Extreme Programming Software Development Written by Sanjay Kumar

Extreme Programming Software Development

Written by Sanjay Kumar

• Extreme Programming evolved from Spiral Model.

• Extreme Programming improves a software project in five essential ways like communication, simplicity, feedback, respect, and courage.

• Instead of moving down in a linear way communication, simplicity, feedback, respect, and courage.

• They keep their design simple and clean. They get feedback by testing their software starting on day one.

• It is a not a structured approach to testing. Every small success deepens their respect for the unique contributions of each and every team member

• Brings high quality into the development of our products.

Extreme Programming Model

Steps in the Extreme Programming

Quality is guaranteed at each project steps.

Analyze DesignDetailed Design

Component Test

Assembly Test Prod Test Deploy


Component Test


Defect Origin

Defect Discovered

Stage Containment

This term is used to identify problems existing in the product being developed before proceeding to the following stage.

• More errors than defects.

• Cost and effort for fixing problems is minimized.

With Stage Containment


Component Test



Component Test


Defect Origin

Defect Discovered

Without Stage Containment

• More defects than errors.

• Fixes become more expensive and difficult.


Component Test



Component Test


Defect Origin

Defect Discovered

Without Stage Containment

Worst Case!

Entry and Exit Criteria

Entry Criteria

• The Term Entry Criteria refers to the input conditions required from the previous processes to support a specific stage.

Exit Criteria

• The term Exit Criteria refers to the output conditions required by a specific process to determine its thoroughness and correct completion.

• The Exit Criteria for one stage can constitute part of the Entry Criteria for the following stage.

Deliverable Description

Test Approach Explains the objectives and scope of the test;

Documents entry/exit criteria and key dates

Test Scenarios Provides high-level descriptions of functionality to be tested

Test Conditions and Expected Results

Describes all items and results that must be covered to fulfill each Test Scenarios

Test Cycle Control Sheet Groups test scripts into logical categories (or cycles); documents when and by whom each cycle will be executed.

Test Scripts Provides step-bystep instructions and detailed results for a test executor to follow during test execution

The Five Key Deliverables of Test Planning

Unit testing

The most ‘micro’ scale of Testing

A unit = smallest testable software component Objects and methods Procedures / functions

Performed by Programmer A tester can help. Requires detailed knowledge of the internal program design and code.

The units are tested in isolation.

Ensures the component is working according to the detailed design/build specifications of the module.

Not to be confused with debugging.

Also known as component, module, or program testing.

Integration Testing

Testing of more than one (tested) unit together to determine if they function correctly.

Focus on interfaces Communication between units

It is done using the integration test design prepared during the architecture design phase.

Helps assembling incrementally a whole system, ensuring the correct ‘flow’ of data from the first through the final component.

Done by developers/designers and testers in collaboration

Also called Interface Testing or Assembly Testing.

System testing

Testing the system as a whole - Black-box type testing that is based on overall requirements specifications; covers all combined parts of a system.

Ensures that system meets all functional and business requirements.

Focus Verifying that specifications are met Validating that the system can be used for the intended purpose

The system test design is derived from the system design documents and is used in this phase.

It can involve a number of specialized types of tests to check performance, stress, documentation etc. Sometimes testing is automated using testing tools.

Done by Independent testing group

Acceptance testing

To determine whether a system satisfies its acceptance criteria and business requirements or not.

Similar to System testing in that the whole system is checked, but the important difference is the change in focus.

Done by real business users.

It enables the customer to determine whether to accept the system or not.

Also called as Beta Testing, Application Testing or End User Testing.

Approach Should be performed in real operating environment . Customer should be able to perform any test based on their business processes. Final Customer sign-off.

• Faults are prevented and it stops fault multiplication.

• Avoids the downward flow of defect.

• Lower defect Resolution cost due to earlier detection.

• Improved quality and reliability.

• Reduction in the amount of Re-work.

• Improved Risk Management

• Validation and Verification at each level of stage containment

• Allows testers to be active in the project early in the project’s lifecycle. They develop critical knowledge about the system.

Benefits of Extreme Programming

Introduction of Exploratory testing

While the software is being tested, the tester learns things that together with experience and creativity generate new good tests to run. His comes under black box testing technique. Exploratory testing is particularly suitable if requirements and specifications are incomplete or tailored the process, or if there is lack of time. And experienced tester easily gets the defects. Find holes in requirements exploratory tester usually report many errors caused by wrong requirements or documentation.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Exploratory testing

Advantage of Exploratory testing

1. Checks application usability with the help of exploratory testing.2. Find holes in requirements.3. Helpful with a lack of documentation, requirements, test cases, etc…

Disadvantage of exploratory testing1. We do not need test scenarios, unit tests, test automation, etc. We have skilled testers.2. Poor detection of minor issues.3. Exploratory testers can get into a routine.

Final Checklist

1 Create System and Acceptance Tests [ ]2 Start Acceptance test Creation [ ]3 Identify test team [ ]4 Create Workplan [ ]5 Create test Approach [ ]6 Link Acceptance Criteria and Requirements to form the basis ofacceptance test [ ]7 Use subset of system test cases to form requirements portion ofacceptance test [ ]8 Create scripts for use by the customer to demonstrate that the system meets requirements [ ]9 Create test schedule. Include people and all other resources. [ ]10 Conduct Acceptance Test [ ]

11 Create Workplan [ ]14 Determine resource requirements [ ]15 Identify productivity tools for testing [ ]16 Determine data requirements [ ]17 Create test Approach [ ]19 Identify any facilities that are needed [ ]20 Obtain and review existing test material [ ]21 Create inventory of test items [ ]22 Identify Design states, conditions, processes, and procedures [ ]23 Identify all functional requirements [ ]25 Start test case creation [ ]27 Identify logical groups of business function for new sysyem [ ]

34 Begin test Preparation [ ]36 Obtain test support resources [ ]37 Outline expected results for each test case [ ]38 Obtain test data. Validate and trace to test cases [ ]39 Prepare & document environmental set up procedures. Include back up and recovery plans [ ]41 End Test Preparation phase [ ]42 Conduct System Test [ ]43 Execute test scripts [ ]44 Compare actual result to expected [ ]45 Prepare maintenance phase input [ ]47 Re-execute test group after problem repairs [ ]48 Create final test report, include known bugs list [ ]49 Obtain formal signoff [ ]

Exit Criteria for testing

1. When all the test cases are executed2. When User acceptance testing is complete3. Hardware and software are not available at the timeindicated in the test schedule or project schedule4. When Source code contain one or more critical defect thatlimits the testing process.5. When testing budget is complete6. According to the test schedule7 When release factor is near or when deadline is reached8.When all major Bugs are resolved.

Thank You!