! #! S&'i#J3 $e R&sL!&J ... cUriUs &'&' S ... UOOer


1

. Pens&Lin neRs is $&r! L eL3 tUrnisLs VnR iL Re##. W. $&L Rn!erSU# neRso HL c#s Sr &L&sL. . PUccess !esn_L c'e e&sJ. Z. N$is 'ìe R&s & $Ue sUccess. [. e_è $&! s'esUccesses in Lennis #&Le#J. ^. KRer crrUOLs OeO#e. a. r!s $&è & '&ic ORer. l. P$e#&nce! !Rn &L 'J #iLL#e !3 R$ R&s tU'Oin &&insL $er #es3 "H $Oe L$is ! isn_L in L cèr'e RiL$ $&irs". . N$ere is & $&ir n JUr t&cVeL. eL 'e XrUs$ iL SS. Wd. e is sLricL#J & c$rn#icL$in. HS JU See# JUn3 JU_re nn& Xe JUn.

Ex. ?2. Translate into English.. = (+9 ,/ 9/2. W. /2 *+3 +- 0 *. . y*+ /,9+. y*++(+) . Z. y*+ ,0+ +2 ))*+ . [. B(+0- * ()* )(;. ^.= * +2 )0 (+. a. ) ) ++0 (* ;+*2 + ++)+3 *+ *0 +,w*+ +2 (+92. l. B)(;3 +*+0 ) D)3 * + +*-. . B)(;* L i'Orè ;*. d. v/0 * ,+2 ). . B * +(0* ,+*0 )*2. W. y*+ ,0 +2 (20- +(0*. . B + )*2 + )*+,. Z. = +2++- +. [. = ++*3 *+ ;+* )+)**2 /:. ^. |*2 ),)+2+ )0; ++)+ +2 ))*+)2. a. = ,+**2 +/)*. l.y*+ - ); +/)*+. . *+ * *, 3 *0u Wd. z, )+/)*0 (++0.

Ex. ?4. >nsert the right article.H. bL n#J !i! s$e #è $er e#!esL sn3 s$e &!'ire! $i' n en!3 &n! L$ere R&s & #L L &!'ire. fe R&s... c#eèr3 in!ee! ... Xri##i&nL JUn '&n RiL$ ... re&L !e S ... LenL &n! ... ! $e&! n $iss$U#!ers. hUL $e $&! ... S#&R3 &n! iL R&s ... S#&R L$&L R&s S&L. fe Xe#ieè! $e VneR XeLLer L$&n&nJne e#se3 R&s cnìnce! S ... Ni$Lness S $is i!e&s &n! Xe#ieSs3 &n! $e neèr LV "n" Sr ...&nsRer. fe R&s S&r L sLUXXrn &n! Oinin&Le! Sr $is Rn !. HL !is'&Je! $er L$&L $e cU#! nLc'Or'ise3 L$&L $e R&s s rii!.''. $en Mere!iL$ RVe! inL Ir. fi#&rJ hensn_s Ori`&Le SSice3 $er SirsL i'Oressin R&s S ... !. 's #a&her inF (o& JeL3 XUL


2

Mo&her and +n& $&`e tUsL c'e.Ex. 2>. Translate into English.. ,,+* + )*** )*2 (+ ?


2

. P$e sRi's #iVe ...Z. P$e S#ies #iVe ...[. HL R&s &s #i$L &s ...^. P$e R&s &s $&OOJ &s ...a. P$e s#eeOs #iVe ...l. HL R&s &s s&Se &s .... P$e R&s &s OreLLJ &s ...

d. fe R&s &s XUsJ &s .... c$&ne is &s ! &s ...W. HL R&s &s $&r! &s .... HL R&s &s $e&`J &s ...Z. fe R&s &s U#J &s ...

[. HL R&s &s X#&cV &s...^. P$e R&s &s R$iLe &s...a. fe is &s s#R &s ...l. fe is &s 'errJ &s .... fe is &s Xr&`e &s ...Wd. fe is &s X#in! &s ...W. fe is &s #i'O &s ...

WW. fe is &s XsLin&Le &s ...W. HL_s &s #! &s ...WZ. HL_s &s s&Se &s ...W[. fe is &s !e&S &s ...W^. fe is &s !rUnV &s ...

%. Use some of the given above phrases to describe the characters and habits of your friends6relatives6 teachers6 etc. ind6 that your criticism should be mild and friendly.

Ex. 22. Translate into English.. 1/*3 + +2 *++()23 C )/ + *;+. W. ) *0 ;+2 +


2

(0 (+,)+ /. . D+2 )- ,) +2 (+*2. Z. * +,- )*+)2 0 )+,+. [. B ++ +,+)*+ )*+ )(+)*. ^. @9 *023 *+ *+3 *+ + ++*3 )*2 ;+*2 )++ (0u a. F)( +)+ >+*0.l. 5+++* 9/ ,)+3 + + *). . 2, + /)* +* +2+; :-. d. 0)++ , 0 . . 0 ;+ +9+ *2(+ {+A. W. A 9:0 ()/+. . (( *++)+ /**2)- /0. Z. B )+)2 3 *(2 9 2 ) 3

*+,0 +*+*+*2 . [. @ + )*+ > )+*. ^. { :A0+9 )++**)*+*2 +(0 *,+.

Ex. 4=. %omment on the use of articles with nouns in bold type.. M&Li#!&3 & sensiLi`e &n! Xri##i&nL ir#3 R&s `erJ ~UicV L #e&rn. W. N$e !icLin&rJ3 a $ollins1 is L$e 'sLre#i&X#e sUrce S inSr'&Lin Sr 'e. . hen &n! n!J3 Un!isciO#ine! nsert the article if necessary.H. Mr. M&rs$# is & Re##)+- )(,. Z. B (/* ,0 (++0 ) (20. l.+>))+ @+ ,0 /, + **)++ >2**. . +,3 +++3 +; + (+ +. d. 8*3 +/+0 (++)*3 )*+ (;+ (+*2 *). . @ 7+9)*+ ** + *+ (/9* (+*2 ). W. D+- CA*3 ,+* *+ .

Ex. 4?. Read and translate the following sentences6 paying attention to the phrases in bold type,. "&e%


2

Je&rs. [. P$e re&! L$e Srein LexL s#R#J3 line


2

hen SLen L$U$L rereLSU##J &XUL &he %as&. l. NrJ L #e&rn L srL &he good Sr' &he


2

!es& Yo+r r&iclesEx. ,D=. Read the text and retell it. %omment on the nouns in bold type.enice La "erenissima.Yr L$ese LR !&Js q&ness& Xec&'e Yr&nV_s &n! hi##_s Ui!e3 s$Rin L$e' O#&ces in qenice. N$eseRere s'#3 ^Uni~Ue &rL #eries3 'UseU's &n! c$Urc$es SS &he


2

X&nce!. iVe & XJsL&n!er3 R&Lc$in in & sense. hUL s'eLi'es3 $e cU#!n_L $e#O eLLin in`#è!. HLL L $i' cc&sin#J3 ... L$e O&in3 L$e $U'&n sUSSerin. n! iL R&s R&Js L$e inncenL R$ Rere L$e'sL $UrL. &rs Vi##e! L$e sU#3 !r&ine! L$e sOiriL3 &n! !&'&e! L$e OsJc$e.hi##_s creR Rere $is c&'er&'&n3 MiVe i##i&'s3 &n! me #nk3 $is sUn!'&n R$ $&! !neLe#ec&sLs L L$e PL&Les RiL$ $i' Sr '&nJ Je&rs nR. N$eJ $&! 'eL &XUL Len Je&rs & &n! $&! XeenS&sL Srien!s eèr since. n! eèn R$en L$eJ Rere in !iSSerenL O&rLs S L$e Rr#!3 L$eJ sLi## sL&Je! incnsL&nL LUc$. N$eJ Rere exceOLin#J c#se3 s$&re! L$e s&'e inLeresLs &n! Un!ersL! e&c$ L$er

OerSecL#J3 L$eJ Rere UsU#J n L$e s&'e R&è#enL$.'after 4. 4radford)

Ex. ,D?. >nsert the article if necessary.... Le&c$ers &re #iVe Re&L$er3 ne 'inULe !3 ne 'inULe X&!. W. ]Oenin ... Sri!e !r3 m&Ve LVUL ... Xeer3 Oene! iL &n! !r&nV ... c#! Xeer Sr' ... XLL#e3 entJin iL ... Xeer R&Js L&sLe! XeLLerSr' ... XLL#e. . P$e is n ... !ieL3 s s$e r!ere! ... crie


3

$ha%&er '''.!HE PRO(O)(Personal and Possessi6e Prono+nsEx. ,D2.Read and translate the sentences %omment on the words in bold type.. gese&rc$ s$Rs L$&L ne S L$e 'sL èrUse! Rr!s in &nJ #&nU&e is L$e Rr! Sr H. Q$&nin HL me r ìce èrs& Xrins re&Ler `&rieLJ L JUr sOeec$ &n! RriLin. W. mUsL XeLReen JU &n! me1

L$is cUrse is & !is&sLer. . HL L&Ves LR3 me &n! JU3 L '&Ve & !re&' c'e LrUe. Z. fe##o Hs L$&L meJU &re #Vin Sru [. N$e re#&Lins$iO XeLReen &hem R&s SLen sLr&ine!. ^. V &L L$e Sis$. HL isièo a. fe R&nLe! her L L & 'ìe RiL$ $i'. l. C $ is L$ereu C HL is H 'e. . M&x #è! ice*. d. v ) +, w*+ (+/,+)2. . D (;+*) (+)*++(+*2 ),3 *+ +9 ,0*2 ,+ *(+-. W. v ) )*3 *+ ,0 (. .= ,0 ), +* . Z. = )+ ,++)*+. [. )*2*)23 (+9-)*3++0 . ^. D0 +*)2 )++ /++ )*. a. = (+- ), *+3 *+ 3 *9 9/2. l. = ) +2 w*+ 0.

