34
FDIC Quarterly Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Feature Article: Individual Development Accounts and Banks: A Solid “Match” 2007, Volume 1, Number 1

FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

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Page 1: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

FDIC Quarterly

QQuuaarrtteerrllyy BBaannkkiinngg PPrrooffiillee First Quarter 2007

FFeeaattuurree AArrttiiccllee Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

2007 Volume 1 Number 1

Letter from the Executive Editor

To the Reader

Welcome to the first issue of the FDIC Quarterly This new publication brings together data and analyses that were previously available through three publications mdash the FDIC Outlook FDIC Bank-ing Review and the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile Each issue of the FDIC Quarterly will provide a comprehensive summary of the most current financial results for the banking industry Feature arti-cles appearing in the FDIC Quarterly will range from timely analysis of economic and banking trends at the national and regional level that may affect the risk exposure of FDIC-insured institutions to research on issues affecting the banking system and the development of regulatory policy

The FDIC Quarterly is also available online at wwwfdicgov To receive e-mail notification of the electronic release of the FDIC Quarterly and the individual feature articles please subscribe at wwwfdicgovaboutsubscriptionsindexhtml Previous issues of the FDIC Outlook FDIC Banking Review and Quarterly Banking Profile will continue to be available on our Web site under the origi-nal publication name

We welcome feedback from our readers as we continue to evaluate the effectiveness of the content of our publications and our distribution channels Please call or e-mail suggestions to Kim Lowry at (202) 898-6635 or klowryfdicgov

Sincerely

Maureen E Sweeney Executive Editor

FDIC Quarterly 2007 Volume 1 Number 1

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation reported net income of $360 billion in first quarter 2007 This is slightly below the $369 billion earned a year ago but still the fourth-highest amount ever reported by the industry Higher expenses for credit losses at large banks and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions posed chal-lenges to earnings during the quarter See page 1

Insurance Fund Indicators Insured deposits grew by 20 percent during the first quarter of 2007 while the Deposit Insurance Fund reserve ratio declined one basis point to 120 percent One institution failed during the first quarter ending ten consecutive quarters without a failure See page 14

Feature Article Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo Even with the greater access to banking products and services provided through the development of alternative delivery channels including the Internet about 10 million American households typical-ly low- and moderate-income families do not use the banking system Many more only use a limited number of banking services A particular type of savings account the Individual Development Account (IDA) is a relatively low risk way for banks to introduce these households to the banking system This article explains how IDAs operate describes banksrsquo experience with IDAs and points bankers to sources of information about these programs See page 22

Chairman Sheila C Bair

Director Division of Insurance Arthur J Murton and Research

Executive Editor Maureen E Sweeney

Managing Editors Richard Brown Diane L Ellis Christopher Newbury

Editors Kim E Lowry Kathy Zeidler

Publication Managers Geri Bonebrake Elena Johnson Lynne Montgomery

Media Inquiries (202) 898-6993

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Some of the information used in the preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources that are considered reliable However the use of this information does not constitute an endorsement of its accura-cy by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Articles may be reprinted or abstracted if the publication and author(s) are credited Please provide the FDICrsquos Division of Insurance and Research with a copy of any publications containing reprinted material

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007

Industry Reports Year-Over-Year Earnings Decline Rising Loan Loss Provisions Reduce Profits at Larger Institutions Net Interest Margins Decline at Small Institutions Rise at Large Banks Loan Growth Slows for Fourth Consecutive Quarter Mortgage Assets Decline for Second Quarter in a Row

Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions

Higher credit expenses at large institutions and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions exerted down-ward pressure on earnings of FDIC-insured institutions in the first quarter of 2007 The industry reported total net income of $360 billion in the quarter the fourth-highest quarterly amount ever but it was $912 million (25 per-cent) less than the earnings posted in the first quarter of 2006 This is the largest year-over-year decline in quarterly earnings since the first quarter of 2001 A significant part of the decrease was attributable to a change in the way that earnings were reported in the aftermath of a large corporate restructuring but lower operating results at a number of institutions also contributed to the earnings drop Evidence of pressure on earnings was widespread as a majority of institutions (503 percent) reported lower quarterly net income Narrower net interest margins had a negative effect on earnings of smaller banks and thrifts while higher expenses for bad loans were more significant for large banks More than two out of every three institutions mdash 679 percent mdash reported lower net interest margins than a year ago but only 366 percent of all institutions reported

higher provisions for loan losses Among institutions with more than $10 billion in assets 73 percent raised their loss provisions The average ROA for the quarter was 121 per-cent down from 134 percent in the first quarter of 2006 as 59 percent of all institutions saw their quarterly ROAs decline This is the lowest first-quarter ROA for the indus-try since 2001

Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline

Reflecting an erosion in asset quality provisions for loan losses totaled $92 billion in the first quarter an increase of $32 billion (546 percent) from a year earlier Noninterest expenses were up by $30 billion (36 percent) as several large banks reported higher payroll expenses These higher costs were partially offset by increased net interest income (up $33 billion or 40 percent) higher noninterest income (up $12 billion or 19 percent) and gains on sales of securities and other assets (up $852 million or 1270 percent) Lower revenues from securitization and servicing activities limited the year-over-year improvement in nonin-terest income

Chart 1 Chart 2

295 302 304 311 318 312 325

311 340 343 347

327

369 380 381 354 360

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 0

100

200

300

400

$ Billions

Securities and Other GainsLosses Net Net Operating Income

2006200520042003 2007

FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr EEaarrnniinnggss WWeerree FFoouurrtthh--HHiigghheesstt EEvveerr

32 30

33

12 09

00

10

20

30

40

1st Quarter 2006 to 1st Quarter 2007 ($ Billions)

Positive Factors

Negative Factors

Increase in Net Interest

Income

Increase in Noninterest

Income

Increase in Loan Loss Provision

Increase in Gains on

Securities Sales

Increase in Noninterest

Expense

TThhee IInnccrreeaassee iinn LLoossss PPrroovviissiioonnss WWaass tthhee LLaarrggeesstt iinn FFiivvee YYeeaarrss

FDIC QUARTERLY 1 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions

A combination of stable interest rates and a flat yield curve had different effects on margins at small and large institutions in the first quarter The industryrsquos net interest margin (NIM) was 332 percent in the first quarter above the 320 percent average in the fourth quarter of 2006 but below the 346 per-cent average in the first quarter of 2006 The first consecu-tive-quarter margin improvement in the last seven quarters was concentrated among larger institutions At institutions with more than $10 billion in assets average asset yields increased and average funding costs declined from fourth-quarter levels lifting net interest margins At institutions with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion average asset yields increased but so did average funding costs Neverthe-less the improvement in yields outweighed the rise in fund-ing costs and this group saw its average margin increase as well At institutions with less than $1 billion in assets how-ever average asset yields were lower than in the fourth quar-ter while average funding costs were higher so average margins were down The 391 percent average margin for institutions with less than $1 billion in assets was the lowest level for this group in 16 years Compared to a year ago average margins were lower for all size groups Because of the narrower margins net interest income in the first quarter was up by only 40 percent from a year earlier even though inter-est-earning assets grew by 73 percent At many institutions narrower margins contributed to lower profitability Among institutions that reported year-over-year declines in quarterly ROA 84 percent also reported declines in net interest mar-gins At institutions reporting year-over-year declines in quarterly NIMs 72 percent also had lower ROAs

Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses

The $92 billion that the industry set aside in provisions for loan losses during the first quarter was slightly below the $98 billion set aside in the fourth quarter of 2006 but the $32-billion year-over-year increase was the largest since the first quarter of 2002 Loss provisions exceeded net charge-offs by $11 billion (131 percent) the fifth quarter in a row that provisions have exceeded loan losses Net charge-offs totaled $81 billion an increase of $27 billion (484 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 Charge-offs were higher in most loan categories Net charge-offs of credit card loans rebound-ed from an unusually low level a year ago increasing by $850 million (292 percent) Similarly net charge-offs of other loans to individuals were $754 million (600 percent) higher than a year earlier Net charge-offs of loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers increased by $470 million (786 percent) and net charge-offs of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans were up by $268 million (932 percent)

Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter

Since reaching a cyclical low of 070 percent at the middle of last year the percent of insured institutionsrsquo loans that are noncurrent (90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status) has risen in each succeeding quarter At the end of March the noncurrent rate stood at 083 percent its highest level in two and a half years During the quarter noncurrent loans increased by $40 billion (70 percent) Noncurrent levels increased in most loan categories during the first quarter with

Chart 3 Chart 4

0305 0605 0905 1205 0306 0606 0906 1206 0307 40

50

60

70

Percent of Institutions with Quarterly Earnings Gains

484

MMoorree IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss AArree HHaavviinngg TTrroouubbllee GGrroowwiinngg TThheeiirr EEaarrnniinnggss

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 300

350

400

450

Net Interest Margin ()

Assets gt $100 Million

Assets lt $100 Million

20072006200520042003

407

331

MMaarrggiinnss IImmpprroovveedd aatt LLaarrggee IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FDIC QUARTERLY 2 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

the largest increases occurring in real estate loans Noncur-rent residential mortgage loans increased by $17 billion (73 percent) while noncurrent construction and development loans rose by $15 billion (361 percent) The rising trend in noncurrent loans was fairly widespread almost half of all institutions (457 percent) saw their noncurrent loans increase in the first quarter The percentage of 1-4 family res-idential mortgage loans that were noncurrent rose from 105 percent to 113 percent during the quarter This is the high-est noncurrent rate for residential mortgage loans since midyear 1994

Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years

Insured institutions set aside $11 billion more in loss provi-sions than they charged off during the quarter contributing to a $993-million (13-percent) increase in loan-loss reserves This is the largest increase in loss reserves since the fourth quarter of 2002 The increase in reserves caused the indus-tryrsquos ratio of reserves to total loans to move up slightly from 107 percent to 108 percent during the quarter This is the first increase in the industryrsquos reserve ratio since the first quarter of 2002 the current level is the second-lowest the ratio has been since 1985 The increase in reserves failed to keep pace with growth in noncurrent loans and the indus-tryrsquos ldquocoverage ratiordquo of loss reserves to noncurrent loans fell from $137 in reserves for every $100 in noncurrent loans to $130 during the quarter This is the fourth consecutive quar-ter that the coverage ratio has fallen It is now at its lowest level since March 2003

Chart 5

Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity

Insured institutions paid $262 billion in dividends in the quarter an increase of $73 billion (387 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 as a few large institutions reported siz-able dividend increases Retained earnings totaled only $98 billion for the quarter $82 billion (455 percent) less than a year earlier Partly as a result of the lower retained earnings total equity capital increased by only $197 billion less than half the $445-billion increase in equity capital that the industry registered a year ago This increase (the smallest in the last six quarters) was enough to raise the industryrsquos equi-ty-to-assets ratio from 1052 percent to 1058 percent Aver-age equity ratios increased for all size groups of insured institutions during the quarter The industryrsquos regulatory cap-ital ratios remained largely unchanged as levels rose slightly at smaller institutions and declined slightly at larger institu-tions The divergence between the improvement in the equi-ty capital ratio and the lack of improvement in regulatory capital ratios is due to an increase in the riskiness of industry assets that is reflected in some regulatory capital ratios as well as the fact that one-fourth of the increase in equity con-sisted of goodwill which is not included in regulatory capital

Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate

A slower growth environment prevailed in the first quarter as total assets increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) high-er than the $1067-billion increase in the fourth quarter of 2006 but still the second-smallest increase in industry assets in the last fourteen quarters During the twelve months ended March 31 assets of insured institutions grew by 69-

Chart 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

55

60

65

Efficiency Ratio ()

Assets gt $1 Billion

Assets lt $1 Billion

2007200620052004

667

563

TThhee ldquoldquoEEffffiicciieennccyy GGaapprdquordquo BBeettwweeeenn LLaarrggee aanndd SSmmaallll IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss IIss GGrroowwiinngg

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10

15

20

25

30 Return on RWA ( Annualized)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

751

16 Return on Risk-Weighted Assets

Risk-Weighted Assets to Assets

RWA to Assets ()

Note RWA = Assets weighted according to risk categories used in regulatory capital computations

TThhee IInndduussttrryy IIss TTaakkiinngg OOnn MMoorree RRiisskk

FDIC QUARTERLY 3 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 2: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Letter from the Executive Editor

To the Reader

Welcome to the first issue of the FDIC Quarterly This new publication brings together data and analyses that were previously available through three publications mdash the FDIC Outlook FDIC Bank-ing Review and the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile Each issue of the FDIC Quarterly will provide a comprehensive summary of the most current financial results for the banking industry Feature arti-cles appearing in the FDIC Quarterly will range from timely analysis of economic and banking trends at the national and regional level that may affect the risk exposure of FDIC-insured institutions to research on issues affecting the banking system and the development of regulatory policy

The FDIC Quarterly is also available online at wwwfdicgov To receive e-mail notification of the electronic release of the FDIC Quarterly and the individual feature articles please subscribe at wwwfdicgovaboutsubscriptionsindexhtml Previous issues of the FDIC Outlook FDIC Banking Review and Quarterly Banking Profile will continue to be available on our Web site under the origi-nal publication name

We welcome feedback from our readers as we continue to evaluate the effectiveness of the content of our publications and our distribution channels Please call or e-mail suggestions to Kim Lowry at (202) 898-6635 or klowryfdicgov

Sincerely

Maureen E Sweeney Executive Editor

FDIC Quarterly 2007 Volume 1 Number 1

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation reported net income of $360 billion in first quarter 2007 This is slightly below the $369 billion earned a year ago but still the fourth-highest amount ever reported by the industry Higher expenses for credit losses at large banks and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions posed chal-lenges to earnings during the quarter See page 1

Insurance Fund Indicators Insured deposits grew by 20 percent during the first quarter of 2007 while the Deposit Insurance Fund reserve ratio declined one basis point to 120 percent One institution failed during the first quarter ending ten consecutive quarters without a failure See page 14

Feature Article Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo Even with the greater access to banking products and services provided through the development of alternative delivery channels including the Internet about 10 million American households typical-ly low- and moderate-income families do not use the banking system Many more only use a limited number of banking services A particular type of savings account the Individual Development Account (IDA) is a relatively low risk way for banks to introduce these households to the banking system This article explains how IDAs operate describes banksrsquo experience with IDAs and points bankers to sources of information about these programs See page 22

Chairman Sheila C Bair

Director Division of Insurance Arthur J Murton and Research

Executive Editor Maureen E Sweeney

Managing Editors Richard Brown Diane L Ellis Christopher Newbury

Editors Kim E Lowry Kathy Zeidler

Publication Managers Geri Bonebrake Elena Johnson Lynne Montgomery

Media Inquiries (202) 898-6993

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Some of the information used in the preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources that are considered reliable However the use of this information does not constitute an endorsement of its accura-cy by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Articles may be reprinted or abstracted if the publication and author(s) are credited Please provide the FDICrsquos Division of Insurance and Research with a copy of any publications containing reprinted material

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007

Industry Reports Year-Over-Year Earnings Decline Rising Loan Loss Provisions Reduce Profits at Larger Institutions Net Interest Margins Decline at Small Institutions Rise at Large Banks Loan Growth Slows for Fourth Consecutive Quarter Mortgage Assets Decline for Second Quarter in a Row

Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions

Higher credit expenses at large institutions and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions exerted down-ward pressure on earnings of FDIC-insured institutions in the first quarter of 2007 The industry reported total net income of $360 billion in the quarter the fourth-highest quarterly amount ever but it was $912 million (25 per-cent) less than the earnings posted in the first quarter of 2006 This is the largest year-over-year decline in quarterly earnings since the first quarter of 2001 A significant part of the decrease was attributable to a change in the way that earnings were reported in the aftermath of a large corporate restructuring but lower operating results at a number of institutions also contributed to the earnings drop Evidence of pressure on earnings was widespread as a majority of institutions (503 percent) reported lower quarterly net income Narrower net interest margins had a negative effect on earnings of smaller banks and thrifts while higher expenses for bad loans were more significant for large banks More than two out of every three institutions mdash 679 percent mdash reported lower net interest margins than a year ago but only 366 percent of all institutions reported

higher provisions for loan losses Among institutions with more than $10 billion in assets 73 percent raised their loss provisions The average ROA for the quarter was 121 per-cent down from 134 percent in the first quarter of 2006 as 59 percent of all institutions saw their quarterly ROAs decline This is the lowest first-quarter ROA for the indus-try since 2001

Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline

Reflecting an erosion in asset quality provisions for loan losses totaled $92 billion in the first quarter an increase of $32 billion (546 percent) from a year earlier Noninterest expenses were up by $30 billion (36 percent) as several large banks reported higher payroll expenses These higher costs were partially offset by increased net interest income (up $33 billion or 40 percent) higher noninterest income (up $12 billion or 19 percent) and gains on sales of securities and other assets (up $852 million or 1270 percent) Lower revenues from securitization and servicing activities limited the year-over-year improvement in nonin-terest income

Chart 1 Chart 2

295 302 304 311 318 312 325

311 340 343 347

327

369 380 381 354 360

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 0

100

200

300

400

$ Billions

Securities and Other GainsLosses Net Net Operating Income

2006200520042003 2007

FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr EEaarrnniinnggss WWeerree FFoouurrtthh--HHiigghheesstt EEvveerr

32 30

33

12 09

00

10

20

30

40

1st Quarter 2006 to 1st Quarter 2007 ($ Billions)

Positive Factors

Negative Factors

Increase in Net Interest

Income

Increase in Noninterest

Income

Increase in Loan Loss Provision

Increase in Gains on

Securities Sales

Increase in Noninterest

Expense

TThhee IInnccrreeaassee iinn LLoossss PPrroovviissiioonnss WWaass tthhee LLaarrggeesstt iinn FFiivvee YYeeaarrss

