Exploring the Nature Exploring the Nature of Matterof Matter

What is Matter?What is Matter?

Simply put, matter Simply put, matter is anything that is anything that occupies space and occupies space and has mass.has mass.

What is Matter?What is Matter?

More specifically, More specifically, matter is what matter is what molecules and molecules and atoms are made of.atoms are made of.

What We Know About Matter – What We Know About Matter – The Particle TheoryThe Particle Theory

The Particle Theory of Matter states:The Particle Theory of Matter states:– All matter is made up of very tiny All matter is made up of very tiny

particles.particles.– Each pure substance has its own type of Each pure substance has its own type of

particle.particle.– Particles attract one another.Particles attract one another.– Particles are always moving.Particles are always moving.– The higher the temperature the more The higher the temperature the more

movement.movement.

Particle Theory and States of Particle Theory and States of MatterMatter

There are three There are three states of matter:states of matter:– SolidSolid– LiquidLiquid– GasGas

The Particle Theory The Particle Theory can be used to can be used to explain how explain how particles behave in particles behave in each state.each state.

Other Classifications of Other Classifications of MatterMatter

Besides solid, liquid Besides solid, liquid and gas matter can and gas matter can classified in other classified in other way.way.

Matter can be Matter can be heterogeneous or heterogeneous or homogeneous.homogeneous.

Other Classifications of Other Classifications of MatterMatter

Matter can also be Matter can also be classified as a classified as a mixture or a pure mixture or a pure substance.substance.

Changes in MatterChanges in Matter

Matter has Matter has properties or properties or characteristics.characteristics.

Water as a solid Water as a solid can support can support weight.weight.

Coal is dark in Coal is dark in colour.colour.

Properties in MatterProperties in Matter

These properties These properties can change.can change.

Ice can melt.Ice can melt. Coal can burn.Coal can burn.

Changes in MatterChanges in Matter

Changes in matter can be classified Changes in matter can be classified in two different categoriesin two different categories– Physical changePhysical change– Chemical changeChemical change

Physical Changes in MatterPhysical Changes in Matter

During a physical change in matter During a physical change in matter no new substance is formed.no new substance is formed.

It does not change their chemical It does not change their chemical nature.nature.

Physical Changes in MatterPhysical Changes in Matter

Examples of Examples of physical changes:physical changes:– Melting iceMelting ice– Carving a baseball Carving a baseball

bat out of woodbat out of wood– Breaking a glassBreaking a glass– Cloud forming in Cloud forming in

the skythe sky

Chemical Changes in MatterChemical Changes in Matter

In a chemical change at least one In a chemical change at least one new substance is formed with new new substance is formed with new properties.properties.

A chemical change is difficult or A chemical change is difficult or impossible to reverse.impossible to reverse.

Chemical Changes in MatterChemical Changes in Matter

Examples of Examples of chemical changes:chemical changes:– Burning coalBurning coal– Metal rustingMetal rusting– PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Time to ReadTime to Read

Please open your Please open your books to page 156 books to page 156 and…and…

Properties of Matter: Chemical Properties of Matter: Chemical or Physical?or Physical?

Properties of matter fall under two Properties of matter fall under two categories:categories:– Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties– Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

What is the difference?What is the difference?

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Physical properties of Physical properties of matter are properties matter are properties that can be observed that can be observed without forming a without forming a new substance:new substance:– The colour of an The colour of an

object.object.– The smell of an object.The smell of an object.– The density of an The density of an

object.object.

Physical Properties: Qualitative Physical Properties: Qualitative or Quantitativeor Quantitative

A qualitative A qualitative measure is one measure is one that can be that can be observed but not observed but not measured.measured.– TasteTaste– MalleabilityMalleability– SmellSmell

Physical Properties: Qualitative Physical Properties: Qualitative or Quantitativeor Quantitative

A quantitative A quantitative property is one property is one that can me that can me measured measured numerically.numerically.– DensityDensity– Boiling Boiling

TemperatureTemperature– ViscosityViscosity

Physical Properties - DensityPhysical Properties - Density

Density is a physical Density is a physical property of matter property of matter that can be very that can be very useful.useful.

It can be used to It can be used to differentiate one differentiate one material from material from another without another without performing complex performing complex experiments.experiments.

DensityDensity

Calculating density Calculating density requires two requires two things:things:

Mass Mass VolumeVolume Dividing the mass Dividing the mass

by the volume by the volume allows you to allows you to calculate density.calculate density.

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Chemical properties Chemical properties

of matter are of matter are properties that properties that describe how a describe how a substance reacts substance reacts with another when with another when forming a new forming a new substance:substance:– Burning Burning

(combustibility)(combustibility)– PH balance (level of PH balance (level of

acidity)acidity)

Chemical and Physical Chemical and Physical Changes – Telling the Changes – Telling the

DifferenceDifference Sometimes it is difficult to tell the Sometimes it is difficult to tell the

difference between chemical and difference between chemical and physical changes.physical changes.

So how do you know?So how do you know? If two or more of the following occur If two or more of the following occur

then you then you probablyprobably have a chemical have a chemical change.change.

Signs of Chemical ChangesSigns of Chemical Changes

Heat is produced or absorbed.Heat is produced or absorbed. The starting material is used up.The starting material is used up. A new colour appears.A new colour appears. A starting colour disappears.A starting colour disappears. A material with new properties forms.A material with new properties forms. Gas bubbles form in a liquid.Gas bubbles form in a liquid. Grains of solid precipitate form in a Grains of solid precipitate form in a

liquid.liquid.

Signs of Chemical ChangeSigns of Chemical Change

Even with this list there is no Even with this list there is no guarantee.guarantee.

To be certain you must perform tests To be certain you must perform tests both before and after the change.both before and after the change.

HomeworkHomework

Finish reading section 5.1.Finish reading section 5.1. Complete questions 1-4 on p.169.Complete questions 1-4 on p.169. VocabularyVocabulary

– SolutionSolution– Mechanical MixtureMechanical Mixture– DensityDensity– CombustibilityCombustibility