Ex. ,,2. Cind the English e$uivalents for the following words. ake up sentences of your own with

them. )+0- W. w+A*0- . )++*+2 Z. )+/:* [. )+)A( ^.)+9 a. )+( l. )++)**+0-. w+)*0- d. )++*+ . 0- ),

Ex. ,,4.Translate into English. fe +,+2:-*)2. ) w*+ * (+)*+. W. =2 )*+ * ,0 (+)*0 ) ),.. ) 0 ;+** ) /*23 *+ * ) ),. Z. +-3 *0 92 )+ ),. [. + + )/*2 )+ ),3 *+ -)**2+ ))*u ^. =)*++9+3 ,)2o a.= +*)2 A+ A ) /+A. l. *(23 *3 0-) )(*2. . |0(+/+2 ), ;+*2 + )),*2)u y*+ 2 * 9+o d. +/,+*2*)2 + ),o .= (+)* ), )+- )2. W. 8)*2 2; ** +*()2 +,*2. =

(+)(3 +- (+)3 **- (+))... . . ,++ * ), + )*+3 *+(3 + + /)**2 ), (/*2) w*+. Z. @*+ )* w*+ / *,3 *,(*) )*2 w*+ )+. [. 7))9* + ),. ^. |0 / ,0 ), )+,+u a.5+ ,0 0 + )**3 + ) 9+)*2. l. =,/+ w*+- )* +9+(+*2) + )+++ +3 Xrin UO L !&Le aZ

'nde*ini&e Prono+nsEx ,=D.>nsert some or any where necessary.. MJ Le&c$er #iès ... !isL&nce &R&J Sr' L$e sc$#. W. \U s$U#! XUJ ... neR c#L$es Sr L$e beR\e&r3 H L$inV. . gUL$ sLi## $&s ... !UXLs &XUL $er '&rri&e3 XUL $er XJSrien! m$n $&sn_L L &nJ. Z.


3

MU' R&s sUre Re $&! ... $neJ #eSL. L Xre&VS&sL iL LUrne! UL Re !i!n_L $&è ... . [. C f&s L$ereXeen ... !iscUssin S L$e OrtecLu C \es3 ... OeO#e &re &&insL iL3 H_' srrJ L s&J. ^. N$ere 'UsL Xe ...R&J L eL in LUc$ RiL$ L$e'3 XUL s S&r H $&èn_L SUn! .... a. C Hs L$ere ... re#i&X#e sUrce SinSr'&Lin JU_## Use in JUr inèsLi&Lin3 insOecLru C H !eSiniLe#J $&è ...3 L$U$ H &' nL in Lreè ... L JU3 sir. l. ... OeO#e $&Le se&S!. . eL_s LV &XUL iL ... L$er Li'e. d. N$ere &ren_L...'&rVeLs n Mn!&J. . C N$ere is ... !UsL n L$e SUrniLUre. C ]$3 H $&èn_L L ... Li'e Sr L$is. W. CI JU sOe&V ... Yrenc$u C b3 XUL H sOe&V ... En#is$.

Ex.,=,. %omment on the use of some or any in the following sentences.. QU#! H eL JU s'e Sres$ r&ne tUiceu H $&è tUsL '&!e s'e. W. \esLer!&J H #eSL L$e $UseRiL$UL &nJ 'neJ. . N$e cUnci# reSUse! L iè L$e !esiner &nJ Sin&nci $e#O. Z. Q&n H SSer JUs'e Rineu [. nJ S L$e sL&SS cU#! $&è $e#Oe! JU. ^. HS JU $&è &nJ ~UesLins3 c# 'e. a. P$# Hsen! JU s'e L$er Si#esu l. N$ere R&s neèr &nJ ~UesLin L$&L s$e RU#! #e&è $er tX. . m&cVie$&r!#J eèr $&s &nJ !UXLs &XUL $er &Xi#iLies. d. QU#! JU XUJ s'e c$eese in LRnu . N$ere isse#!' &nJ Rr#! neRs n L$is c$&nne#. W. N$e !eLecLiè S&i#e! L Sin! &nJ SUrL$er eì!ence. . HsL$ere &nJ R&Ler in L$e tUu Z. U#! JU #iVe s'e tUiceu

Ex. ,==. ake the following sentences interrogative and negative.. KeO#e UsU#J $&è s'e Sree Li'e n ReeVen!s. W. P'e S 'J Srien!s s Le&c$ En#is$. .

N$ere is s'e snR in L$e sLreeLs. Z. &iL3 H_## '&Ve s'e cSSee Sr Us. [. N$ere_s s'e sUO #eSL. ^.L$inV H nee! s'e $e#O. a. P$e $&s s'e re#&Liès in En#&n!. l. P'e OeO#e &re s &nnJino . e$&è s'e neR cnLr&cLs L$is Je&r. d. c&n eL JU s'e Xre&! R$en H s$OOin.

Ex. ,=. >nsert some or any where necessary.. Hrene_s O&renLs &re ... !cLrs. W. ... !cLrs3 #iVe !enLisLs3 Sri$Len 'e. . QU#! JU #en! 'e ...'neJu Z. ... 'neJ is èrJ i'OrL&nL in L$is #iSe. [. ... c&rs O&rVe! in L$is &re& Ri## Xe re'è! XJ L$eO#ice. ^. HS JU $&è ... #! XVs L$&L JU !n_L nee! &nJ #ner3 cU#! JU Xrin L$e' L Ur #iXr&rJ.a. N$is c&r $&r!#J Uses ... OeLr#. l. U#! JU #iVe ... Xr&n!Ju . MJ 'L$er X&Ves c&Ves RiL$ ...Xr&n!J in L$e'. d. I JU #iVe ... #ièsu . re L$ere ... #iès #eSLu W. MUs$r's s$U#! Xe&L$ere! RiL$ c&re &s ... c&n Xe èrJ OisnUs. . \U_## #iVe L$is neR c$c#&Le. P$# H s&è ... SrJUu Z. ... S $is O&inLins RU#! se## Sr Xi 'neJ L!&J. [. I JU eèr re&! ... O&Oersu ^. fe

$&r!#J eèr re&!s ... O&Oers. a. ... O&Oers &re re#J Xrin.

Ex. ,=>. Translate into English.. w*+ + |*2 (+) ), +


3

Re&L$er $&s ... L ! RiL$ # L$e s&Le##iLes in sO&ce. . \U_re Rrn. N$ere_s ... sLr&ne &XUL L$e'&n. fe is & !ecenL c$&O. Z. C $&L_s L$e '&LLeru C ... is L$e '&LLer. [. e #Ve! Sr &O#ice'&n3 XUL L$ere R&s ... &rUn!. ^. C I JU $&è &nJ c#Ue L L$isu C ... R$&Lseèr. a.&nsRere! eèrJ sin#e ~UesLin. MJ OOnenL &nsRere! ... . l. ... S Us Un!ersL! L$e O#&J. .Min!3 H_' $&ìn ... S L$&L #&nU&e $ereo Wd. In_L Xe s nsJo HL_s ... S JUr XUsiness. W. ... c'esL L$se R$ $UsL#e R$i#e $e R&iLs. 'Thomas &.Edison) WW. ... s$U#! Xe#ieè in ... . W. pin!ness3 H_è!iscère!3 is ... . WZ. Qnsi!erin $R !&nerUs ... is3 ... is re#J èrJ Sri$Lenin. '*ertrude Stein)

Ex. ,=@. Read the following ust for fun.E6er7


3

. Yr e&c$ '&n Un!er L$e sUn #iSe is & &'e. W. EèrJ 'e! $&s LR si!es. . EèrJ ! $&s $is !&J.Z. EèrJL$in c'es L $i' R$ R&iLs. [. EèrJ '&n is L$e &rc$iLecL S $is Rn SrLUne. ^. EèrJX!J_sXUsiness is nX!J_s XUsiness. a. EèrJ #iLL#e $e#Os. l. EèrJL$in 'UsL $&è & Xeinnin. .EèrJL$in $&s &n en!. d. fe R&s eèrJ inc$ & enL#e'&n. . EèrJ c#U! $&s & si#èr #inin. W.N$is is 'eric&o QUnL eèrJ `Leo

Ex. ,,. >nsert every or each

. ... 'rnin 'J M' #eSL #isLs & 'i#e #n Sr ... S Us3 L$ere R&s s 'Uc$ RrV L ! &XUL L$e $Use.W. ]Oenin 'J X& H LV UL LR enè#Oes RiL$ Aad OrinLe! &crss L$eir SrnLs in c$i#!#iVe #eLLers.f&n!in L$e' L n!reR3 H s&i!3 "iss& &n! m&'ie $&è ... RriLLen JU & c&r!.". P$e $&! & OresenL Sr... c$i#!. Z. e ... $&è Ur Ori`&Le ìeRs &XUL iL. [. #è! ... 'inULe S iL. ^. N$eJ Rere # tUsL siLLinL$ere3 ... S L$e' L$inVin Ori`&Le L$U$Ls. a. gsie c$&ne! L$e sUXtecL ... Li'e iL R&s r&ise!. l. P$eSSere! Us & Lin S XiscUiLs &n! 'J sisLer &n! H $&! ne ... . . N$e èrn'enL c$&nes ... Siè Je&rs.d. $&! n#J LR sUiLc&ses3 XUL ... Rei$e! èr LRenLJ Vi#s. . P$e $&s ... c$&nce S sUccess in L$e#iSe s$e $&s c$sen. W. e n#J s&è enU$ 'neJ L L&Ve & re `&c&Lin ... L$er Je&r. . e s&RL$ree JUn e#eO$&nLs3 ... L$e sike S & c&r. Z. ... S JU s$U#! sin L$e reisLer XeSre JU #e&è.[. ... c$i#! s$U#! Xe e!Uc&Le!. HL_s & 'UsL. ^. fe insOecLe! ... S L$e c&rs R$ic$ Rere in L$e &r&e.a. e $&è ... c'O#eLe! Ur RrV.

Ex. ,=. Translate into English.D0 )*) ) /2 90- @+0- +. W. 59++ )** w/* / +. . 59+- ;+*) 0-* /9. B 9+- )+- . Z. = 9* +)*- ) *0 *. [. 59++ )+* (+; / ;,+)*23 9+ 2. ^. 8+ / ; ( )*3 9++ ,0 )2/ (. a. 590- +0 +9(+-* A)- +)+* ( 90 *. l. B 9++ / ) )+ (0. . @9 9: +9* )**2 )2-. d. w*+- )2 9++ )+ . . y* 90)*+* (*2)* ,- 90-. W. = + +/ +)*- (+w*. . = ,*) 90- **-2. Z. B ) +*03 9 ) ,++. [. 59 / ,0 (+. ^. v +2++ ) 9++ / ).