FDIC QUARTERLY 1 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions

A combination of stable interest rates and a flat yield curve had different effects on margins at small and large institutions in the first quarter The industryrsquos net interest margin (NIM) was 332 percent in the first quarter above the 320 percent average in the fourth quarter of 2006 but below the 346 per-cent average in the first quarter of 2006 The first consecu-tive-quarter margin improvement in the last seven quarters was concentrated among larger institutions At institutions with more than $10 billion in assets average asset yields increased and average funding costs declined from fourth-quarter levels lifting net interest margins At institutions with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion average asset yields increased but so did average funding costs Neverthe-less the improvement in yields outweighed the rise in fund-ing costs and this group saw its average margin increase as well At institutions with less than $1 billion in assets how-ever average asset yields were lower than in the fourth quar-ter while average funding costs were higher so average margins were down The 391 percent average margin for institutions with less than $1 billion in assets was the lowest level for this group in 16 years Compared to a year ago average margins were lower for all size groups Because of the narrower margins net interest income in the first quarter was up by only 40 percent from a year earlier even though inter-est-earning assets grew by 73 percent At many institutions narrower margins contributed to lower profitability Among institutions that reported year-over-year declines in quarterly ROA 84 percent also reported declines in net interest mar-gins At institutions reporting year-over-year declines in quarterly NIMs 72 percent also had lower ROAs

Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses

The $92 billion that the industry set aside in provisions for loan losses during the first quarter was slightly below the $98 billion set aside in the fourth quarter of 2006 but the $32-billion year-over-year increase was the largest since the first quarter of 2002 Loss provisions exceeded net charge-offs by $11 billion (131 percent) the fifth quarter in a row that provisions have exceeded loan losses Net charge-offs totaled $81 billion an increase of $27 billion (484 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 Charge-offs were higher in most loan categories Net charge-offs of credit card loans rebound-ed from an unusually low level a year ago increasing by $850 million (292 percent) Similarly net charge-offs of other loans to individuals were $754 million (600 percent) higher than a year earlier Net charge-offs of loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers increased by $470 million (786 percent) and net charge-offs of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans were up by $268 million (932 percent)

Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter

Since reaching a cyclical low of 070 percent at the middle of last year the percent of insured institutionsrsquo loans that are noncurrent (90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status) has risen in each succeeding quarter At the end of March the noncurrent rate stood at 083 percent its highest level in two and a half years During the quarter noncurrent loans increased by $40 billion (70 percent) Noncurrent levels increased in most loan categories during the first quarter with

Chart 3 Chart 4

0305 0605 0905 1205 0306 0606 0906 1206 0307 40

50

60

70

Percent of Institutions with Quarterly Earnings Gains

484

MMoorree IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss AArree HHaavviinngg TTrroouubbllee GGrroowwiinngg TThheeiirr EEaarrnniinnggss

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 300

350

400

450

Net Interest Margin ()

Assets gt $100 Million

Assets lt $100 Million

20072006200520042003

407

331

MMaarrggiinnss IImmpprroovveedd aatt LLaarrggee IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FDIC QUARTERLY 2 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

the largest increases occurring in real estate loans Noncur-rent residential mortgage loans increased by $17 billion (73 percent) while noncurrent construction and development loans rose by $15 billion (361 percent) The rising trend in noncurrent loans was fairly widespread almost half of all institutions (457 percent) saw their noncurrent loans increase in the first quarter The percentage of 1-4 family res-idential mortgage loans that were noncurrent rose from 105 percent to 113 percent during the quarter This is the high-est noncurrent rate for residential mortgage loans since midyear 1994

Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years

Insured institutions set aside $11 billion more in loss provi-sions than they charged off during the quarter contributing to a $993-million (13-percent) increase in loan-loss reserves This is the largest increase in loss reserves since the fourth quarter of 2002 The increase in reserves caused the indus-tryrsquos ratio of reserves to total loans to move up slightly from 107 percent to 108 percent during the quarter This is the first increase in the industryrsquos reserve ratio since the first quarter of 2002 the current level is the second-lowest the ratio has been since 1985 The increase in reserves failed to keep pace with growth in noncurrent loans and the indus-tryrsquos ldquocoverage ratiordquo of loss reserves to noncurrent loans fell from $137 in reserves for every $100 in noncurrent loans to $130 during the quarter This is the fourth consecutive quar-ter that the coverage ratio has fallen It is now at its lowest level since March 2003

Chart 5

Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity

Insured institutions paid $262 billion in dividends in the quarter an increase of $73 billion (387 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 as a few large institutions reported siz-able dividend increases Retained earnings totaled only $98 billion for the quarter $82 billion (455 percent) less than a year earlier Partly as a result of the lower retained earnings total equity capital increased by only $197 billion less than half the $445-billion increase in equity capital that the industry registered a year ago This increase (the smallest in the last six quarters) was enough to raise the industryrsquos equi-ty-to-assets ratio from 1052 percent to 1058 percent Aver-age equity ratios increased for all size groups of insured institutions during the quarter The industryrsquos regulatory cap-ital ratios remained largely unchanged as levels rose slightly at smaller institutions and declined slightly at larger institu-tions The divergence between the improvement in the equi-ty capital ratio and the lack of improvement in regulatory capital ratios is due to an increase in the riskiness of industry assets that is reflected in some regulatory capital ratios as well as the fact that one-fourth of the increase in equity con-sisted of goodwill which is not included in regulatory capital

Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate

A slower growth environment prevailed in the first quarter as total assets increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) high-er than the $1067-billion increase in the fourth quarter of 2006 but still the second-smallest increase in industry assets in the last fourteen quarters During the twelve months ended March 31 assets of insured institutions grew by 69-

Chart 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

55

60

65

Efficiency Ratio ()

Assets gt $1 Billion

Assets lt $1 Billion

2007200620052004

667

563

TThhee ldquoldquoEEffffiicciieennccyy GGaapprdquordquo BBeettwweeeenn LLaarrggee aanndd SSmmaallll IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss IIss GGrroowwiinngg

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10

15

20

25

30 Return on RWA ( Annualized)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

751

16 Return on Risk-Weighted Assets

Risk-Weighted Assets to Assets

RWA to Assets ()

Note RWA = Assets weighted according to risk categories used in regulatory capital computations

TThhee IInndduussttrryy IIss TTaakkiinngg OOnn MMoorree RRiisskk

FDIC QUARTERLY 3 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 3: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

FDIC Quarterly 2007 Volume 1 Number 1

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation reported net income of $360 billion in first quarter 2007 This is slightly below the $369 billion earned a year ago but still the fourth-highest amount ever reported by the industry Higher expenses for credit losses at large banks and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions posed chal-lenges to earnings during the quarter See page 1

Insurance Fund Indicators Insured deposits grew by 20 percent during the first quarter of 2007 while the Deposit Insurance Fund reserve ratio declined one basis point to 120 percent One institution failed during the first quarter ending ten consecutive quarters without a failure See page 14

Feature Article Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo Even with the greater access to banking products and services provided through the development of alternative delivery channels including the Internet about 10 million American households typical-ly low- and moderate-income families do not use the banking system Many more only use a limited number of banking services A particular type of savings account the Individual Development Account (IDA) is a relatively low risk way for banks to introduce these households to the banking system This article explains how IDAs operate describes banksrsquo experience with IDAs and points bankers to sources of information about these programs See page 22

Chairman Sheila C Bair

Director Division of Insurance Arthur J Murton and Research

Executive Editor Maureen E Sweeney

Managing Editors Richard Brown Diane L Ellis Christopher Newbury

Editors Kim E Lowry Kathy Zeidler

Publication Managers Geri Bonebrake Elena Johnson Lynne Montgomery

Media Inquiries (202) 898-6993

The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Some of the information used in the preparation of this publication was obtained from publicly available sources that are considered reliable However the use of this information does not constitute an endorsement of its accura-cy by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Articles may be reprinted or abstracted if the publication and author(s) are credited Please provide the FDICrsquos Division of Insurance and Research with a copy of any publications containing reprinted material

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007

Industry Reports Year-Over-Year Earnings Decline Rising Loan Loss Provisions Reduce Profits at Larger Institutions Net Interest Margins Decline at Small Institutions Rise at Large Banks Loan Growth Slows for Fourth Consecutive Quarter Mortgage Assets Decline for Second Quarter in a Row

Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions

Higher credit expenses at large institutions and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions exerted down-ward pressure on earnings of FDIC-insured institutions in the first quarter of 2007 The industry reported total net income of $360 billion in the quarter the fourth-highest quarterly amount ever but it was $912 million (25 per-cent) less than the earnings posted in the first quarter of 2006 This is the largest year-over-year decline in quarterly earnings since the first quarter of 2001 A significant part of the decrease was attributable to a change in the way that earnings were reported in the aftermath of a large corporate restructuring but lower operating results at a number of institutions also contributed to the earnings drop Evidence of pressure on earnings was widespread as a majority of institutions (503 percent) reported lower quarterly net income Narrower net interest margins had a negative effect on earnings of smaller banks and thrifts while higher expenses for bad loans were more significant for large banks More than two out of every three institutions mdash 679 percent mdash reported lower net interest margins than a year ago but only 366 percent of all institutions reported

higher provisions for loan losses Among institutions with more than $10 billion in assets 73 percent raised their loss provisions The average ROA for the quarter was 121 per-cent down from 134 percent in the first quarter of 2006 as 59 percent of all institutions saw their quarterly ROAs decline This is the lowest first-quarter ROA for the indus-try since 2001

Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline

Reflecting an erosion in asset quality provisions for loan losses totaled $92 billion in the first quarter an increase of $32 billion (546 percent) from a year earlier Noninterest expenses were up by $30 billion (36 percent) as several large banks reported higher payroll expenses These higher costs were partially offset by increased net interest income (up $33 billion or 40 percent) higher noninterest income (up $12 billion or 19 percent) and gains on sales of securities and other assets (up $852 million or 1270 percent) Lower revenues from securitization and servicing activities limited the year-over-year improvement in nonin-terest income

