Expressing Quantity

Expressing QuantityExpressing Quantity

GrammarGrammar

TEST YOUR GRAMMARTEST YOUR GRAMMAR

Test your grammarTest your grammar

Which words can complete the expressions of Which words can complete the expressions of

quantity?quantity?

1.1. a fewa few cars/ traffic/ hold-ups/ pollution cars/ traffic/ hold-ups/ pollution

2.2. not manynot many crimes/ criminals/ violence/ accidents crimes/ criminals/ violence/ accidents

3.3. severalseveral times/ letters/ paper/ rooms times/ letters/ paper/ rooms

4.4. very little very little time/ room/ hope/ spacestime/ room/ hope/ spaces

5.5. not muchnot much jobs/ unemployment/ work/ experience jobs/ unemployment/ work/ experience

Test your grammarTest your grammar

Which words can complete the expressions of Which words can complete the expressions of

quantity?quantity?

6.6. a bit of a bit of luck/ opportunity/ fun/ helpluck/ opportunity/ fun/ help

7.7. a lot ofa lot of enthusiasm/ energy/ people/ ingredients enthusiasm/ energy/ people/ ingredients

8.8. enoughenough chairs/ food/ herbs/ cutlery chairs/ food/ herbs/ cutlery

9.9. plenty ofplenty of fresh air/ fluids/ sleep/ walks fresh air/ fluids/ sleep/ walks

10.10. hardly anyhardly any money/ experience / clothes/ friends money/ experience / clothes/ friends

QUANTIFIERSQUANTIFIERS

Quantifiers Quantifiers

ExamplesExamples

He has made five TV series, He has made five TV series,

written written several booksseveral books, and , and

still does around twenty live still does around twenty live

shows a year.shows a year.

““A little bit of luckA little bit of luck, , a little a little

bit of passionbit of passion, and , and a little a little

bit of knowledgebit of knowledge!”!”

QuantifiersQuantifiers

The following can be used before a The following can be used before a

noun:noun:

some/anysome/any much/manymuch/many each/everyeach/every more/mostmore/most

a little/littlea little/little a few/fewa few/few bothboth fewer/lessfewer/less

severalseveral all/noall/no enoughenough

QuantifiersQuantifierseachevery

+ singular countable noun

manyfew/ fewer

severalboth

+ plural countable noun

muchlittle/ less

+ uncountable noun

someany

more/ mostallno

enough

+ countable/ uncountable noun

QuantifiersQuantifiers-(not) many cigarettes-a few cars-very few trees-fewer books-several answers-both parents-each boy-every time

-(not) much luck-a little cheese-very little experience-less time

-some money-some eggs-(not) any water-(not) any friends-more/ most wine-more/most people-all/no work-all/no children-enough food-enough apples

NotesNotes

1. Most of the Quantifiers can be used 1. Most of the Quantifiers can be used without a without a

nounnoun. . NoNo, , allall, , veryvery andand eacheach cannot.cannot.

ExamplesExamples

_ Have you got any money? _ Have you got any money? Not muchNot much./ ./ A littleA little..

_ Are there any eggs? _ Are there any eggs? A fewA few./ ./ Not manyNot many..

_ Have some wine. _ Have some wine. I don’t want I don’t want anyany..

_ How many people came? _ How many people came? Very fewVery few..

_ Have some more tea. _ Have some more tea. I’ve got I’ve got somesome..

NotesNotes

2. Most of the Quantifiers can be used with 2. Most of the Quantifiers can be used with ofof + +

thethe//mymy//thosethose/… + /… + nounnoun. . NoNo and and everyevery cannot. cannot.

ExamplesExamples

_ They took _ They took all of my moneyall of my money..

_ Take _ Take a few of these tabletsa few of these tablets..

_ _ Some of the people Some of the people at the party started dancing.at the party started dancing.

NotesNotes

3. For 3. For nono and and everyevery, we use , we use nonenone, , every oneevery one

or or allall::

ExamplesExamples

_ _ None of the audience None of the audience was listening.was listening.

_ _ All of the hotelsAll of the hotels were booked. were booked.

no none

every every one/all

NotesNotes

44. . Formal/ InformalFormal/ Informal

Formal EnglishFormal English: : nonenone + singular form of + singular form of

verb.verb.

_ _ NoneNone of the guests of the guests hashas arrived yet. arrived yet.

Informal EnglishInformal English: : nonenone + singular/ plural + singular/ plural

form of verb.form of verb.

_ _ NoneNone of my friends of my friends smokesmoke..

SOME, ANY, SOME, ANY,

SOMEBODY, ANYTHINGSOMEBODY, ANYTHING

some, any, somebody, anythingsome, any, somebody, anything

somesome and and its compounds its compounds are used are used

in in affirmative sentencesaffirmative sentences..

anyany and and its compounds its compounds are used in are used in

negative sentences negative sentences and and questionsquestions..

ExamplesExamples::

I need I need somesome help. help.

I need I need somebodysomebody to help me. to help me.

I don’t need I don’t need anyany shopping. shopping.

We can’t go We can’t go anywhereanywhere in this whether. in this whether.


somesome and and its compounds its compounds are are

used in used in requestrequest,, invitations invitations, or , or

when wewhen we expect the answer “yes” expect the answer “yes”..

ExamplesExamples::

Have you got Have you got somesome money you could money you could

lend me?lend me?

Would you like Would you like somethingsomething to eat? to eat?

Did Did someonesomeone phone me last night? phone me last night?


anyany and and its compounds its compounds are used in are used in

affirmative sentences affirmative sentences that have athat have a

negative meaningnegative meaning..