Ex. ,. >nsert either or neither

. R&s exOecLin JU ... L!&J r L'rrR. W. fe sOVe ... En#is$ nr Yrenc$. . C $ic$ ne !JU R&nLu CH !n_L R&nL... . Z. e c&n 'eeL ... &L six r &L seèn. [. be##J $&s LR Srien!s. ... is in LRnnR. ^. N$e Re&L$er is ... c#! nr R&r' L!&J. a. IcLr3 JU &re nL Xein ... Sr&nV r S&ir. l. C $ic$ne ! JU R&nLu C H !n_L R&nL ... . . N$ere R&s n sUn! Sr' ... S L$e S#&Ls. d. P$e ... !rinVs3s'Ves3 nr e&Ls 'e&L. . Hn ... c&se L$e &nsRer is L$e s&'e. W. N$eJ '&J Xe ... $ere r L$ere.

Ex. ,>. Translate into English.. }* (A (; >)*2 ) *+;* ) 9+- )*++0. W. =, *)0. +/2 ,. . C *+ *0 ,2 (*2j - +>u C @ *+3 +. v, (*2 )+. Z. 9+ +A ++ )*+ (2. [. @ + / +; ; )0+- * /02+ )**. ^. v *+9 /3 + 9*. a. - w*+ ,+)+3 ,+ /*. l. @ 9+ , )*+ 2 0 +. . C v

, (+. C D+- 9 *+9. d. 7+* |) ,* )+**2 >2 9)+ ),,+*. |) *+9 ,* + )+**2.

Ex. ,?. Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the words in bold type.. P$e R&s nR #isLenin L R$eèr iL R&s n &he o&her en! S L$e #ine. W. n! nR #eL_s in &n! tin&he o&hers. . fReèr3 L$ere Rere L$er '&LLers SOr Us rRn


3

SrUsLr&Le! R$en L$is $&OOens. O&hers &re nL. . ]ne '&n_s 'e&L is ano&her '&n_s Oisn. W. H_èL ano&her L$ree XVs lL re&!. . ]n L$e ne $&n! iL is LrUe3 n &he o&her nL ~UiLe. Z. Hn dd L$e SSiki #erJ in Y#rence$&! W3[ O&inLins n !isO#&J. N!&J iL s$Rs tUsL [dd. !he o&hers &re #cVe! &R&J3 'sL neèrseen.

Ex. ,@. Translate into English.

. D0 )*)2 ;. D0 + . W. y*+3 * )/*23 +,++*)*++ . . +- (( ,0+ A*2 )**+. *+ ,0 +)*A03+)*20 +). Z. B ; +. =+- )2 *3 +- (*2. [. = , ++*+*23 *. ^. D0 (2+ (+. 8-* : + ). a. B ) ,+. = 0;+* 3 +- +)*+. l. D0 / ++ (*+. = *)03 *. . }+- + /3 (+*+ +-. d. 8+ + (0- / (0- )). ++- ,0 (+*>23 +- ,* A*+. . @+*+0 *) 3 *. W. C B /+*. = )0-3 +- 0-. C 83+*+0 ,* A*3 *0. . z )2 )+**2 . Z. D 9+ : / /*2 w* *. [. 5 : ) 0 ()u ^. 8+ (++)23 (+*+ *+ (*0 + . a. z+90 (++*2 +*2 . l. @+ ) +,*3 *+ )* (+)**2

:. . 1/3 + ,0+ 8++ )(+)+, )*2 w*+. Wd. v (++93 (+ *)+)*20. W. ++- )*++03 w*+ ;++- )3 ) +- )*++03 w*+ +()+.Ex. ,A. Read and translate the sentences. ## R&s ~UieL in L$e sLreeL. W. N$eJ # #iè LeL$er in L$e s&'e $Use. . e RU#! # Xe!is&OOinLe! iS JU c&nce##e! L$e 'eeLin. Z. fe R&s # s'i#es. [. V3 iè 'e & c$&nce. N$&L_s # HR&nL. ^. %eL X&cV L L$e L$ers &n! Re_## SreL L$e R$#e L$in. a. N$eJ_re L$e lWXesL in L$e R$#e Rr#!. l. N$e R$#e S EUrOe is in crisis. . $&è neèr L#! L$is L &nJne e#se in'J R$#e #iSe. d. fe &Le & R$#e O#&Le S Orri!e. . re&! L$e R$#e XV in ne eènin. W. ## isRe## L$&L en!s Re##.

Ex. ,2. Read and translate the sentences. Say what part of speech the word one is in the sentence.

. Nen 'inUs ne is nine. W. HS L$ere R&s ne L$in mU#ie cU#!n_L ! RiL$UL iL R&s Le&. . H_## $&è L$isne3 L$&nV JU. Z. N$ese LrUsers &ren_L &s Li$L &s L$e L$er nes.[. e_## !iscUss iL ne !&J R$en JU &re See#in XeLLer.^. C &nL & !rinVu C H L$inV H_## $&è ne. a. Q'e n nR3 #iLL#e nes3 SS L Xe!. l. ]ne c&n eL &Sree !inner $ere. . KeO#e Rere sL&n!in &rUn! in nes &n! LRs. d. HL_s ne&r#J ne _c#cV. .%!XJe3 !e&r ne. W. fU$ R&s nL ne L Xe e&si#J S#e!. . ]ne Ri## $&è L ! iL nese#S L$en.Z. C $ic$ is JUr Si#eu C N$e ne n L$e UOOer s$e#S. [. QnsL&nL O&in eLs ne !Rn. ^. ]nec&n neèr Le##3 XUL L 'J 'in! $e cU#! '&Ve & S&ir#J ! $UsX&n!.

Ex. ,4. Use one or ones instead of the nouns in bold type where Fpossible.. N$ese r&nes &re Lire!. f&è JU L Sres$er orangesF W. N$ese #ès &re & XiL Li$L. Q&n JUs$R Xier glo6esF . N$is s$irL is L Xri$L. H nee! & !&rVer shir&. Z. #Ve! L$rU$ L$e Si#es &n!

LV L$e *ile R$ic$ H $&!n_L seen XeSre. [. $&è $&! enU$ iceD. Read the proverbs and give their Russian e$uivalents.. ]ne #&R Sr L$e ric$ &n! &nL$er Sr L$e Or. W. ]ne c&nnL Xe in LR O#&ces &L nce. . ]ne !


3

LUrn !eserès &nL$er. Z. ]ne is neèr L #! L #e&rn. [. ]ne sR#R !es nL '&Ve & sU''er. ^.N$eJ Xr& 'sL R$ c&n ! #e&sL. a. \U c&nnL $&è iL XL$ R&Js. l. N$eJ s serè R$ n#J sL&n!&n! R&iL. . \U '&J #e&! & $rse L L$e R&Ler3 XUL JU c&nnL '&Ve $i' !rinV. d. \U neèr VnRR$&L JU c&n ! Li## JU LrJ. . \U scr&Lc$ 'J X&cV &n! H_## scr&Lc$ JUrs. W. ]ne #e&rns XJexOerience.

Ex. ,>,. Read the dialogue and retell it in indirect speech.

!-o o* E6er7&hingC M&rJ3 is iL LrUe3 $&è JU L LR $UsesuC ]$3 Jes. H_è L ne in n!n &n! ne in L$e cUnLrJ.C ]$3 'e L & èrJ s'# S#&L. HL_s L LR r's3 &n! & ViLc$en3 &n! & X&L$r'.C Kr JUo n! H_è L LR Le#eìsin. >nsert 'a) few6 'a) little.. &iL3 H_## OicV ... rses Sr JU Sr' 'J &r!en.W. ... OeO#e cU#! resisL sUc$ & Le'OL&Lin. . N$e O&LienL $&s '&!e ... Orress in L$e #&sL cUO#e SReeVs. Z. N$ere is ... Orress in L$e XUsiness. e 'UsL L&Ve s'e 'e&sUres L i'Orè iL. [. CQU#! JU iè 'e ... inSr'&Lin n L$e LriOu C N$ere is ... H c&n Le## JU3 sir. HL_s UL S L$e #isL. ^. K&U#OUL ... cins in L$e s#L3 L$U$L ...3 &n! L$en !ie! L$e nU'Xer. a. eL_s L L$e '&rVeL &n! XUJ ...SrUiL &n! ... c&rrLs. l. N$ere is ... SUrniLUre in Ur cUnLrJ $Use. e nee! L XUJ ... 're L$ins. . H_'sLi## $UnrJ. H L$inV H_## $&è ... 're Sis$. d. $en H R&s & c$i#!3 Re VeOL ... Oiens in Ur X&cV J&r!.. HS H &cceOL L$&L tX3 H_## '&Ve ... 're 'neJ.W. N$ere &re ... c&rs n L$e r&! L!&J. HL_s PUn!&J. . M&nJ ~UesLins Rere &sVe!3 XUL ... Rere&nsRere!. Z. &iL ...3 L$ere &re sLi## ... L$ins L &LLen! L. [. Eèn nR L$ere is ... Re c&n ! Li'Orè L$e Re&L$er.

Ex. ,>>.Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the words in bold type.. N$e Ùe S #iSe #ies nL in L$e #enL$ S !&Js3 XUL in L$e Use Re '&Ve S L$e'j & '&n '&J #iè #n3JeL eL li&&le Sr' #iSe. W. P$e R&s & R'&n S re&L c$&ris'&3 &n! SeR cU#! resisL L$e Srce S $erc'Oe##in OersniLJ. . HL is XesL L #isLen m+ch1 sOe&V li&&le1 &n! nL Xec'e &nrJ. Z. Less ismore. [. N$se Si$Ler Oi#Ls3 nL 'Uc$ #!er L$&n LRenLJ3 $&! !eSen!e! En#&n! in L$e sVies in Zd&n! $&! Xeen VnRn &s "N$e YeR". ^. "beèr in L$e Sie#! S $U'&n cnS#icL R&s s m+ch Re! XJ sman7 L s *e-1 . Q$Urc$i## $&! s&i! in $is sOeec$ in L$e fUse S Q''ns. a. P$e Xe#ieè! L$&LL$e less OeO#e VneR &XUL JU3 L$e s&Ser JU Rere3 Sr iS L$eJ VneR nL$in3 L$eJ cU#! ! JU no$&r'. l. hUL SeR L$ins c&'e &s & sUrOrise L E''& &nJ're. . #e-!cLrs !UXL nR L$e


3

i'OrL&nce S & !ieL. d. HS JU &re 're c&reSU#3 JU Ri## '&Ve *e-er sLUOi! 'isL&Ves. . P$e VneRnR L$&L 'en #iVe $i' Rere &'n &he 6er7 *e-. W. N$ere &re a *e-'&LLers L &LLen! L. . NrJ LOersU&!e $er L e&L a li&&le.