Chart 1 Chart 2

295 302 304 311 318 312 325

311 340 343 347

327

369 380 381 354 360

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 0

100

200

300

400

$ Billions

Securities and Other GainsLosses Net Net Operating Income

2006200520042003 2007

FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr EEaarrnniinnggss WWeerree FFoouurrtthh--HHiigghheesstt EEvveerr

32 30

33

12 09

00

10

20

30

40

1st Quarter 2006 to 1st Quarter 2007 ($ Billions)

Positive Factors

Negative Factors

Increase in Net Interest

Income

Increase in Noninterest

Income

Increase in Loan Loss Provision

Increase in Gains on

Securities Sales

Increase in Noninterest

Expense

TThhee IInnccrreeaassee iinn LLoossss PPrroovviissiioonnss WWaass tthhee LLaarrggeesstt iinn FFiivvee YYeeaarrss

FDIC QUARTERLY 1 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions

A combination of stable interest rates and a flat yield curve had different effects on margins at small and large institutions in the first quarter The industryrsquos net interest margin (NIM) was 332 percent in the first quarter above the 320 percent average in the fourth quarter of 2006 but below the 346 per-cent average in the first quarter of 2006 The first consecu-tive-quarter margin improvement in the last seven quarters was concentrated among larger institutions At institutions with more than $10 billion in assets average asset yields increased and average funding costs declined from fourth-quarter levels lifting net interest margins At institutions with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion average asset yields increased but so did average funding costs Neverthe-less the improvement in yields outweighed the rise in fund-ing costs and this group saw its average margin increase as well At institutions with less than $1 billion in assets how-ever average asset yields were lower than in the fourth quar-ter while average funding costs were higher so average margins were down The 391 percent average margin for institutions with less than $1 billion in assets was the lowest level for this group in 16 years Compared to a year ago average margins were lower for all size groups Because of the narrower margins net interest income in the first quarter was up by only 40 percent from a year earlier even though inter-est-earning assets grew by 73 percent At many institutions narrower margins contributed to lower profitability Among institutions that reported year-over-year declines in quarterly ROA 84 percent also reported declines in net interest mar-gins At institutions reporting year-over-year declines in quarterly NIMs 72 percent also had lower ROAs

Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses

The $92 billion that the industry set aside in provisions for loan losses during the first quarter was slightly below the $98 billion set aside in the fourth quarter of 2006 but the $32-billion year-over-year increase was the largest since the first quarter of 2002 Loss provisions exceeded net charge-offs by $11 billion (131 percent) the fifth quarter in a row that provisions have exceeded loan losses Net charge-offs totaled $81 billion an increase of $27 billion (484 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 Charge-offs were higher in most loan categories Net charge-offs of credit card loans rebound-ed from an unusually low level a year ago increasing by $850 million (292 percent) Similarly net charge-offs of other loans to individuals were $754 million (600 percent) higher than a year earlier Net charge-offs of loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers increased by $470 million (786 percent) and net charge-offs of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans were up by $268 million (932 percent)

Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter

Since reaching a cyclical low of 070 percent at the middle of last year the percent of insured institutionsrsquo loans that are noncurrent (90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status) has risen in each succeeding quarter At the end of March the noncurrent rate stood at 083 percent its highest level in two and a half years During the quarter noncurrent loans increased by $40 billion (70 percent) Noncurrent levels increased in most loan categories during the first quarter with

Chart 3 Chart 4

0305 0605 0905 1205 0306 0606 0906 1206 0307 40

50

60

70

Percent of Institutions with Quarterly Earnings Gains

484

MMoorree IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss AArree HHaavviinngg TTrroouubbllee GGrroowwiinngg TThheeiirr EEaarrnniinnggss

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 300

350

400

450

Net Interest Margin ()

Assets gt $100 Million

Assets lt $100 Million

20072006200520042003

407

331

MMaarrggiinnss IImmpprroovveedd aatt LLaarrggee IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FDIC QUARTERLY 2 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

the largest increases occurring in real estate loans Noncur-rent residential mortgage loans increased by $17 billion (73 percent) while noncurrent construction and development loans rose by $15 billion (361 percent) The rising trend in noncurrent loans was fairly widespread almost half of all institutions (457 percent) saw their noncurrent loans increase in the first quarter The percentage of 1-4 family res-idential mortgage loans that were noncurrent rose from 105 percent to 113 percent during the quarter This is the high-est noncurrent rate for residential mortgage loans since midyear 1994

Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years

Insured institutions set aside $11 billion more in loss provi-sions than they charged off during the quarter contributing to a $993-million (13-percent) increase in loan-loss reserves This is the largest increase in loss reserves since the fourth quarter of 2002 The increase in reserves caused the indus-tryrsquos ratio of reserves to total loans to move up slightly from 107 percent to 108 percent during the quarter This is the first increase in the industryrsquos reserve ratio since the first quarter of 2002 the current level is the second-lowest the ratio has been since 1985 The increase in reserves failed to keep pace with growth in noncurrent loans and the indus-tryrsquos ldquocoverage ratiordquo of loss reserves to noncurrent loans fell from $137 in reserves for every $100 in noncurrent loans to $130 during the quarter This is the fourth consecutive quar-ter that the coverage ratio has fallen It is now at its lowest level since March 2003

Chart 5

Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity

Insured institutions paid $262 billion in dividends in the quarter an increase of $73 billion (387 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 as a few large institutions reported siz-able dividend increases Retained earnings totaled only $98 billion for the quarter $82 billion (455 percent) less than a year earlier Partly as a result of the lower retained earnings total equity capital increased by only $197 billion less than half the $445-billion increase in equity capital that the industry registered a year ago This increase (the smallest in the last six quarters) was enough to raise the industryrsquos equi-ty-to-assets ratio from 1052 percent to 1058 percent Aver-age equity ratios increased for all size groups of insured institutions during the quarter The industryrsquos regulatory cap-ital ratios remained largely unchanged as levels rose slightly at smaller institutions and declined slightly at larger institu-tions The divergence between the improvement in the equi-ty capital ratio and the lack of improvement in regulatory capital ratios is due to an increase in the riskiness of industry assets that is reflected in some regulatory capital ratios as well as the fact that one-fourth of the increase in equity con-sisted of goodwill which is not included in regulatory capital

Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate

A slower growth environment prevailed in the first quarter as total assets increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) high-er than the $1067-billion increase in the fourth quarter of 2006 but still the second-smallest increase in industry assets in the last fourteen quarters During the twelve months ended March 31 assets of insured institutions grew by 69-

Chart 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

55

60

65

Efficiency Ratio ()

Assets gt $1 Billion

Assets lt $1 Billion

2007200620052004

667

563

TThhee ldquoldquoEEffffiicciieennccyy GGaapprdquordquo BBeettwweeeenn LLaarrggee aanndd SSmmaallll IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss IIss GGrroowwiinngg

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10

15

20

25

30 Return on RWA ( Annualized)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

751

16 Return on Risk-Weighted Assets

Risk-Weighted Assets to Assets

RWA to Assets ()

Note RWA = Assets weighted according to risk categories used in regulatory capital computations

TThhee IInndduussttrryy IIss TTaakkiinngg OOnn MMoorree RRiisskk

FDIC QUARTERLY 3 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 4: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile First Quarter 2007

Industry Reports Year-Over-Year Earnings Decline Rising Loan Loss Provisions Reduce Profits at Larger Institutions Net Interest Margins Decline at Small Institutions Rise at Large Banks Loan Growth Slows for Fourth Consecutive Quarter Mortgage Assets Decline for Second Quarter in a Row

Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions

Higher credit expenses at large institutions and narrower net interest margins at smaller institutions exerted down-ward pressure on earnings of FDIC-insured institutions in the first quarter of 2007 The industry reported total net income of $360 billion in the quarter the fourth-highest quarterly amount ever but it was $912 million (25 per-cent) less than the earnings posted in the first quarter of 2006 This is the largest year-over-year decline in quarterly earnings since the first quarter of 2001 A significant part of the decrease was attributable to a change in the way that earnings were reported in the aftermath of a large corporate restructuring but lower operating results at a number of institutions also contributed to the earnings drop Evidence of pressure on earnings was widespread as a majority of institutions (503 percent) reported lower quarterly net income Narrower net interest margins had a negative effect on earnings of smaller banks and thrifts while higher expenses for bad loans were more significant for large banks More than two out of every three institutions mdash 679 percent mdash reported lower net interest margins than a year ago but only 366 percent of all institutions reported

higher provisions for loan losses Among institutions with more than $10 billion in assets 73 percent raised their loss provisions The average ROA for the quarter was 121 per-cent down from 134 percent in the first quarter of 2006 as 59 percent of all institutions saw their quarterly ROAs decline This is the lowest first-quarter ROA for the indus-try since 2001

Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline

Reflecting an erosion in asset quality provisions for loan losses totaled $92 billion in the first quarter an increase of $32 billion (546 percent) from a year earlier Noninterest expenses were up by $30 billion (36 percent) as several large banks reported higher payroll expenses These higher costs were partially offset by increased net interest income (up $33 billion or 40 percent) higher noninterest income (up $12 billion or 19 percent) and gains on sales of securities and other assets (up $852 million or 1270 percent) Lower revenues from securitization and servicing activities limited the year-over-year improvement in nonin-terest income