ExamplesExamples::

He He nevernever has has anyany money. money.

You made You made hardlyhardly anyany mistakes. mistakes.

I made the cake myself I made the cake myself withoutwithout anyany help. help.


anyany and and its compounds its compounds are used are used

to express to express It doesn’t matter It doesn’t matter

which/who/wherewhich/who/where. .

ExamplesExamples::

Take Take anyany book you like. I don’t mind. book you like. I don’t mind.

AnyoneAnyone will tell you 2 and 2 makes 4. will tell you 2 and 2 makes 4.

Sit Sit anywhereanywhere you like. you like.

NOBODY, NO ONE, NOBODY, NO ONE,

NOWHERE, NOTHINGNOWHERE, NOTHING

nobody, no one, no where, nothingnobody, no one, no where, nothing

These are more These are more

emphatic forms.emphatic forms.

ExamplesExamples::

I saw I saw nobodynobody all all

weekend.weekend.

I have eaten I have eaten

nothingnothing all day. all day.

nobody, no one, no where, nothingnobody, no one, no where, nothing

They can be used at the They can be used at the

beginningbeginning of sentences. of sentences.

ExamplesExamples::

No oneNo one was saved. was saved.

NobodyNobody understands me. understands me.

NowhereNowhere was safe anymore. was safe anymore.

MUCH,MUCH,

MANY,MANY,

A LOT OF, A LOT OF,

LOTS OF, LOTS OF,

A GREAT DEAL OF,A GREAT DEAL OF,

A LARGE NUMBER A LARGE NUMBER

OF, PLENTY OFOF, PLENTY OF

much, many, a lot of, lots of, a great much, many, a lot of, lots of, a great deal of, a large number of, plenty ofdeal of, a large number of, plenty of

muchmuch and and manymany are usually used are usually used

in in questionsquestions and and negativesnegatives..

ExamplesExamples::

How How muchmuch does it cost? does it cost?

How How manymany people came to the party? people came to the party?

I don’t have I don’t have muchmuch money. money.

You don’t see You don’t see manymany snakes in England. snakes in England.


We find We find muchmuch and and manymany in in

affirmative sentences affirmative sentences after after soso, , asas and and

tootoo..

ExamplesExamples::

He has He has soso muchmuch money that he doesn’t money that he doesn’t

know what to do with it.know what to do with it.

She hasn’t got She hasn’t got asas many many friends as I friends as I

have.have.

You made You made tootoo manymany mistakes. mistakes.


In In affirmative sentencesaffirmative sentences, the , the following forms are found:following forms are found:–Plenty ofPlenty of–Lots ofLots of–A lot ofA lot of–A great deal ofA great deal of–A large number ofA large number of–ManyMany–muchmuch


Spoken/InformalSpoken/Informal

There will be There will be plenty of plenty of food/people. (food/people. (uncountable uncountable andand countable countable))

We’ve got We’ve got lots oflots of time/friends. ( time/friends. (uncountable uncountable andand countable countable))

I’ve lost I’ve lost a lot ofa lot of furniture/things. ( furniture/things. (uncountable uncountable andand countable countable))

Written/More formalWritten/More formal

A great deal of A great deal of money was lost during the strike. (money was lost during the strike. (uncountableuncountable))

A large number of A large number of strikes are caused by bad management.strikes are caused by bad management.

((countablecountable))

ManyMany word leaders are quite young. ( word leaders are quite young. (countablecountable))

MuchMuch time is wasted in trivial pursuits. ( time is wasted in trivial pursuits. (countablecountable))


These forms are found These forms are found without nounswithout nouns::

_ _ Have you got enough socks?Have you got enough socks?

__LotsLots..

_ How many people were there?_ How many people were there?

_ _ A lotA lot..

_ Don’t worry about food. We’ve _ Don’t worry about food. We’ve

got got plentyplenty..

LITTLE, FEW, LESS, LITTLE, FEW, LESS, FEWERFEWER

little, few, less, fewerlittle, few, less, fewer

A little A little and and a few a few express a express a

small amountsmall amount or or numbernumber in a in a

positive positive way. Although there way. Although there

is only is only a littlea little, it is probably , it is probably

enoughenough..

Can you lend me Can you lend me a little a little sugar?sugar?

A few A few friends are coming round friends are coming round

tonight.tonight.


Few Few and and little little express a express a

small amountsmall amount or or numbernumber in in

a a negative negative way. There is way. There is not not

enoughenough..

Very few Very few people passed the people passed the

exam.exam.

There is There is very little very little milk left.milk left.


Comparative:Comparative:

few fewer

little less

Fewer people go to church

these day. (countable noun)

I spend less and less time doing

what I want to. (uncountable

noun)

ALLALL

allall

We do not usually use all to mean everybody/

everyone/ everything. But if all is followed by a

relative clause, it can mean everything.

All (that) I have is yours.

I spend all I earn.

This structure can have a negative meaning,

expressing ideas such as nothing more or only this.

All I want is a place to sleep.

All I have is a couple f beers.

allall

Before a noun with a

determiner, both all and all of

are possible. You eat all (of) the time.

All (of) my friends are coming

tonight.

Before a noun with no

determiner, we use all. All people are born equal.

allall

With personal

pronouns, we use all

of.

All of you passed.

Well done!

I don’t need these

books. You can have

all of them.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!ATTENTION!

Move to PRACTICE and see how Move to PRACTICE and see how

much you have learnt!much you have learnt!

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Expressing Quantity