Ex1 ,>?. Translate into English. B ) +)*+)2 + ,+. @9+ (*2 ++. W. C @ + ,0 *0 ++9*2 ++ u C 1/3 + )++ + . . + * + - (+*

u * 9+ ++ (+. Z. /)23 ++ ++. [. ,)+ + ,/3 + ;** *+2+ )+2+ +*+. ^. |0 )+ ,3*, 9+ ++ +)*. a. D+ *+ /* (+ w*+* )*+3 + 0 ** 9 ,0)+2+ /. l. 6+* + +(0* w*+ 3 )4. Read the following proverbs and give their Russian e$uivalents.. M&nJ & #iLL#e '&Ves & 'icV#e. W. M&nJ $&n!s '&Ve #i$L RrV. . M&nJ Viss L$e $&n! L$eJ Ris$ LcUL SS. Z. M&nJ RU#! Xe cR&r!s iS L$eJ $&! cUr&e enU$. [. Mre L$&n enU$ is L 'Uc$. ^.N$e 're JU $&`e3 L$e 're JU R&nL. a. N '&nJ cVs sOi# L$e XrL$.

Ex. ,?D. Translate into English.. 5+( *** ++ +,++. W. )*2 ,+2+- )(+) +u . w*+/ ++ )* +/;. Z. |0 )+ ++ 2 + ,:. [. ),,+* 0)+* (2) . F)( D++ / +. ^. D+ )**3 *+ +,/+ C (*++9. a. ?+)23 *+ )+ +2 ++ )+,+++


3

. l. D++ ,0+ )+3 *+,0 +)+,+*2 /+9+. . B *, )*+2+ 9 )+3 9++ / ). d. ?0 9- 2. |+(0 - )( (. . @) )+ ++3 /)2 * 9 ++ )*. W. C B ) ++ +(0* w*+- ,+*u C )2. v ++ *,+* +. . y*+ )+)2 ++2+. =2 +;++ >20 (+/0* (+/+ +2. [. * *0 * ++ ,0+ )+ )*+2 +;.

Ex. ,?,. Use all 'all of) or both 'both of).. N$e !eSen!&nLs Rere Orè! Ui#LJ. W. N$eJ Rere Unn&LUr#J si#enL. . N$eJ #iè LeL$er in L$es&'e $Use. Z. N$ese &re OrX#e's S n i'OrL&nce. [. fe &n! E!iL$ &ree! L c'e. ^. bicV &n!be##J RU#! Xe crss RiL$ JU iS JU !n_L c'e. a. N$e c$i#!ren in L$e senir rUO c&n #V &SLerL$e'se#ès. l. Y&L$er &n! 'e c&n Un!ersL&n! JUr See#ins3 M&rLin. . e &re Hn!


4

[. mUsL Le## 'e ... JU R&nL &n! H_## eL iL.

Ex. ,?@. >nsert the necessary pronouns.. ... &cLr 'UsL #e&rn $is Rr!s XJ $e&rL. W. ... &cLr $&s & !iSSerenL 'eL$! S #e&rnin $is #ines. .hL$ XVs &re !. \U c&n $&è ... S L$e'. Z. H_è L & SeR Srien!s XUL ... #iès ne&rXJ. [. N$ere&re s$Os n ... si!es S L$e r&!. ^. ... OrSessin 'Usici&n $&s L Or&cLise reU#&r#J. a. fe O&inLe!seèr OicLUres in HLJ XUL ... S L$e' $&s Xeen SUn!. l. N$e fe&!'isLress sOVe L ... c$i#! in L$e

c#&ss in!iì!U#J. . heSre JU #e&è L$e c&c$3 O#e&se '&Ve sUre L$&L JU $&è ... JUr Xe#ninsRiL$ JU. d. ... 'J O&renLs &re sLi## RrVin. . ... S 'J O&renLs $&s eèr Xeen &Xr&!. W. $&! L$ec$ice S LR tXs XUL ... S L$e' re#J sUiLe! 'e. . e #Ve! in L$e #iXr&rJ &n! in L$e c&nLeen XULL$ere R&s n sin S Q&r#ine in ... O#&ce. Z. hen &n! P$&rn #Ve! &L ...c&reSU##J. ... $&! c$&ne! L. [. ... XV n L$e s$e#S R&s & !eLecLiè sLrJ. ... S L$e XVs R&s XJ &L$& Q$risLie. H #Ve! &LL$e' XUL ... &OOe&re! èrJ inLeresLin. ,@. Q$risL'&s is & $#i!&J L$&L &OOes L L$e c$i#! in ... S Us.

Ex. ,?A. Translate into English. z +90 (++*2 . W. | @)* C +-3 + +* 9*2 ,/. . C v ++. C v *+9. Z. @+ + 2/ /*2 . [. B9)+3 + *0 +92 )(+*2 22. C )* *;3 *+ *0 ( )A /u C = 9

+3 + ))* +)* ;. l. =*+-* 23 *3 w*+ 3 . . = (+)*+ +). @*+ (++. d. = ), (+)*+ +. . /0 ,0 0 )(/*+. W. ) * ,* )/. . ) * +2 (+)2 )/. Z. B 9?. Translate into English. D0 ) *, +2 *2+ (+) )3 *(2 0 03 *+ *0++2 (. W. |0 )*2) ) @.%omplete the sentences by using the right tense of the hints. $J &re JUr eJes re!u &. ce#eXr&Le s'eL$inW. N$e ViLc$en s'e##s S Sres$ X. #V Sr L$e O&ssOrL SrUiL.

c. e&L & M&rs X&r. $J is L$e c'OULer sRiLc$e! nu !. LV &XUL 'e &&inu

e. e&L $neJZ. \U XL$ #V UOseL. S. X&Ve & Oieu[. hen3 R$J &re JUr te&ns Lrnu . 'J !&U$Ler3 LrJ n

$. O#&J SLX#^. MJ c#L$es &re # n L$e Xe!. i. ~U&rre# &&ina. \Ur $&n!s &re in S#Ur. t. #V Sr L$e Orr&''el. $J $&è JU # S#en V. '&Ve & SrUiL s&! si#enLu

#. R&Lc$ Le#eìsin Sr $Urs. MJ Siners &re sLicVJ.,D. iLL#e b&ncJ_s S&ce is in s'eL$in XrRn. '. c#e&n L$e snR SS L$e !rsLeO,,. $J is JUr r' in sUc$ & 'essu,=. N$ere &re e'OLJ XLL#es &n! #&sses &n!O&cVeLs # èr L$e O#&ce.


6

,. M&rJ3 JUr $&n!s &re s c#!o

Ex =>A. Use the right form of the verbs in bracketsN&nJ&j mU#i&3 R$&L JU !u HL_s re&!J W.dd. ren_L Re in s$OOinumU#i&j H VnR3 XUL eèrJL$in L&Ves LRice &s #n L ! &s H exOecLe!. H $&è & #L S OrX#e's sinceH 'è inL L$is &O&rL'enL.Nj fR #n JU O&inL L$se &XirieLsu

mj H sL&rLe! &L l.dd L$is 'rnin.Nj \U 'e&n JU O&inL Sr six $Ursomj H re#J !n_L VnR R$&L H !. H neèr O&inL XeSre. hesi!es3 nL$in ri$L L!&J. N$e'&n Sr' L$e O$ne c'O&nJ sLi## nL crne. H R&iL Sr $i' # !&J.|j $&L_s L$&L sLr&ne nise H $e&rumj ]$3 L$&Lo N$&L_s L$e Li#eL. HL rUn #iVe L$&L since #&sL ni$L. n! L$e reSrier&Lr nL RrVOrOer#J since H 'è! in.Nj e##3 tUsL c# L$e sUOerinLen!enL L Six L$se L$ins.mj H !n_L VnR. M&JXe H '&Ve & 'isL&Ve. H L$inV L$ins èr #&Le#J. M&JXe H s$U#!n_L $&è'è! inL L$is &O&rL'enL. HL nee! L 'Uc$ RrV.Nj HL_s nL L$&L X&!. \Ur &O&rL'enL Ri## Xe re&L in & SeR ReeVs.mj M&JXe. ## H VnR is L$&L H $&è nL$in XUL $e&!&c$es eèr since H 'è! in.

Nj hUL !n_L SreL L$&L JU $&è & #L S SUn3 L.

Ex. =>2.&nswer the $uestions. f&è JU '&!e &nJ c$&ne in JUr #iSe recenL#Ju $&L $&è JU Xeen !in since L$&L c$&ne LVO#&ceuW. Q$se & Oersn L$&L JU VnR R$se #iSe


6

Ex. =?D. *ive the 8ast Simple of the following verbs.he3 Xe&r3 Xein3 Xec'e3 Xrin3 XUJ3 Xr&!c&sL3 cUL3 !3 e&L3 S#3 See#3 Sin!3 SUn!3 iè3 3 $&è3 re&!3rise3 seL3 s$ine3 sin3 sLriVe3 sLrVe3 sRin3 sOrin3 L$rR3 Re&r3 Rin3 RriLe.

Ex.=?,. ake the following sentences interrogative and negative.. e RenL Sr & sLr## !Rn "#O$&XeL PLreeL" L %iner PLreeL. W. Hn L$e [ds3 Le#eìsin cUL !eeO#JinL L$e 'ìe


6

Lrie! L$e VeJ &n! cU#!n_L eL in. geikin $is 'isL&Ve3 $e se&rc$e! in $is OcVeLs Sr L$e s#iO S O&OerRiL$ L$e neR &!!ress3 XUL S cUrse L$ere R&s n sin S iL. P $e R&n!ere! n L$e sLreeL &n!sLOOe! L$e SirsL re&sn&X#e


6

'e $neJ.". H #Ve! &L 'J 'L$er &n!3 &n! see L$e Le&rs risin in $er eJes. P$e OUs$ L$e' X&cV3 &n! L&Ve& !eeO Xre&L$. "M&i3 JU Xe re#J # ri$Lu H See# L$&L JU OUs$ 'e &R&J recenL#J. \U nL s&J &Rr! since Xe $ere. \U See# & XiL XeLLer3 !&r#inu Ne## 'e L$e LrUL$." "\es3 H ! Sine3" H #ie. SeR!&Js &SLer L$&L `isiL S 'J 'L$er_s3 H S# inL & !eeO !eOressin. H See# #isL#ess3 RiL$UL enerJ. H Xe$e#O#ess3 'sL &n in`i!.