Chart 1 Chart 2

295 302 304 311 318 312 325

311 340 343 347

327

369 380 381 354 360

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 0

100

200

300

400

$ Billions

Securities and Other GainsLosses Net Net Operating Income

2006200520042003 2007

FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr EEaarrnniinnggss WWeerree FFoouurrtthh--HHiigghheesstt EEvveerr

32 30

33

12 09

00

10

20

30

40

1st Quarter 2006 to 1st Quarter 2007 ($ Billions)

Positive Factors

Negative Factors

Increase in Net Interest

Income

Increase in Noninterest

Income

Increase in Loan Loss Provision

Increase in Gains on

Securities Sales

Increase in Noninterest

Expense

TThhee IInnccrreeaassee iinn LLoossss PPrroovviissiioonnss WWaass tthhee LLaarrggeesstt iinn FFiivvee YYeeaarrss

FDIC QUARTERLY 1 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions

A combination of stable interest rates and a flat yield curve had different effects on margins at small and large institutions in the first quarter The industryrsquos net interest margin (NIM) was 332 percent in the first quarter above the 320 percent average in the fourth quarter of 2006 but below the 346 per-cent average in the first quarter of 2006 The first consecu-tive-quarter margin improvement in the last seven quarters was concentrated among larger institutions At institutions with more than $10 billion in assets average asset yields increased and average funding costs declined from fourth-quarter levels lifting net interest margins At institutions with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion average asset yields increased but so did average funding costs Neverthe-less the improvement in yields outweighed the rise in fund-ing costs and this group saw its average margin increase as well At institutions with less than $1 billion in assets how-ever average asset yields were lower than in the fourth quar-ter while average funding costs were higher so average margins were down The 391 percent average margin for institutions with less than $1 billion in assets was the lowest level for this group in 16 years Compared to a year ago average margins were lower for all size groups Because of the narrower margins net interest income in the first quarter was up by only 40 percent from a year earlier even though inter-est-earning assets grew by 73 percent At many institutions narrower margins contributed to lower profitability Among institutions that reported year-over-year declines in quarterly ROA 84 percent also reported declines in net interest mar-gins At institutions reporting year-over-year declines in quarterly NIMs 72 percent also had lower ROAs

Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses

The $92 billion that the industry set aside in provisions for loan losses during the first quarter was slightly below the $98 billion set aside in the fourth quarter of 2006 but the $32-billion year-over-year increase was the largest since the first quarter of 2002 Loss provisions exceeded net charge-offs by $11 billion (131 percent) the fifth quarter in a row that provisions have exceeded loan losses Net charge-offs totaled $81 billion an increase of $27 billion (484 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 Charge-offs were higher in most loan categories Net charge-offs of credit card loans rebound-ed from an unusually low level a year ago increasing by $850 million (292 percent) Similarly net charge-offs of other loans to individuals were $754 million (600 percent) higher than a year earlier Net charge-offs of loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers increased by $470 million (786 percent) and net charge-offs of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans were up by $268 million (932 percent)

Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter

Since reaching a cyclical low of 070 percent at the middle of last year the percent of insured institutionsrsquo loans that are noncurrent (90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status) has risen in each succeeding quarter At the end of March the noncurrent rate stood at 083 percent its highest level in two and a half years During the quarter noncurrent loans increased by $40 billion (70 percent) Noncurrent levels increased in most loan categories during the first quarter with

Chart 3 Chart 4

0305 0605 0905 1205 0306 0606 0906 1206 0307 40

50

60

70

Percent of Institutions with Quarterly Earnings Gains

484

MMoorree IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss AArree HHaavviinngg TTrroouubbllee GGrroowwiinngg TThheeiirr EEaarrnniinnggss

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 300

350

400

450

Net Interest Margin ()

Assets gt $100 Million

Assets lt $100 Million

20072006200520042003

407

331

MMaarrggiinnss IImmpprroovveedd aatt LLaarrggee IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FDIC QUARTERLY 2 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

the largest increases occurring in real estate loans Noncur-rent residential mortgage loans increased by $17 billion (73 percent) while noncurrent construction and development loans rose by $15 billion (361 percent) The rising trend in noncurrent loans was fairly widespread almost half of all institutions (457 percent) saw their noncurrent loans increase in the first quarter The percentage of 1-4 family res-idential mortgage loans that were noncurrent rose from 105 percent to 113 percent during the quarter This is the high-est noncurrent rate for residential mortgage loans since midyear 1994

Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years

Insured institutions set aside $11 billion more in loss provi-sions than they charged off during the quarter contributing to a $993-million (13-percent) increase in loan-loss reserves This is the largest increase in loss reserves since the fourth quarter of 2002 The increase in reserves caused the indus-tryrsquos ratio of reserves to total loans to move up slightly from 107 percent to 108 percent during the quarter This is the first increase in the industryrsquos reserve ratio since the first quarter of 2002 the current level is the second-lowest the ratio has been since 1985 The increase in reserves failed to keep pace with growth in noncurrent loans and the indus-tryrsquos ldquocoverage ratiordquo of loss reserves to noncurrent loans fell from $137 in reserves for every $100 in noncurrent loans to $130 during the quarter This is the fourth consecutive quar-ter that the coverage ratio has fallen It is now at its lowest level since March 2003

Chart 5

Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity

Insured institutions paid $262 billion in dividends in the quarter an increase of $73 billion (387 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 as a few large institutions reported siz-able dividend increases Retained earnings totaled only $98 billion for the quarter $82 billion (455 percent) less than a year earlier Partly as a result of the lower retained earnings total equity capital increased by only $197 billion less than half the $445-billion increase in equity capital that the industry registered a year ago This increase (the smallest in the last six quarters) was enough to raise the industryrsquos equi-ty-to-assets ratio from 1052 percent to 1058 percent Aver-age equity ratios increased for all size groups of insured institutions during the quarter The industryrsquos regulatory cap-ital ratios remained largely unchanged as levels rose slightly at smaller institutions and declined slightly at larger institu-tions The divergence between the improvement in the equi-ty capital ratio and the lack of improvement in regulatory capital ratios is due to an increase in the riskiness of industry assets that is reflected in some regulatory capital ratios as well as the fact that one-fourth of the increase in equity con-sisted of goodwill which is not included in regulatory capital

Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate

A slower growth environment prevailed in the first quarter as total assets increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) high-er than the $1067-billion increase in the fourth quarter of 2006 but still the second-smallest increase in industry assets in the last fourteen quarters During the twelve months ended March 31 assets of insured institutions grew by 69-

Chart 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

55

60

65

Efficiency Ratio ()

Assets gt $1 Billion

Assets lt $1 Billion

2007200620052004

667

563

TThhee ldquoldquoEEffffiicciieennccyy GGaapprdquordquo BBeettwweeeenn LLaarrggee aanndd SSmmaallll IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss IIss GGrroowwiinngg

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10

15

20

25

30 Return on RWA ( Annualized)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

751

16 Return on Risk-Weighted Assets

Risk-Weighted Assets to Assets

RWA to Assets ()

Note RWA = Assets weighted according to risk categories used in regulatory capital computations

TThhee IInndduussttrryy IIss TTaakkiinngg OOnn MMoorree RRiisskk

FDIC QUARTERLY 3 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 5: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions

A combination of stable interest rates and a flat yield curve had different effects on margins at small and large institutions in the first quarter The industryrsquos net interest margin (NIM) was 332 percent in the first quarter above the 320 percent average in the fourth quarter of 2006 but below the 346 per-cent average in the first quarter of 2006 The first consecu-tive-quarter margin improvement in the last seven quarters was concentrated among larger institutions At institutions with more than $10 billion in assets average asset yields increased and average funding costs declined from fourth-quarter levels lifting net interest margins At institutions with assets between $1 billion and $10 billion average asset yields increased but so did average funding costs Neverthe-less the improvement in yields outweighed the rise in fund-ing costs and this group saw its average margin increase as well At institutions with less than $1 billion in assets how-ever average asset yields were lower than in the fourth quar-ter while average funding costs were higher so average margins were down The 391 percent average margin for institutions with less than $1 billion in assets was the lowest level for this group in 16 years Compared to a year ago average margins were lower for all size groups Because of the narrower margins net interest income in the first quarter was up by only 40 percent from a year earlier even though inter-est-earning assets grew by 73 percent At many institutions narrower margins contributed to lower profitability Among institutions that reported year-over-year declines in quarterly ROA 84 percent also reported declines in net interest mar-gins At institutions reporting year-over-year declines in quarterly NIMs 72 percent also had lower ROAs

Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses

The $92 billion that the industry set aside in provisions for loan losses during the first quarter was slightly below the $98 billion set aside in the fourth quarter of 2006 but the $32-billion year-over-year increase was the largest since the first quarter of 2002 Loss provisions exceeded net charge-offs by $11 billion (131 percent) the fifth quarter in a row that provisions have exceeded loan losses Net charge-offs totaled $81 billion an increase of $27 billion (484 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 Charge-offs were higher in most loan categories Net charge-offs of credit card loans rebound-ed from an unusually low level a year ago increasing by $850 million (292 percent) Similarly net charge-offs of other loans to individuals were $754 million (600 percent) higher than a year earlier Net charge-offs of loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers increased by $470 million (786 percent) and net charge-offs of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans were up by $268 million (932 percent)

Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter

Since reaching a cyclical low of 070 percent at the middle of last year the percent of insured institutionsrsquo loans that are noncurrent (90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status) has risen in each succeeding quarter At the end of March the noncurrent rate stood at 083 percent its highest level in two and a half years During the quarter noncurrent loans increased by $40 billion (70 percent) Noncurrent levels increased in most loan categories during the first quarter with

Chart 3 Chart 4

0305 0605 0905 1205 0306 0606 0906 1206 0307 40

50

60

70

Percent of Institutions with Quarterly Earnings Gains

484

MMoorree IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss AArree HHaavviinngg TTrroouubbllee GGrroowwiinngg TThheeiirr EEaarrnniinnggss

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 300

350

400

450

Net Interest Margin ()

Assets gt $100 Million

Assets lt $100 Million

20072006200520042003

407

331

MMaarrggiinnss IImmpprroovveedd aatt LLaarrggee IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FDIC QUARTERLY 2 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

the largest increases occurring in real estate loans Noncur-rent residential mortgage loans increased by $17 billion (73 percent) while noncurrent construction and development loans rose by $15 billion (361 percent) The rising trend in noncurrent loans was fairly widespread almost half of all institutions (457 percent) saw their noncurrent loans increase in the first quarter The percentage of 1-4 family res-idential mortgage loans that were noncurrent rose from 105 percent to 113 percent during the quarter This is the high-est noncurrent rate for residential mortgage loans since midyear 1994

Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years

Insured institutions set aside $11 billion more in loss provi-sions than they charged off during the quarter contributing to a $993-million (13-percent) increase in loan-loss reserves This is the largest increase in loss reserves since the fourth quarter of 2002 The increase in reserves caused the indus-tryrsquos ratio of reserves to total loans to move up slightly from 107 percent to 108 percent during the quarter This is the first increase in the industryrsquos reserve ratio since the first quarter of 2002 the current level is the second-lowest the ratio has been since 1985 The increase in reserves failed to keep pace with growth in noncurrent loans and the indus-tryrsquos ldquocoverage ratiordquo of loss reserves to noncurrent loans fell from $137 in reserves for every $100 in noncurrent loans to $130 during the quarter This is the fourth consecutive quar-ter that the coverage ratio has fallen It is now at its lowest level since March 2003

Chart 5

Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity

Insured institutions paid $262 billion in dividends in the quarter an increase of $73 billion (387 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 as a few large institutions reported siz-able dividend increases Retained earnings totaled only $98 billion for the quarter $82 billion (455 percent) less than a year earlier Partly as a result of the lower retained earnings total equity capital increased by only $197 billion less than half the $445-billion increase in equity capital that the industry registered a year ago This increase (the smallest in the last six quarters) was enough to raise the industryrsquos equi-ty-to-assets ratio from 1052 percent to 1058 percent Aver-age equity ratios increased for all size groups of insured institutions during the quarter The industryrsquos regulatory cap-ital ratios remained largely unchanged as levels rose slightly at smaller institutions and declined slightly at larger institu-tions The divergence between the improvement in the equi-ty capital ratio and the lack of improvement in regulatory capital ratios is due to an increase in the riskiness of industry assets that is reflected in some regulatory capital ratios as well as the fact that one-fourth of the increase in equity con-sisted of goodwill which is not included in regulatory capital

Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate

A slower growth environment prevailed in the first quarter as total assets increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) high-er than the $1067-billion increase in the fourth quarter of 2006 but still the second-smallest increase in industry assets in the last fourteen quarters During the twelve months ended March 31 assets of insured institutions grew by 69-

Chart 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

55

60

65

Efficiency Ratio ()

Assets gt $1 Billion

Assets lt $1 Billion

2007200620052004

667

563

TThhee ldquoldquoEEffffiicciieennccyy GGaapprdquordquo BBeettwweeeenn LLaarrggee aanndd SSmmaallll IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss IIss GGrroowwiinngg

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10

15

20

25

30 Return on RWA ( Annualized)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

751

16 Return on Risk-Weighted Assets

Risk-Weighted Assets to Assets

RWA to Assets ()

Note RWA = Assets weighted according to risk categories used in regulatory capital computations

TThhee IInndduussttrryy IIss TTaakkiinngg OOnn MMoorree RRiisskk

FDIC QUARTERLY 3 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 6: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

the largest increases occurring in real estate loans Noncur-rent residential mortgage loans increased by $17 billion (73 percent) while noncurrent construction and development loans rose by $15 billion (361 percent) The rising trend in noncurrent loans was fairly widespread almost half of all institutions (457 percent) saw their noncurrent loans increase in the first quarter The percentage of 1-4 family res-idential mortgage loans that were noncurrent rose from 105 percent to 113 percent during the quarter This is the high-est noncurrent rate for residential mortgage loans since midyear 1994

Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years

Insured institutions set aside $11 billion more in loss provi-sions than they charged off during the quarter contributing to a $993-million (13-percent) increase in loan-loss reserves This is the largest increase in loss reserves since the fourth quarter of 2002 The increase in reserves caused the indus-tryrsquos ratio of reserves to total loans to move up slightly from 107 percent to 108 percent during the quarter This is the first increase in the industryrsquos reserve ratio since the first quarter of 2002 the current level is the second-lowest the ratio has been since 1985 The increase in reserves failed to keep pace with growth in noncurrent loans and the indus-tryrsquos ldquocoverage ratiordquo of loss reserves to noncurrent loans fell from $137 in reserves for every $100 in noncurrent loans to $130 during the quarter This is the fourth consecutive quar-ter that the coverage ratio has fallen It is now at its lowest level since March 2003

Chart 5

Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity

Insured institutions paid $262 billion in dividends in the quarter an increase of $73 billion (387 percent) from the first quarter of 2006 as a few large institutions reported siz-able dividend increases Retained earnings totaled only $98 billion for the quarter $82 billion (455 percent) less than a year earlier Partly as a result of the lower retained earnings total equity capital increased by only $197 billion less than half the $445-billion increase in equity capital that the industry registered a year ago This increase (the smallest in the last six quarters) was enough to raise the industryrsquos equi-ty-to-assets ratio from 1052 percent to 1058 percent Aver-age equity ratios increased for all size groups of insured institutions during the quarter The industryrsquos regulatory cap-ital ratios remained largely unchanged as levels rose slightly at smaller institutions and declined slightly at larger institu-tions The divergence between the improvement in the equi-ty capital ratio and the lack of improvement in regulatory capital ratios is due to an increase in the riskiness of industry assets that is reflected in some regulatory capital ratios as well as the fact that one-fourth of the increase in equity con-sisted of goodwill which is not included in regulatory capital

Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate

A slower growth environment prevailed in the first quarter as total assets increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) high-er than the $1067-billion increase in the fourth quarter of 2006 but still the second-smallest increase in industry assets in the last fourteen quarters During the twelve months ended March 31 assets of insured institutions grew by 69-

Chart 6

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1

55

60

65

Efficiency Ratio ()

Assets gt $1 Billion

Assets lt $1 Billion

2007200620052004

667

563

TThhee ldquoldquoEEffffiicciieennccyy GGaapprdquordquo BBeettwweeeenn LLaarrggee aanndd SSmmaallll IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss IIss GGrroowwiinngg

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

10

15

20

25

30 Return on RWA ( Annualized)

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

751

16 Return on Risk-Weighted Assets

Risk-Weighted Assets to Assets

RWA to Assets ()

Note RWA = Assets weighted according to risk categories used in regulatory capital computations

TThhee IInndduussttrryy IIss TTaakkiinngg OOnn MMoorree RRiisskk

FDIC QUARTERLY 3 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 7: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

AuthorsAuthorsAuthorsAuthors

percent the slowest 12-month growth rate in four and a half years The slowdown in asset growth has been led by slower loan growth Total loans and leases increased by $438 bil-lion (06 percent) during the quarter the smallest quarterly increase since the first quarter of 2002 Some categories of real estate loans experienced shrinkage during the quarter while growth in other categories slowed Institutionsrsquo resi-dential mortgage loans declined for the first time in thirteen quarters falling by $65 billion (03 percent) home equity lines dropped by $26 billion (05 percent) and real estate loans secured by multifamily residential properties declined by $11 billion (06 percent) Real estate construction and development loans grew by $168 billion but this was the smallest quarterly increase for these loans since the second quarter of 2004 Mortgage-backed securities declined for the third quarter in a row falling by $40 million For the second quarter in a row total mortgage assets of insured institutions (mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities) declined Loans to commercial and industrial (CampI) borrowers were one of the few loan categories that had strong growth during the quarter increasing by $351 billion (29 percent) Loans to individuals other than credit cards also grew strongly ris-ing by $209 billion (37 percent) with most of the growth occurring at a few large lenders Fed funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell increased by $574 bil-lion (102 percent)

Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong

Total deposits grew by $700 billion (09 percent) the small-est quarterly increase since the third quarter of 2003 Domes-tic deposit growth was slightly stronger deposits in domestic offices increased by $633 billion (10 percent) as strong

