Factors of DevelopmentFactors of Development

Cy-Woods HSCy-Woods HS

2012-20132012-2013

DevelopmentDevelopment

• What is development?What is development?

• A term describing the economic, A term describing the economic, political and social well-being of its political and social well-being of its people.people.

DevelopmentDevelopment

• Three categories:Three categories:

Factors That Impact Factors That Impact DevelopmentDevelopment

• Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• Trade PatternsTrade Patterns

• Levels of Economic ActivitiesLevels of Economic Activities

Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• Resources are not spread evenly Resources are not spread evenly around the world.around the world.

Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• Barriers to Barriers to development:development:

• harsh climatesharsh climates– tropical, arid, polartropical, arid, polar

• mountainsmountains• desertsdeserts

Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• Aids development:Aids development:

• locationlocation• temperate climatestemperate climates• arable landarable land

Physical Geography: LocationPhysical Geography: Location

Trade PatternsTrade Patterns

• Free trade: trading across national Free trade: trading across national boundaries without interference from boundaries without interference from the respective governments.the respective governments.

Free Trade AgreementsFree Trade Agreements

• An agreement An agreement between one or between one or more countries to more countries to eliminate or reduce eliminate or reduce barriers to trade.barriers to trade.

GlobalizationGlobalization

• The increasing unification of the The increasing unification of the world’s economy.world’s economy.

Levels of economic activitiesLevels of economic activities

• Just remember the POTATO…Just remember the POTATO…

Primary ActivitiesPrimary Activities

• Getting the raw materialsGetting the raw materials for for immediate use or in the making of a immediate use or in the making of a final product.final product.

• fishing, farming, fishing, farming,

timber, miningtimber, mining

Don’t be a potato farmer!

Subsistence Agriculture vs. Subsistence Agriculture vs. Commercial AgricultureCommercial Agriculture

Secondary ActivitiesSecondary Activities

• Adding value to materials by Adding value to materials by changing their form.changing their form.

• ManufacturingManufacturing

• Mark an advancingMark an advancing

economy.economy.

The people that turn potatoes into french fries.The people that turn potatoes into french fries.

Cottage Industries vs. Cottage Industries vs. Commercial IndustriesCommercial Industries

Tertiary ActivitiesTertiary Activities

• Providing business or professional Providing business or professional services.services.

• Seen mostly in developed Seen mostly in developed economies.economies.

Sell french fries for business.

Tertiary ActivitiesTertiary Activities

• Usually found near dense populations Usually found near dense populations of people.of people.

Technology and TertiaryTechnology and Tertiary

• Technology has made it less necessary Technology has made it less necessary for tertiary activities to be located near for tertiary activities to be located near people. people.

• Internet expands the market and allows Internet expands the market and allows people to provide services from longer people to provide services from longer distances.distances.

Quaternary ActivitiesQuaternary Activities

• Provide information, management, and Provide information, management, and research services by highly trained research services by highly trained persons.persons.

• only in placesonly in placeswith the highest with the highest level of economiclevel of economicdevelopmentdevelopment

.

No, it’s not real.

InfrastructureInfrastructure

• the basic support systems needed to the basic support systems needed to keep an economy going.keep an economy going.– transportation, energy, water…transportation, energy, water…

Which is an example of a Which is an example of a tertiary economic activity?tertiary economic activity?

• 1) Turning dairy products into ice 1) Turning dairy products into ice cream.cream.

• 2) Milking a cow on a dairy farm.2) Milking a cow on a dairy farm.• 3) Developing bovine hormones that 3) Developing bovine hormones that

increase the amount of milk a cow increase the amount of milk a cow can produce.can produce.

• 4) Selling ice cream at a grocery 4) Selling ice cream at a grocery store.store.

Measuring economic Measuring economic developmentdevelopment

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP):Gross Domestic Product (GDP):– total value of all goods and services total value of all goods and services

produced within a country.produced within a country.

per capita = per person

-about how much aperson earns

Map of GDP percapita.

Human Development IndexHuman Development Index

• A ranking of the world’s countries based on GDP per A ranking of the world’s countries based on GDP per capitacapita

• Life expectancyLife expectancy• LiteracyLiteracy• Education levelsEducation levels

MaliMali• Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• LandlockedLandlocked – no direct – no direct access to the sea.access to the sea.– Must make Must make

connections with the connections with the rest of the world to rest of the world to get good in and out.get good in and out.

• Climate and landscapeClimate and landscape

• **Current issue?**Current issue?

MaliMali

• Resources and land Resources and land use.use.

• Gold, livestock, Gold, livestock, agriculture = 80% of agriculture = 80% of Mali’s exports.Mali’s exports.

• agriculture: agriculture: 80%80%• industry and industry and

services: services: 20%20%

MaliMali

• International tradeInternational trade

Developing country (LDC)Developing country (LDC)

• Mali’s GDP per capita (PPP) = Mali’s GDP per capita (PPP) = $1,200$1,200

• A developing country is one with a A developing country is one with a low level of material well-being. low level of material well-being.

• Mostly primary and secondary Mostly primary and secondary industries.industries.

• Other examples: Other examples:

AustraliaAustralia

• Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• location and climatelocation and climate

AustraliaAustralia

• resources and resources and land useland use

• abundant abundant resourcesresources

• agriculture: agriculture: 3.6%3.6%

• industry: industry: 21.1%21.1%

• services: services: 75%75%

AustraliaAustralia

• International tradeInternational trade

Developed Country (MDC)Developed Country (MDC)

• Australia’s GDP per capita Australia’s GDP per capita (PPP) = $41,000(PPP) = $41,000

• A country with a high level of A country with a high level of material well-being.material well-being.

• secondary, tertiary and secondary, tertiary and quaternaryquaternary

• Other examples.Other examples.

South KoreaSouth Korea

• Physical GeographyPhysical Geography

• location, location, location, location, locationlocation

South KoreaSouth Korea

• resources and land resources and land useuse

• agriculture: agriculture: 7.3%7.3%• industry: industry: 24.3%24.3%• services: services: 68.4% 68.4%

South KoreaSouth Korea

• International tradeInternational trade

Rapid GrowthRapid Growth

Newly Industrialized Country Newly Industrialized Country (NIC)(NIC)

• South Korea’s GDP per South Korea’s GDP per capita (PPP) = $30,000capita (PPP) = $30,000

• A country with a rapidly A country with a rapidly increasing per capita increasing per capita income.income.

• Secondary, Tertiary and Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Quaternary

• Other examples: Taiwan Other examples: Taiwan and Singapore and Singapore