Ex. =?4. Translate into English.. y*+ )+)2 ++ + /. W. C + 0 (0 )**)2u C y*+ ,0+ (++ + +++ / /- 8). . v /+ - ;3 ) ,0+ ;+++. Z.z+++)+ +)+ D+)+)- )** aW[ +. [. D0 (+) w* ,+ ) )+2+ * /. ^. D; 0* @0 /. a. D+- ,*+) [ +. l. 5+ ,0 /(: (0- )(* }u . = )+ +(+)- / *2 * /. d. C |0 ,0 )**u C v ,0 * ) *;(+3 ) (+)- w/. . C +0 *+ )*+ +923 ( u C 83+ (+3 *+ /)2 + * +92. W. @ (++- )20- )3 0 + )/ +*0*2 2 9. . C 5*+ ;+ / (+(u C D )w*+. Z. C 5*+ ))/ *, w* ++)*u C @*+. ) 9 ; /. [.Cv 93 *+ *0()* ,23 *+ * )++ (+,/)2. 5+ *0 w*+ )u 5*++-++ *. a. @+A )*( +*3 +*+++ + 9 ) 9/2. l. = (+) >(*23 +*++ *+2+ *+ (. =+ ,0+ )+ . . + /*2+(;+. ?, ) * ,+ 2. d. 7,+ (+(+) ) ()+*2)3 * + *+2+ *+ ) )*0. . 5+ + +*3 ) / + +>) (+9+)3 *+)+, )9 +3 +*+0 + ,+* ) 0;+0.

Ex. =2. Explain the difference between the following pairs of sentences.. &. $en H #&sL RenL L n!n3 L$eJ $&! ren`&Le! L$e b&Lin KrLr&iL %#erJ.X. $en H #&sL RenL L n!n3 L$eJ $&! Xeen ren`&Lin L$e b&Lin KrLr&iL %#erJ.W. &. #L$U$ s$e Lrie! L $i!e $er S&ce3 Re cU#! see L$&L qicVJ R&s crJin.X. #L$U$ s$e Lrie! L &OO#J s'e '&Ve


7

. \U_## Sin! L$e Si## &s sn &sW. Ri## Xe#ie`e JU &SLer JU. N$e secreL&rJ Ri## re'in! in c&seZ. nn_s 'L$er !esn_L #R $er L Re&r '&Ve


7

. ) +-+A. d. ?/ *+- 0, )+0+ ,* )*23 ) )+A ,* )*23(*A0 ,* (*2. ) (*A0 ,* (*23 ,* ))*0. ) + ,* ))*3 ,* )0 ,/9/0o

Ex. =24. %omment on the use of the tenses in the following sentences. e_## ! L$&L nce JU_è '&!e JUr Sin !ecisin. W. Q$&r#es c&n L&Ve L$e #U&e L L$e

&O&rL'enL3 &SLer $e_s !rOOe! Us SS. . ]nce L$e R&iLer $&s !is&OOe&re!3 Re_## !iscUss L$is OrX#e'.Z. bexL ReeV is & XiL LU$ Sr 'e. H_' !Ue in K&ris sn3 in c&se JU_è SrLLen. [. s sn &s JU$&è seen $er3 c'e &n! Le## 'e. ^. H_## RriLe L JU &SLer H $&è sOVen L Yre!ericV. a. SLer ger$&s RriLLen L$is XV3 $e_s $&ìn & $#i!&J. l. \U c&n R$en JU_è LJOe! L$ese #eLLers. . Rn_LL&Ve &nJ !ecisin XeSre H $&è receiè! L$e S&x Sr' L$e $e&! SSice.

Ex. =4D. Translate into English. D0 (+ *,3 +++-3 *+2+ (+) *++3 *0 ))92 (. W. = )9*) ) (+) *++3 (+* (+) 0. . v ))9 *, )3 (+ *++*3 *+* )-3 ) *0 /,0. ^. ++,: 3 *+2+ /2 /2**0

w/+. a. D ) (+-* (+ *+ A3 (9 *0 +*+2 +*. l. = /+*+*3 (9 )*(* /. . D0 +90 0*2 )*+3 (9 (* +)*.

E. =4,. Translate into English. 9 0 +)+/* w*+3 * 9 0)**. W. 9 0 )* / )*+3/23 (+/+2* (+/*2 +. . @ -* )*3 (9 *))(*2. Z. C - ,* A*2 * +3 + + /+* )**. C +)23)+9* + )*2 w*+ +3 ) + 0-* /93 (+*) ,+. [.D+92 )+**2 */+ (+) *++3 ,2 )+ +*. . 5+ 2 3)9 3 *+ + ) : +9 2. 9 *93 *+ *))23 +

9 + ; *. a. 5 *+2+ ** (+* +(+*: )3 + )9*)) 3 )* 7)+. @+ ;+*+)2 ,0 *9 /*23 (+* + (+ )+,+

)+; -)*;. l. @*+ +9* ()/*23 + w*+* + (+*). @+ *+2+ + (+*)3 ) * ,+**2 ) ++- w- LRice &s $&r!.

!he #+&+re Progressi6eEx =4=. Read and translate the sentences %omment on the use of the Cuture 8rogressive. \U_## $&è L &!! &nL$er cUO &n! s&Ucer n L$e Lr&J3 K&rVJ. Srien! S Mrs. pesRicV_s $&s tUsL&rriè!. P$e_## Xe $&ìn Le& RiL$ Us. W. H_! XeLLer eL JU $'e3 N$e!r& !&r#in. \Ur &UnL Ri## XeRrrJin &n! Rn!erin R$ere JU &re. . %!XJe. \U Rn_L Xe seein 'e Sr & #n Li'e. Z. C$J 'UsL H L&Ve & XV &n! & O&cVe! #Unc$u C \U_## Xe siLLin n L$e Lr&in Sr $Urs. [. $i#e JU&re s#icin L$e c$eese3 H Ri## Xe XULLerin L$e Xre&!. ^. e_## Xe &rriìn &L Mi&'i &irOrL &L ex&cL#J L$isLi'e L'rrR 'rnin. a. bexL PUn!&J3 L$e Kri'e MinisLer Ri## Xe ce#eXr&Lin Len Je&rs in ORer. l.$eneèr H L$inV S JU3 H Ri## Xe re'e'Xerin L$e s$&!R S JUr s'i#e. . n! JU3 E!Rin3 Ri## Xe!in 'e & re&L serìce iS JU eL 'e L$e s'e##in sLs Sr' 'J Xe!r'. d. i## JU Xe Re&rinJUr neR e&rrins Lni$Lu . Min!3 H s$# Xe VeeOin & èrJ c&reSU# eJe n JU Sr' nR no W.P$e_## Xe sn c'in rUn! L$e 'UnL&inso 'about the first train). . Hn L$e nexL SeR 'inULes Re s$#Xe crssin L$e he#i&n Xr!er.

Ex. =4. Translate into English.H. )+- ):- A 0- ,* ++*2 + );)*)*0; ; w*+-+,)*. W. @ +-)3 ,* (++*2 +/+0*2 . . C @ ()*3*+ ,* ++*2 +,+ (+) w*++ ). C ?* )(**23 (+*+ -*+ * /+++. Z. @) ,* D+) )*. D0 , +)**2 +)*. Read6 translate and learn the song in bold type.bR3 in L$e $# S#&Le! L$e S&'i#i&r ìce S qer& Jnn3 sinin ne S L$e 'sL OOU#&r &n!senLi'enL sns S L$e R&r Je&rs. N$e #i$Ls Rere èrJ !i' in L$e r'3 &n! n L$e !&nce S#r L$e&L'sO$ere R&s $i$#J cn!Uciè L r'&nce3 &n! OerSecL Sr JUn #èrs c&U$L UO in L$e Se&rs &n!!&ners &n! Lensins S R&r. M&rV LV Ne!!J in $is &r's &n! L$eJ 'è! s#R#J &rUn! L$e r' LL$e 'Usic3 $#!in e&c$ L$er Li$L#J3 Ne!!J s&n sSL#J3 in & #R ìce L$&L n#J M&rV cU#! $e&rj " 'll


7

!he #+&+re Per*ec& Progressi6eEx. =42. Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the use of the Cuture 8erfect 8rogressive.. bexL Je&r H Ri## $&è Xeen #iìn in MscR Sr L$irLJ Je&rs. W. bexL 'nL$ Re s$# $&è Rne! L$is$Use Sr Len Je&rs. . $en $e is SrLJ3 $e Ri## $&è Xeen #e&rnin En#is$ Sr LRenLJ Siè Je&rs. Z. hJL$e Li'e L$e '&n&er LUrns UO3 L$e cUsL'ers Ri## $&è Xeen R&iLin Sr $i' Sr seèr $Urs. [. fec'O#&ins L$&L XJ M&J $e Ri## $&è Xeen re&!in "&r &n! Ke&ce" Sr Siè 'nL$s. ^. s$# $&è

Xeen sL&Jin $ere tUsL & Je&r L$is mU#J.

Ex. =44. Translate into English.. 5 (+ )*, w*++ + 9 )*2 * , ,+**2 w*+ )**. W. ,* +3 + 9*0. . 5 *+ 3 *0 (+)2) /* *+3 0 9 * ), **2 +(+-. Z. 5 ,* (*2 *3 + +* w* . [. = ,*w)(*+*2 w*+- +,)* 9 ++ * +A *0)*. ^. 5 *+ 3 (* (+A3 ** 9 ) ,* /*2 )*+ (+))*.b. DD.Read the sentences and comment on the ways future 7actions can be expressed.. N$eir O#&ne &rriès &L LR _c#cV in L$e 'rnin. W. H_' &R&J n $#i!&J nexL ReeV. . N$e sUn rises&L [.d L'rrR. Z. P$e_s '&Vin & sOeec$ &L L$e cnSerence nexL ReeV. [. H_' in L LRn nexL

ReeV. ^. L$inV iL_s in L r&in. a. #isn is in L enLer L$e UnièrsiLJ L$is Je&r. l. N$is P&LUr!&Jbr& Ri## Xe ce#eXr&Lin $er XirL$!&J. . e &re L 'eeL &SLer #Unc$. d. fe is L Xe in cUrL L'rrR'rnin. . $ is in L Xe L$e nexL L L&Ve L$e S#ru W. N$e neR L&x is L Xe inLr!Uce! nexLReeV.