Chart 7

growth in interest-bearing accounts outweighed a $438-bil-lion (36-percent) decline in noninterest-bearing deposits Among the interest-bearing deposits time deposits increased by only $164 billion (07 percent) while other interest-bear-ing deposits were up by $908 billion (31 percent) Nonde-posit liabilities increased by $311 billion (11 percent) during the quarter with most of the growth occurring in short-term borrowings Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks declined by $144 billion (23 percent) after falling by $117 billion (18 percent) in the fourth quarter of 2006

Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004

At the end of March there were 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions reporting financial results a net decline of 31 institutions compared with the number reporting at the end of 2006 There were 41 new reporters added during the first quarter while 72 institutions were absorbed by mergers One FDIC-insured commercial bank with $153 million in assets failed during the quarter It was the first failure of an FDIC-insured institution since June 25 2004 the longest period without a failure in the his-tory of the FDIC The number of institutions on the FDICrsquos ldquoProblem Listrdquo increased from 50 to 53 during the first quar-ter and assets of ldquoproblemrdquo institutions rose from $83 billion to $214 billion During the quarter two insured savings institutions with combined assets of $16 billion converted from mutual to stock ownership

Authors Richard Brown Chief Economist FD(202)898-3927

Ross Waldrop IC Sr Banking Analyst

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

(202)898-3951

Chart 8

1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2007 00

10

20

30

40

Percent of Loans and Leases

Four-quarter average rate Prior to 1991 ratio reflects insured commercial banks only

Net Charge-Off Rate

Noncurrent Rate

IIss tthhee CCrreeddiitt CCyyccllee TTuurrnniinngg

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

0

100

200

300

400 $ Billions

Mortgage Assets Other Interest-Earning Assets

MMoorrttggaaggee AAccttiivviittyy IIss NNoo LLoonnggeerr CCoonnttrriibbuuttiinngg ttoo GGrroowwtthh

FDIC QUARTERLY 4 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 8: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE II--AA SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Return on assets () 121 134 128 130 128 138 130 Return on equity () 1144 1295 1231 1273 1320 1505 1408 Core capital (leverage) ratio () 823 827 823 825 811 788 786 Noncurrent assets plus

other real estate owned to assets () 056 048 053 050 053 075 090 Net charge-offs to loans () 045 032 039 050 056 078 097 Asset growth rate () 688 898 903 765 1135 758 720 Net interest margin () 332 346 331 350 354 373 396 Net operating income growth () -270 847 856 1143 402 1639 1758 Number of institutions reporting 8650 8790 8681 8833 8976 9181 9354

Commercial banks 7380 7491 7402 7526 7631 7770 7888 Savings institutions 1270 1299 1279 1307 1345 1411 1466

Percentage of unprofitable institutions () 887 661 783 622 596 599 667 Number of problem institutions 53 48 50 52 80 116 136 Assets of problem institutions (in billions) $21 $5 $8 $7 $28 $30 $39 Number of failedassisted institutions 1 0 0 0 4 3 11 Excludes insured branches of foreign banks (IBAs) Through March 31 ratios annualized where appropriate Asset growth rates are for 12 months ending March 31

TTAABBLLEE IIII--AA AAggggrreeggaattee CCoonnddiittiioonn aanndd IInnccoommee DDaattaa AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss (dollar figures in millions)

Number of institutions reporting

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 061-071

8650 8681 8790 -16 Total employees (full-time equivalent) CONDITION DATA

2223402 2206645 2172999 23

Total assets $11981168 $11860318 $11209794 69 Loans secured by real estate 4535981 4507842 4255516 66

1-4 Family residential mortgages 2169287 2175795 2101766 32 Nonfarm nonresidential 921233 904408 842433 94 Construction and development 582067 565289 486842 196 Home equity lines 556741 559301 530738 49

Commercial amp industrial loans 1250160 1215100 1125652 111 Loans to individuals 945365 955256 923569 24

Credit cards 354169 384980 358627 -12 Farm loans 52813 54258 49243 73 Other loans amp leases 494960 503031 513196 -36 Less Unearned income 2286 2397 3344 -317 Total loans amp leases 7276995 7233090 6863831 60 Less Reserve for losses 78636 77643 77661 13 Net loans and leases 7198359 7155447 6786169 61 Securities 1969447 1980445 1956166 07 Other real estate owned 6961 6060 5117 360 Goodwill and other intangibles 423495 413443 380790 112 All other assets 2382905 2304923 2081551 145

Total liabilities and capital 11981168 11860318 11209794 69 Deposits 7895117 7825158 7318770 79

Domestic office deposits 6694491 6631123 6330959 57 Foreign office deposits 1200626 1194036 987811 215

Other borrowed funds 2174410 2121122 2118169 27 Subordinated debt 165323 160547 135458 220 All other liabilities 478431 505347 474159 09 Equity capital 1267887 1248144 1163238 90

Loans and leases 30-89 days past due 70479 71751 56325 251 Noncurrent loans and leases 60541 56575 48604 246 Restructured loans and leases 3241 2713 3301 -18 Direct and indirect investments in real estate 1036 1091 1102 -59 Mortgage-backed securities 1195617 1195657 1188249 06 Earning assets 10513998 10336160 9795063 73 FHLB Advances 606501 620909 598302 14 Unused loan commitments 7821527 7572885 7297380 72 Trust assets 19937320 19285909 17431010 144 Assets securitized and sold 1661338 1310787 964366 723 Notional amount of derivatives 146084457 132181371 111086862 315

INCOME DATA Full Year Full Year 1st Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2006 2005 Change 2007 2006 061-071 Total interest income Total interest expense

Net interest income Provision for loan and lease losses Total noninterest income Total noninterest expense Securities gains (losses) Applicable income taxes Extraordinary gains net

Net income Net charge-offs Cash dividends Retained earnings Net operating income

$643500 $522044 233 $176349 $151732 162 313360 205035 528 89766 68480 311 330140 317009 41 86583 83252 40 29465 29748 -10 9193 5946 546

240481 223389 77 62233 61051 19 332305 317304 47 87661 84619 36

2010 4929 -592 1523 671 1270 68133 64616 54 17141 17710 -32 2663 252 NM -353 203 NM

145391 133910 86 35990 36903 -25 26825 31591 -151 8130 5477 484 93436 73172 277 26163 18869 387 51955 60738 -145 9827 18033 -455

141504 130352 86 35290 36268 -27

Call Report filers only NM - Not Meaningful

FDIC QUARTERLY 5 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 9: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8650 27 4 1617 4720 796 116 404 905 61 Commercial banks 7380 24 4 1612 4260 161 87 363 822 47 Savings institutions 1270 3 0 5 460 635 29 41 83 14

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $4078 $24357 $1490 $47580 $15069 $995 $457 $1191 $24595 Commercial banks 101338 3925 24357 1485 42767 2887 474 376 1012 24056 Savings institutions 18473 153 00 05 4813 12182 521 82 179 539

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1101 14359 1224 34176 9564 772 331 982 16443 Commercial banks 67225 1073 14359 1220 31235 1738 353 271 840 16137 Savings institutions 11726 28 00 04 2940 7825 419 61 142 307

Net income (in millions) 35990 3844 5564 443 13959 3438 437 230 284 7791 Commercial banks 31514 3698 5564 442 12714 685 284 149 265 7713 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

4476 146 0 1 1245 2753 153 82 19 78

Yield on earning assets 677 1251 604 701 704 656 827 554 642 618 Cost of funding earning assets 345 434 357 310 331 385 324 238 279 329

Net interest margin 332 817 246 391 373 271 503 315 363 289 Noninterest income to assets 209 961 255 065 145 092 247 846 080 234 Noninterest expense to assets 294 795 297 266 279 204 346 821 286 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 261 038 015 020 016 106 006 009 014 Net operating income to assets 118 347 089 120 121 077 170 199 094 126 Pretax return on assets 178 571 136 143 172 140 274 308 120 188 Return on assets 121 370 093 119 118 091 179 205 096 127 Return on equity 1144 1538 1210 1105 1046 907 1738 1002 861 1297 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 386 057 014 022 021 143 018 015 031 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 9266 15320 16443 13143 10801 9549 16004 10493 8556 Efficiency ratio 5756 4622 6288 6208 5755 5901 4835 7216 6881 5751 of unprofitable institutions 887 1111 000 390 932 1357 776 2252 575 164 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 3704 5000 5226 5155 2626 4052 4381 4740 5410

Earning assets to total assets Loss allowance to

8775 7792 8598 9231 8892 9152 9268 8906 9207 8588

Loans and leases 108 386 109 136 113 050 143 132 121 073 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 21273 12657 13062 14958 5967 20978 20100 14243 9497

other real estate owned to assets 056 132 040 079 061 067 055 018 059 045 Equity capital ratio 1058 2448 767 1087 1133 1015 1025 2027 1114 976 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1594 604 1038 903 812 973 1856 1086 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1502 811 1404 1056 1308 1168 4355 1791 962 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 1814 1158 1513 1277 1477 1262 4456 1906 1218 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 25980 7270 7958 9591 10817 9887 3050 6730 7944 Net loans to total assets 6008 7017 4286 6538 6889 6865 7672 2208 5548 5311 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 2495 2803 8215 6926 6341 7633 7020 8243 5410

