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FATS ASIDE WE ARE WHAT WE

EAT

An A level project on obesity.

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SOME FACTS ABOUT OBESITY..

BMI = (weight)/(height)²- 25 = overweight

- 30 = obese

What caused this?

- Excessive consumption of foods with high sugar and fats content

- Not eating! blood sugar decrease stress hormone stimulated body

tissues turned into sugar fuel not entirely burned up, stored as fats

What happens next?- Triggers several diseases like heart diseases, high cholesterol, high blood

pressure

- Self- conscious, low self-esteem

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WH AT CAN I DO TO PREVENT/CURE

OBESITY?

Maintain a healthy lifestyle!

Stay active!

- Exercise regularly but do not over-exercise

Keep a balanced diet

- Eat fast food only once in a while

- Less oil, less salt, more vegetables

- Avoid sugar

- Low calories

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EXPERIMENT TIME!

1. Test for presence of sugar in 2 unknowns

2. Determining of the energy levels of various samples

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1. BENEDICT¶S TEST!

Test for presence of reducing sugars Blue colour of solution given by copper(II) ions, Cu²+

At the end of the experiment, colour change indicates the (extent of)

presence of sugar

Blue 0% sugar

Green 0.5% sugar

Yellow 1.0% sugar

Orange 1.5% sugar

Brick-red >2.0% sugar

Used in urine test for diabetes

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CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS..

Benedicts solution Samples of X and Y

Test tube × 2

Test tube holder

Test tube rack

250 cm³ beaker

Dropper

Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze

Safety goggles

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PREPARING AW ATER BATH!

Fill the 250cm³ beaker with water until its ¾ full

Place it over the Bunsen flame on top of the tripod stand and wire gauze

Heat the water bath until near boiling before putting in the test tubes

Note: Remember to

have your goggles

on during heating!

Note: Be careful not to

touch the beaker when

putting in the test tubes!

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2. ENERGY LEVEL TEST

Put over the flame, combustion takes place on the substance as the oilinside the substance burns.

Heat is given out as combustion is an exothermic reaction.

By measuring the rise in temperature and comparing with results with

other substances, we can determine which substance has the highest

energy level.

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CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS..

Samples of peanut , tidbits and cereals Retort stand & clamp

Evaporating dish

10 cm³ measuring cylinder

Test tube

Thermometer

A pair of tongs

Bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire gauze

Safety goggles

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PROCEDURE..

1) Add 5 cm³ of distilled water into a test tube.

2) Clamp the test tube to a retort stand.

3) Measure and record the initial temperature of the water in the test tube.

4) Using the tongs, burn the peanut sample until it catches fire.

5) Place the burning peanut under the test tube in the evaporating dish (or

on the white tile) such that the flame is just in contact with the test tube.

(Note: If the flame goes out and the peanut is not completely burned,

relight the peanut .)

Note: Do not clamp thetest tube too tightly

else it will break!

Note: Remember to

have your goggles

on during heating!

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PROCEDURE..

6) Continue to burn the peanut until the remains could not be further

burnt.

7) Measure and record the highest temperature of the water reached.

8) Repeat steps 1 7 with samples of tidbits and cereals with comparable

mass .

Note: Keep the Bunsen flame

further from the test tube toreduce heat gained from

surroundings!

Note: Bulb of thermometershould not touch the test

tube when reading!

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THE RESULTS!

Benedicts Test Coke: Blue Orange

Coke zero: Blue Blue

What are we testing for?

High Fructose Corn Syrup

What gives the sweet taste of Coke zero?

Artificial sweeteners (aspartame)

Thus, coke zero is safe for diabetic patients consumption

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THE RESULTS!

Energy level test Change in temperature of tidbit set up > Change in temperature of

peanut set up > Change in temperature of cereal set up

Sources of error

Cannot be sure that all oil in the samples have been extracted out

Time lag between transferring from over the flame to below the test tube

heat loss to surroundings

How can the error be prevented/minimized?

Do several experiments to improve accuracy of results

Heat the samples right below the test tube (too dangerous for lab

experiments)

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