!es& Yo+r !ensesEx. D,.

Nq crresOn!enL is inLerìeRin & S&'Us R'&n &UL$r 3 $ is ei$LJ


7

\U_re UL S Xre&L$. ... u &. re JU rUnnin X. f&è JU rUn c. f&è JU Xeen rUnnin [. $ere_sL$e #eLLer H &è JUu $&L ... RiL$ iLu &. $&è JU !ne X. $&è JU Xeen !in c. &re JU !in .e_re ! Srien!s. e ... e&c$ L$er Sr & #n Li'e3 &. VnR X. $&è VnRn c. VneR a. Pin!J $&sXeen RriLin L$is Orr&''e... . &. Sr & 'nL$ X. since six 'nL$s c. six 'nL$s & l. "... L$isReeVu" "b3 $e_s n $#i!&J." &. Hs hi## RrVin X. Ies hi## RrV c. Ies RrV hi## . m$n ... Lennisnce r LRice & ReeV. &. is O#&Jin UsU#J X. is UsU#J O#&Jin c. UsU#J O#&Js d. fR ... nRuheLLer L$&n XeSreu &. JU &re See#in X. ! JU See# c. &re JU See#in . Nr&ceJ ... $er $&n! R$en

s$e R&s cVin !inner3 &. XUrnL X. R&s XUrnin c. $&s XUrnL

Ex D.&. Read6 translate and retell the textH RVe! $'e Sr' sc$# RiL$ heL$ nn. heL$ nn h&rLe#s is 'J XesL Srien!3 H Uess. e_re èrJ!iSSerenL3 XUL Re $&è Xeen Srien!s3 RiL$ n Si$Ls3 since L$e SUrL$ r&!e. H Le## $er tUsL &XULeèrJL$in3 &n! s$e Le##s 'e everything6 eèn L$ins H ! nL R&nL L VnR3 #iVe R$&L s$e &Le SrXre&VS&sL &n! R$&L $er S&L$er Re&rs L Xe! &n! $R 'Uc$ $er neR sRe&Ler csLs. P'eLi'es L$ins#iVe L$&L &re tUsL nL inLeresLin.H R&Js sLO &L heL$ nn_s $Use Sr & #iLL#e R$i#e XeSre H $'e. e $&è L$is #iLL#e rULine. e in &n! L$e $Use is s ~UieL3 nL &L # #iVe 'J $Use R$ic$ is & c'O#eLe k &L &nJ $Ur S !&J rni$L. fer $Use is s R&Js i''&cU#&Le#J c#e&n3 &s iS s'ene $&! tUsL r&ce! L$rU$ RiL$ &!UsLer &n! & `&cUU' c#e&ner r &s iS n ne re#J #iè! L$ere. ]Ur $Use R&Js $&s OeO#e_s c#L$es

#Jin # èr scVs n L$e sLere3 t&cVeLs n L$e ViLc$en L&X#e3 eèrJne_s O&Oers &n! XVs c#U'Oe!in Oi#es n c$&irs &n! cUnLers. P3 H #iVe L sLO &L heL$ nn_s $Use XeSre H $'e.heL$ nn_s O&renLs XL$ RrV &n! s !es $er e#!er sisLer mU!J3 s Re $&è L$e $Use L Urse#ès.e R&Js inL L$e ViLc$en &n! H siL &L L$e L&X#e R$i#e heL$ nn L&Ves UL & XLL#e S Qc& Q#& &n!& X& S OL&L c$iOs. Hn Ur $Use3 sLUSS #iVe L$&L RU#! !is&OOe&r in &XUL Len 'inULes.

SLer &XUL & $S


7

ncnsciUs#J3 &n! èrJ SLen RiL$UL Un!ersL&n!in R$&L L$eJ &re !in3 s'e c$i#!ren c&n XeLerriX#J crUe#3 &n! iL R&Js '&Ves 'e SUriUs R$en H see L$e' $UrLin s'#3 !eSense#ess &ni's3OU##in Rins SS XULLerS#ies3 rin!in L$eir $ee#s inL e&rL$Rr's &n! sn&i#s3 L$rRin sLnes &L Xir!s. H'&!e UO 'J 'in! #n XeSre L$e LRins Rere Xrn L$&L n c$i#! S 'ine RU#! eèr inS#icL O&in n &nJ#iìn L$in.H &' exLre'e#J O&rLi L L$e #! sLneR# OrOerLJ3 'sL#J Xec&Use iL is $'e Sr & nU'Xer S s'#cre&LUres. H VnR Sr & S&cL L$&L LR c$iO'UnVs #iè insi!e iL3 &s Re## &s & X&XJ r&XXiL &n! & X#&cV

sn&Ve. #L$U$ H VnR L$e c$iO'UnVs Re## &n! $&è sOLLe! L$e XUnnJ Sr' Li'e L Li'e3 H $&èneèr &cLU#J seen L$e sn&Ve. hUL Ur &r!ener3 nn&3 $&s3 &n! s $&è L$e LRins. L #e&sL3 L$is isR$&L L$eJ c#&i'3 'sL `ciSerUs#J. N '&Ve n&LUre 're Oersn L Xrin iL c#ser L L$e'3 H inènLe!sLries &XUL Ur #iLL#e Srien!s R$ in$&XiL L$e &r!en R#. H Le## m&'ie &n! iss& Les &XUL #ernn3L$e Srien!#J X#&cV sn&Ve3 R$ $&s & Re&Vness aaSr c$c#&Le


80

/)*0 ; )+* /0*)j 5++ +3 )A3 30- +-.

Ex D2. Use the right term of the verbs in bracketsH. f&rrJ R&Ve e&r#J n P&LUr!&J 'rnin &n! #ie Sr & R$i#e L$inVin &XUL L$e c'in '&Lc$. feXe ner`Us since Mn!&J3 '&in#J &L L$e L$U$L S R$&L ! s&J iS L$e Le&' #se. fe ne`erR&nL L Xe&L P#JL$erin s X&!#J. fe eL UO3 !ress3 &n! !Rn L Xre&VS&sL e&r#J3 R$ere $e

Sin! L$e resL S L$e Le&'. N$eJ siL &L L$e #n3 e'OLJ L&X#e. bX!J LV.HH. ReeV #&Ler3 f&rrJ3 Pn&Oe &n! gn RV &crss L$e EnLr&nce f# R$en L$eJ see & s'# VnL SOeO#e R$ &L$er &rUn! L$e nLice


81

Z. n #! R'&n Sr' L$e cUnLrJ is ìsiLin L$e Xi ciLJ Sr L$e SirsL Li'e in $er #iSe. P$e c$ecVs in &L &s'&rL $Le# &n! #eLs L$e Xe##XJ L&Ve $er X&s. P$e S##Rs $i' XUL &s L$e !r c#ses3 $er S&ce S#s."\Un '&n3" s$e s&Js &nri#J. "H '&J Xe #! &n! sLr&i$L Sr' L$e $i##s3 XUL H &in_L sLUOi!. H O&i! !'neJ &n! L$is r' Rn_L ! &L #. HL_s s$rL S R$&L H exOecLe!. HL_s L s'# &n! L$ere_s n OrOerènLi#&Lin. $J3 L$ere_s nL eèn & Xe!o""M&_&'3" reO#ies L$e Xe##XJ3 "L$is isn_L JUr r'. HL_s L$e e#e`&Lro"

Ex. ,. Read and translate the sentences %omment on the use of the Cuture in the 8ast. fe VneR L$&L L$eir O&L$s RU#! crss &&in. W. E''& $Oe! L$&L L$e X&XJ RU#! Xe & ir#. .Or'ise! E!Rin& H RU#! $e#O $er L !ress L$e Lree. Z. H VneR JU RU#! ! L$e ri$L L$in. H LrUsLe!JU. [. M&ie R&s & Vin! S R'&n & '&n RU#!n_L #V &L LRice. ^. n! $e SLen L$U$L L$&L iS $eR&s #UcVJ $e RU#! 'eeL &nL$er R'&n ne !&J &n! S# in #è. fe RU#! eL '&rrie! &&in. n!$OeSU##J L$ere RU#! Xe & RiSe3 & $'e3 & S&'i#J3 &n! $is Rn XUsiness. a. fe VneR L$&L RiL$ Yr&nV inqenice3 Sr & SeR !&Js $e RU#! Xe &X#e L s$&Ve $is !eOressin3 &n! rec$&re $is X&LLeriesc'O#eLe#J. l. N$e VnR#e!e L$&L s$e RU#! $&è L #e&è $i' R&s &n &nJ. P$e Or&Je! L %!eèrJ ni$L L$&L Pii RU#! sUccee! in eLLin L$e c$i#! UL S %er'&nJ.

Ex. ,>. %hange the sentences into indirect speech Use the verbs in brackets. P'i#e3 &n! s&J Q$eeseo &sV W. bR L$en3 !&r#in3 !n_L crJo Xe . beèr LrUsL & sLr&nero

&!ìse Z. Yreekeo Iis'isso c''&n! [. beèr3 neèr &nsRer 'e X&cVo r!er ^. In_L #eL_s sL&n!$ere in L$e 'i!!#e S L$e r&!3 SSer a. ]Oen JUr 'UL$ Ri!e &n! s&J go &sV lWl. In_L c$e&L #iVe & crV3 R&rn . In_L OU## L$e c&L_s L&i#o fe '&J scr&Lc$ JU. r!er d. M&Ve$&sLe s#R#J3 &!ìse . ge#&x3 iL_s nL L$e en! S L$e Rr#!3 rec''en! W. bR !n_L eL 'eRrn3 R&rn . beèr s&J "neèr"3 &!ìse Z. e#c'e L mUr&ssic K&rV3 inìLe

Ex ,?. %hange the sentences into indirect speech. cnSess L$&L H_' & s$O&$#ic. W. eL 'e Le## JU L$&L eèrJ Li'e H see JU3 H_' s$inin #iVe & c&n!#ein L$e ni$L. . fe is LerriX#J srrJ Sr L$e L$ins $e $&s !ne. Z. HL_s & Xe&ULiSU# Sis$3 Re s$# #eL iL . [.H_' srrJ L s&J L$&L H !n_L Xe#ieè JU &n! H neèr Ri##. ^. N$e insOecLr RrVe! $&r!3 XUL iL !i!n_L eL$i' &nJR$ere. a. N$is Si#' is & RrV S SicLin. l. Q&n JU Viss 'e !XJeu . e &re $&ìn & èrJ#&kJ Li'e. d. I&ì! s&R & S#Jin s&Ucer #&sL sU''er. . C H $&è & c$rnic $e&!&c$e. MJ r&nis'

nee!s & O&inVi##er. C N&Ve L$is Oi##. HL Ri## $&è &n i''e!i&Le eSSecL. N$U$ iL '&J $&è s'e si!eeSSecLs &s Re##.

Ex ,@. Retell the following okes in indirect speech. IenLisLj PLO scre&'ino H $&èn_L LUc$e! JUr LL$ JeL.h&rrJj H VnR3 XUL JU_re sL&n!in n 'J SL.W. $&L &re LR re&sns R$J 'en !n_L 'in! L$eir Rn XUsinessu . n 'in! W. n XUsiness.. hi##j $J L$e #U' #VuPL&nj H tUsL !n_L Un!ersL&n! L!&J_s Rr#!. MJ sn Re&rs &n e&rrin. MJ !&U$Ler $&s & L&LL. MJRiSe '&Ves LRice R$&L H !.hi##j P R$&L &re JU in L !uPL&nj H_' in $'e L 'J S&L$er.

Z. $en $e SUn! & six


82

Ex. ,A. Read and translate the sentences. %omment on the se$uence of tenses in them.. ]Ur %er&O$J Le&c$er L#! Us &L L$e #&sL #essn L$&L L$ere &ren_L &nJ UnVnRn is#&n!s #eSL n L$eE&rL$. W. MJ %r&n!'L$er Use! L s&J L$&L L&sLes !iSSer &n! L$&L H s$U#!n_L Xe s c$sJ. . In_L#e&`e3 p&LJ&. nn s&i! L$&L Re_## Xe $&`in Le& sn. Z. Me#&nie s&i! s$e $&!n_L 'eL E!!ie since s$e$&! #eSL L$e LRn. [. reO#ie! L$&L s$e s$U#! nL Xe s nisJ. ^. hrUn re'&rVe! L$&L R$en $e c&'ein3 PnJ& R&s crJin. a. P$e nLice! L$&L L$e c$i#! U$L L Xe 're Re##


83

!HE P""'E O'$EEx.=,. %hange the sentences from active to passive. N$e Le&c$er exO#&ins L$e neR rU#e. W. N$e Le&c$er is exO#&inin L$e neR rU#e. . N$e Le&c$er $&sexO#&ine! L$e neR rU#e. Z. N$e Le&c$er exO#&ine! L$e neR rU#e. [. N$e Le&c$er R&s exO#&inin L$eneR rU#e. ^. N$e Le&c$er $&! exO#&ine! L$e neR rU#e. a. N$e Le&c$er is in L exO#&in L$e neR rU#e.l. N$e Le&c$er Ri## exO#&in L$e neR rU#e. . N$e Le&c$er c&n exO#&in L$e neR rU#e. d. N$e Le&c$ers$U#! exO#&in L$e neR rU#e. . N$e Le&c$er U$L L exO#&in L$e neR rU#e. W. N$e Le&c$er 'UsL

exO#&in L$e neR rU#e. . N$e Le&c$er $&s L exO#&in L$e neR rU#e. Z. N$e Le&c$er '&J exO#&in L$eneR rU#e. [. N$e Le&c$er 'i$L exO#&in L$e neR rU#e.

Ex ==.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.. N$is Orr&' rUn XJ èrJ ! '&n&ers. W. N$ese RrVers UsU#J O&J 'nL$#J. . N$e OUX#icnL #R L !riè n L$e O&rV r&!s. Z. N$is ciLJ X'X $e&ì#J in L$e R&r. [. N$e e!iLri sL&SS c#L L$e cnSerence r'. ^. Ni' sLU!ies $&r!. fe $Oes $e iè L$e $i$esL r&!es L$is se'esLer. a.N$e #sL c$i#!ren tUsL Sin! in L$e O&rV. l. N$e neR c'OULer sJsLe' insL# &L L$e ''enL. .Le&c$ L O#&J c$ess XJ L$e Li'e H R&s SUr. d. fe R&s eLLin L$e XesL c&re &n! Lre&L'enL in L$e$sOiL &n! $e 'niLr ni$L &n! !&J. . HS # L$e 'neJ in L$e Rr#! c##ecL &n! !iì!e e~U#J&'n # L$e OeO#e #iìn n L$e E&rL$3 e&c$ S Us iè L$ree 'i##in !##&rs. W. In_L RrrJo hJ L$eLi'e Re 'eeL &&in3 # JUr OrX#e's s#è. . e Le## L$&L L$e ex&cL !&Js Sr L$e LVs nL seLJeL. Z. HL !eci!e #&sL ReeV L$&L L$is nè# Le#eìse. [. $e ]#J'Oic Lrc$ O&ss Sr' ne rUnner LL$e nexL ne.

Ex =.&. Read the following text and learn it by heart.$en O&cV&es don& arri6e on &ime L$ins c&n_L eL !ne3 OeO#e R&iL3 c#ienLs #e&è3 r!ers eLX&cVe! UO3 tXs eL #sL3 Xsses eL &nrJ3 OeO#e &re !is&OOinLe!3 sLres c&n_L Oen3 S&cLries s$UL!Rn3 'neJ eLs #sL3 'eeLins &re 'isse!3 cnSerences &re c&nce##e!3 XUsinesses c&n_L Oen3X#! OressUre es UO3 OeO#e c&n_L RrV3 Or'ises &re XrVen3 LrUsL is #sL3 OOrLUniLies &re'isse!3 !es &ren_L '&!e3 Lr&ns&cLins neèr $&OOen3 i!e&s &ren_L s$&re!3 Or!UcLs !n_L eL '&!e3inSr'&Lin is 'isse!3 &n! L$e Oersn R$ Use! L$e s$iOOin c'O&nJ L$&L 'esse! iL UO #Vs re#Jre#J re#J X&!. $en O&cV&es ! &rriè n Li'e L$e Rr#! RrVs tUsL Sine.4. Say what happens to you if you are not on time.

Ex. =>. %hange the sentences from active to passive if possible. IcLrs Use L$is 'e!icine Ri!e#J. W. N$eJ !e#ièr 'i#V XeSre l &.'. . $en H c&'e L L$e serìcesL&Lin3 L$eJ Rere sLi## reO&irin 'J c&r. Z. m&cV RVe! L sc$# JesLer!&J. [. In_L RrrJ3 Ur OeO#eRi## 'eeL L$e rUO &L L$e &irOrL. ^. N$is '&n is insL#in & neR xerx in L$e SSice. a. e sL&Je! in &L$ree


84

L$e Hn!ex3 R$ic$ iL $Oe Ri## '&Ve L$e XV & UseSU# RrV S reSerence. N$e RriLer is S L$e OininL$&L L$e XesL resU#Ls &c$ieè iS iL Use XJ L$e sLU!enLs XL$ &s & LexL XV &n! &s & XV SreSerence.

Ex =@.%hange the sentences from active to passive. Remember [ only one passive construction ispossible with these verbs. HS JU R&nL3 H_## !icL&Le L$e &!!ress L JU. W. N$e cUsL'er reOe&Le! $is re~UesL seèr Li'es. . Hn

$is sOeec$ L$e #ecLUrer 'enLine! s'e $isLric !&Les. Z. N$e cUnci# OinLe! UL s'e s$rLc'insin L$e OrtecL. [. N$e c#ienL exO#&ine! $is Ler's c#e&r#J. ^. P#J !escriXe! # L$e !eL&i#s S L$e inci!enLìì!#J. a. N$e c$ieS &nnUnce! L$e ! neRs L eèrJX!J_s !e#i$L. l. N$e #&RJer sUesLe! L$eneR sLr&LeJ. . P$e OinLe! UL L$e 'isL&Ve L Us. d. N$e3 O#ice'&n reOe&Le! $is r!ers seèrLi'es. . \U Rn_L eL #sL. e_## !escriXe # L$e !irecLins L$rU$#J. W. H_## OinL $i' UL L JU.

Ex =A.Translate into English.. @ +,)3 ,+** ((*. W. + * ;+++ +()3 *+ 0 )/ (+3 *+w*+ +. . )2+ ,0+ (+*++ (+ *>+. Z. =, w*+ /+ >/ 2(+3 + ,0 +,) )**. [. |, ++A ,* /() ) *++**+.

Ex. =2. Read the dialogue6 paying special attention to the forms of the verbs in bold type &nswer the$uestions given after itbin&j $&L_s Rrn3 EUeneu \U #V UOseL.EUenej \U VnR H -as hired O&rL


85

Ri#!#iSe Sr' exLincLin. [. N$eJ '&J e&si#J S# JU.

Ex D.&sk $uestions indicated in the brackets. PUc$ e~UiO'enL is s#! in sOeci s$Os3 in R$&L s$Osu W. N$ese Si#es 'UsL Xe reLUrne! in LR$Urs3 R$enu . N$is OicLUre #erJ R&s !esLrJe! XJ L$e Sire. $Ru Z. N$is RrV c&n Xe !ne inLR !&Js3 in $R '&nJ !&Jsu [. N$e 'neJ Ri## Xe sOenL n 'e!icine3 n R$&Lu ^. PUc$ ~UesLins&re SLen &sVe! XJ c$i#!ren3 XJ R$'u a. N$e OsL Ri## Xe !e#ière! &L a _c#cV3 R$enu l. beR

rses $&è Xeen O#&nLe! in $er &r!en3 R$&Lu . N$e Le#eO$ne R&s inènLe! XJ #ex&n!er %r&$&'he##3 R$u d. gice is rRn in '&nJ cUnLries3 R$ereu . neR $Use is Xein XUi#L n E#'PLreeL3 R$&Lu W. N$is reOrL 'UsL Xe sine! XJ Mr. f&r!J3 R$u . N$ese !&L& Ri## $&è Xeenc##ecLe! XJ L$e en! S L$e Je&r3 XJ R$&L Li'eu

Ex ,.%hange the sentences from active to passive. N$eJ SSere! 'e L$e `&c&ncJ. W. N$e Xss $&s ièn Us # L$e insLrUcLins. . e s$Re! L$e ir#sUr XUJs. Z. Y&L$er Or'ise! Ne! & neR sV&LeX&r!. [. P'eX!J L#! $i' L$e LrUL$. ^. N$e '&n&ersenL L$e' L$e S&x #&sL ni$L. a. hen SSere! L$e Se##R & Xeer. l. N$e exOerL rec''en!e! L$e c#ienLseèr s#ULins L L$e OrX#e'. . %r&n!'L$er &è 'e & Rn!erSU# cVerJ XV. d. ]Ur O&rLnersOr'ise! Us sUOOrL &n! Un!ersL&n!in. . N$e O#ice'en s$Re! Us L$e R&J L L$e NRer. W. N$eJO&i! $i' & OreLLJ sU' S 'neJ. . N$eJ Si##e! L$e #&sses &n! '&!e &nL$er L&sL. Z. N$eJ LV

L$ese ex&'O#es Sr' #iLer&LUre.

Ex. =. Translate into English. ,0 +)+ *+ aW[ +. W. ) 9 >+A+,0+ (+)0*) w*++- (+*+-. . ++ P21001M31 (*) ) \0]. Z. F)*2)A )()* + +,)2 )*+- A. [. 5+ ) ,0 ()*03 *++/+)23 *+ ++- ;*+. ^. (*) (+(0* +)+,+*2 /+9+. a.|+0 A>0 (+ *+ ,0 +(,+0. l. ,0 ;+++ /,*0. . D)++,: +, w*+ 2 . d. ,* +,93 *+ + )-> ,0 /. .) +- ((* 0,* +3 *+ ) ,* 0. W. 82 *+- 0 9 )+. |0 )+,2) +*+*2u . D0 )*+3 *+ / )*.Z. = )23 *+ ,* (0 9. [. ) *+


86

Ex >.%hange the sentences from active to passive. K$i#sO$ers èrJ SLen reSer L L$&L ~UL&Lin. W. f&è JU senL Sr L$e !cLr JeLu . N$eJsOVe L 'e RiL$ re&L sUsOecL. Z. POeciisLs reU#&r#J reSer L L$is O$en'en&. [. H_## LrJ3 XUL H!n_L L$inV L$eJ Ri## #isLen L 'e. ^. In_L OUL n L$is $&L r OeO#e Ri## #&U$ &L JU. a. fe #sLsi$L S $er in L$e crR!. l. N$e ex&'iner LV n nLice S $er s#iO S L$e LnUe. . mU#i&_sXJSrien! R&Js R&iLs Sr $er &SLer sLU!ies. d. N$e sUren is Oer&Lin n L$e XJ nR. .KeO#e sOe&V & #L &XUL L$e #&LesL eènLs. W. In_L RrrJ. H_## #V &SLer JUr $Use O#&nLsOrOer#J R$i#e JU_re &R&J. . N$eJ $Oe! L$eir re#&Lins RU#! L&Ve ! c&re S L$e Vi!s.

Ex ?.Translate into English. C +A 0/u C 0/ )*2 * /. W. *+ / )) o|+2+ + ++3 *+ *+,+- ,* )*2). . @ )+2 6+, )*+))0*). Z. +>))+ ,0 3 *+ A + ) (++)*+ ,* *2+)*2. [. = (+) +>)* ++ ++*. ^. 6+++ / 2+()** *)+ )u a. ,0 +(0. ) ++. l. ) / + (+)*2 )-) 93 + ,* /)2 23 / ).. @ + * ) )*). d. 5 :*3 + (+ ,/)(+. .

(+++3 + ) (+. W. = )*) (+/)* (*3 + + (+)*+ /*.

Ex @.Use the right form of the verbs in brackets. N$e SirsL se#S serìce rceries Oen in 'eric& in W. W. ]$3 no MJ c&r o . N&VinO$Lr&O$s in L$e 'UseU' SrXi!. Z. Q$i#!ren s$U#! see XUL nL $e&r. [. Mi#V se## SLenin c&rLns. ^. EnerJ cU#! s&è iS OeO#e '&!e 're tUrneJs XJ XicJc#e. a. ]Ur Le&' n#JXe&L nce s S&r L$is Je&r. l. N$is O&inLin OrX&X#J O&inL XJ Ii. . P$e_s n#J crJinXec&Use s'e s&O RenL inL $er eJe R$i#e $er $&ir R&s$. d. neR Ui!eXV L L$e .p.RriLe &L L$e ''enL. . Hn s+'e cUnLries R'en sLi## !enJ L$e ri$L L `Le. W. N$is eènLnL SreL èrJ ~UicV#J. ^:. N$e `Les cUnL XJ 'i!ni$Lu Z. N$e U&r! nLice! &L nce L$&LL$e s&Se Xre&V inL. [. fe !i!n_L VnR R$ere $e L&Ve &L L$e ''enL.

Ex. A. Translate into English. 8**0 +0 ;+++ (+*). W. y* *2 ;+++ )**). . 8*-() +- )**. Z. ; )*2 ;+++ +*. [. F )*; L c' !Rn.^. y* + **). a. y*+ :)*+ ;+++ +*. l. 5>2 + +*). .y*+* )* )*) *. d. y* , )++ *). . |)*+;+++ (+*). W. + : (*). . y*+* ) ;+++ );+*). Z. y*+)*+ ;+++ (+*). [. }++*+ + (*). ^. y*+* * >+*)(+ .

Ex. 2. %hoose the correct form of the words in brackets

. M&nJ sLU!enLs &re inLeresLin3 inLeresLe! in L$e HnLerneL. W. bie#_s c#&sses &re R&JsinLeresLin3 inLeresLe!. . In_L XL$er L re&! L$&L XV. HL_s Xrin3 Xre!. Z. H_' Xrin3Xre!. fR &XUL in L & 'ìeu [. MsL c$i#!ren &re S&scin&Lin3 S&scin&Le! XJ &ni's.^. \Un c$i#!ren L$inV L$&L &ni's &re S&scin&Lin3 S&scin&Le!. a. R&s èrJ e'X&rr&ssin3e'X&rr&sse! XJ L$&L ~UesLin. l. N$&L R&s &n e'X&rr&ssin3 e'X&rr&sse! exOerience. . Hre&! & s$cVin3 s$cVe! reOrL JesLer!&J. H R&s re#J s$cVin3 s$cVe!. d. N$e c$i#!renRenL L & circUs. Yr L$e'3 L$e circUs R&s exciLin3 exciLe!. N$e exciLin3 exciLe! c$i#!rentU'Oe! UO &n! !Rn.

Ex. 4. Use the right form of the verbs in bracketsM&nJ c$&nes &re $&OOenin in e!Uc&Lin L!&J. Hn L$e Lr&!iLin c#&ssr'3 L$e Le&c$er is inc'O#eLe cnLr#. N$e Le&c$er !eci!es R$en L$e c#&ss Ri## sLU!J R$ic$ sUXtecL3 &n! # sLU!enLs

'UsL RrV n L$e s&'e sUXtecL &L L$e s&'e Li'e. bR&!&Js !eè#O'enLs in Lec$n#J Usein L$e c#&ssr'. Q$i#!ren Le&c$ M&L$e'&Lics RiL$ ccU#&Lrs. Ne#eìsin Use L Le&c$ X&sicge&!in &n! M&L$e'&Lics. N$e inS#Uence S ener c'OULerikin c&n_L èr#V eiL$er. Hn'&nJ sc$#s c'OULers exOeri'enL RiL$ in L$e c#&ssr'. N$eJ Use L help teach En#is$.


87

Hn '&nJ e#e'enL&rJ sc$#s c$i#!ren Le&c$ $R L re&! &n! RriLe n c'OULers.Hn s'e sc$#s3 & neR 'eL$! c#e! "L$e Oen c#&ssr'" &OO#J L$ese !&Js. Mre &n! 'resLU!enLs Oer'iL L c$se Sr L$e'se#ès R$ic$ sUXtecL L$eJ R&nL L RrV n &n! Sr $R#n. PLU!enLs c&n RrV XJ L$e'se#ès r in rUOs. Q$i#!ren &re UsU#J enL$Usi&sLic &XUL L$isneR 'eL$!3 XUL s'e O&renLs &re Xeinnin L $&è !UXLs. ccr!in L L$ese cncerne!O&LLerns3 L$e c$i#!ren iè L 'Uc$ Sree!' nR&!&Js3 nL enU$ Li'e sOen! n reRrV3 &n! L$e c$i#!ren nL Le&c$ L$e sUXtecLs L$&L &re 'sL i'OrL&nL. Hn s'e sc$#s L$&LexOeri'enLe! RiL$ L$e Oen c#&ssr' in L$e O&sL3 L$e Lr&!iLin 'eL$!s S Le&c$inreinsL&Le. nU'Xer S Je&rs &3 UnièrsiLies s exOeri'enLe! RiL$ Le#eìsin in c##ee #ecLUres.KrSessrs recr!e! L$eir #ecLUres n ì!eL&Oes3 R$ic$ #&Ler O#&J in c#&ss. N$e OrSessrsRere nL OresenL in L$e c#&ssr's. N$is neR 'eL$! Use R$en sLU!ies c&'e UL s$RinL$&L sLU!enLs Rere nL #e&rnin. ]ne OrSessr receiè! &n UnO#e&s&nL sUrOrise R$en $eenLere! $is c#&ssr'. fis #ecLUre s$R n Nq3 XUL n sLU!enLs Rere in L$e r'.

Ex. >D. Translate into English. B*3 )() ) +*+0 /. W. + 2/ (+2/+*2) w/;. . + (+)*++ ** / (+; 0. Z. C D )*. C 83

*+2+ *+ (+0. [. 8-* /*23 ) ;+**3 *+,0 ) )** w+(+*3 ^.**) * ;+++ )**). a. : )0 / 23 )2+ *). l.+ +,;++ +)*+*23 (+ )+ (+/+. . )+ )*+ )++.d. 8*- )* 9*2 * 93 /+)0;. . z,+*+- 2/ ,0+(+2/+*2) 3 - )* ++ +,++. W. ) ,+*0 ,*/+0 +A . . C |0 (+ +0; *>;u C = +*. Z.1)(*+ / )3 *+ ) +,;+0 0 9 ,0 (*0. [. 5 *+2+0 ,* (+03 ) (+>+* +, w*+. ^. y-> , ,0)(+*+ )+ y->. = ,0 )++9 ll +. +9+*2 / ,+- )* ++.

Ex. >,. Read the text and retell it

!he #o+nding o* 3edg-oodHL R&s in a[ L$&L msi&$

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Exercises in Modern English Grammar