New Charters 41 1 0 1 12 0 0 27 0 0 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 1 0 8 53 4 1 1 1 3 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 30 4 1647 4629 864 120 436 1001 59 2004 9116 34 6 1730 4278 1026 140 519 1296 87 2002 9521 48 6 1852 4031 1201 214 463 1611 95

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $3702 $19723 $1403 $38449 $17456 $986 $500 $1286 $28592 2004 93772 3323 14928 1277 28985 13960 5063 588 1680 23967 2002 78235 2993 12108 1185 35795 11911 1514 495 1983 10251

Return on assets () 2006 134 457 116 126 135 105 219 -131 106 123 2004 138 393 112 127 133 117 152 138 110 136 2002 129 322 082 125 134 131 144 -216 115 126

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 295 053 009 017 011 095 016 012 018 2004 064 517 130 012 031 012 071 070 024 034 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 709 149 020 062 016 110 067 024 084

OREO to assets () 2006 048 117 042 067 049 055 051 023 053 037 2004 067 145 085 085 065 057 091 036 068 046 2002 092 173 114 091 092 068 124 034 067 070

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 2722 795 1081 1029 1081 963 1939 1104 955 2004 945 1758 741 1081 951 907 890 1660 1077 950 2002 922 1483 757 1056 962 883 841 1630 1025 802

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 6 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 10: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--AA FFiirrsstt QQuuaarrtteerr 22000077 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

FIRST QUARTER (The way it is)

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8650 3598 4397 536 119 1089 1221 1818 2007 1742 773

Commercial banks 7380 3212 3672 408 88 575 1076 1500 1902 1622 705 Savings institutions 1270 386 725 128 31 514 145 318 105 120 68

Total assets (in billions) $119812 $1896 $12982 $14209 $90724 $22027 $29487 $27788 $8635 $6628 $25248 Commercial banks 101338 1698 10523 10832 78285 15634 26803 26252 8257 5568 18825 Savings institutions 18473 198 2459 3376 12440 6392 2685 1536 377 1060 6423

Total deposits (in billions) 78951 1557 10469 10274 56650 14056 19796 17382 6368 5072 16278 Commercial banks 67225 1406 8603 7903 49313 9726 18046 16273 6108 4414 12659 Savings institutions 11726 151 1866 2372 7337 4330 1750 1109 260 658 3619

Net income (in millions) 35990 402 3506 4052 28030 6077 9065 7429 3776 1825 7818 Commercial banks 31514 373 3104 3461 24576 5065 8501 7191 3704 1577 5475 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios (annualized )

4476 29 402 591 3454 1012 564 238 71 248 2343

Yield on earning assets 677 696 710 702 668 683 658 623 756 709 719 Cost of funding earning assets 345 289 321 335 351 345 344 341 317 326 363

Net interest margin 332 407 389 367 317 337 314 282 439 384 355 Noninterest income to assets 209 121 116 147 234 224 182 215 343 135 194 Noninterest expense to assets 294 369 313 286 291 311 263 281 424 314 282 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 031 016 016 025 034 044 011 021 051 017 049 Net operating income to assets 118 085 108 114 121 108 122 106 174 111 119 Pretax return on assets 178 110 147 171 185 164 184 160 250 148 188 Return on assets 121 086 109 115 124 110 124 108 175 111 125 Return on equity 1144 647 1043 1031 1191 873 1231 1180 1653 1059 1144 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 11308 18687 17095 14969 10727 9619 8515 12244 11339 14067 13690 Efficiency ratio 5756 7440 6558 5835 5603 5765 5684 5977 5725 6463 5444 of unprofitable institutions 887 1520 455 317 252 1331 1220 875 603 540 1281 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios()

4838 4666 4983 4851 4622 3480 4791 4334 4938 5896 5369

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8775 9226 9214 9111 8651 8705 8726 8767 8713 8970 8875

Loans and leases 108 131 118 117 104 140 088 117 116 112 095 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus 12989 13107 14686 15584 12291 15369 17226 12087 8851 13330 11426

other real estate owned to assets 056 077 067 057 054 055 036 060 107 063 058 Equity capital ratio 1058 1324 1050 1124 1044 1273 1004 913 1057 1059 1094 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1317 1005 946 766 909 738 736 858 876 916 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1942 1352 1236 966 1250 931 902 1010 1201 1191 Total risk-based capital ratio 1299 2049 1464 1364 1253 1461 1172 1178 1278 1333 1465 Net loans and leases to deposits 9117 7505 8490 9362 9234 8895 9160 8570 9677 7995 9973 Net loans to total assets 6008 6163 6846 6770 5766 5676 6150 5361 7137 6118 6430 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5588 8211 8052 7168 4932 5664 5992 5231 6870 7566 4484

New Charters 41 37 3 1 0 7 12 4 2 7 9 Institutions absorbed by mergers 72 30 35 7 0 11 8 13 13 17 10 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FIRST QUARTERS (The way it was)

1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2006 8790 3826 4334 511 119 1106 1225 1863 2055 1783 758 2004 9116 4300 4238 465 113 1162 1231 1996 2122 1853 752 2002 9521 5000 3982 437 102 1238 1255 2097 2202 1940 789

Total assets (in billions) 2006 $112098 $1990 $12594 $13956 $83558 $28662 $27594 $26040 $8196 $6207 $15399 2004 93772 2219 11694 12821 67039 31868 19956 17003 7388 5710 11849 2002 78235 2500 10687 12613 52436 26517 15713 14688 4156 5456 11706

Return on assets () 2006 134 095 111 130 139 129 133 110 159 131 171 2004 138 100 117 148 141 132 132 138 152 135 157 2002 129 098 099 142 134 116 135 123 154 136 148

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2006 032 012 012 018 039 047 016 023 035 016 052 2004 064 019 022 044 078 096 036 043 090 034 066 2002

Noncurrent assets plus

098 022 029 068 124 154 064 078 121 039 078

OREO to assets () 2006 048 069 052 044 048 039 031 053 084 068 060 2004 067 084 066 059 068 069 046 079 088 075 059 2002 092 085 073 075 100 098 083 104 083 084 080

Equity capital ratio () 2006 1038 1229 1028 1078 1028 1115 977 902 1048 1019 1236 2004 945 1173 1018 1071 900 913 858 874 1044 964 1207 2002 922 1103 985 975 888 896 935 880 995 956 975

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations

FDIC QUARTERLY 7 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 11: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

8681 26 4 1634 4712 817 124 412 895 57 Commercial banks 7402 24 4 1628 4246 177 95 370 815 43 Savings institutions 1279 2 0 6 466 640 29 42 80 14

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $4084 $23372 $1492 $49049 $14450 $1099 $422 $1195 $23440 Commercial banks 100904 4066 23372 1487 44155 3127 414 347 1031 22905 Savings institutions 17699 18 00 05 4894 11322 686 75 165 535

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1078 14170 1222 35178 9153 763 299 976 15412 Commercial banks 67314 1071 14170 1217 32260 2074 311 245 846 15121 Savings institutions 10938 08 00 04 2919 7079 453 54 131 291

Net income (in millions) 145391 15616 22388 1765 60211 13000 1967 673 1218 28553 Commercial banks 128365 15529 22388 1759 55087 3147 997 283 1134 28041 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 87 0 6 5124 9853 970 390 84 512

Yield on earning assets 645 1284 560 683 673 582 884 539 621 606 Cost of funding earning assets 314 401 334 279 300 331 331 228 249 308

Net interest margin 331 882 226 404 374 251 552 311 372 299 Noninterest income to assets 212 1119 231 068 152 124 249 862 106 220 Noninterest expense to assets 293 872 277 273 278 214 467 876 305 272 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 265 023 016 018 012 143 017 012 009 Net operating income to assets 125 419 090 124 130 084 094 142 104 126 Pretax return on assets 188 652 139 149 185 145 271 250 130 192 Return on assets 128 419 101 123 128 094 175 150 104 126 Return on equity 1231 1681 1245 1148 1177 1040 1423 692 961 1298 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 348 048 017 022 015 140 040 020 022 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 10762 10420 13488 12431 11142 12651 15815 10832 7888 Efficiency ratio 5682 4497 6377 6175 5632 5924 6075 6891 6787 5627 of unprofitable institutions 783 385 000 263 893 991 645 2233 369 175 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 7692 7500 5306 6365 2729 5081 4587 4682 6491

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 7596 8533 9155 8855 9114 9126 8819 9167 8481

Loans and leases 107 382 103 134 111 049 182 142 122 074 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 20153 12183 15484 16445 7071 17603 19348 15009 9246

other real estate owned to assets 053 137 040 067 054 056 085 020 056 045 Equity capital ratio 1052 2288 775 1073 1116 991 1416 2110 1098 978 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1533 604 1035 902 794 1294 1887 1083 720 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1262 827 1395 1049 1278 1601 4464 1781 995 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 1574 1185 1504 1268 1443 1700 4575 1898 1246 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 26266 7236 7981 9541 11039 11267 3080 6805 7923 Net loans to total assets 6033 6935 4387 6533 6843 6993 7822 2181 5558 5209 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 2285 2954 8186 6875 6326 6822 6911 8164 5280

New Charters 191 0 0 3 50 2 2 128 5 1 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 3 5 32 266 11 1 4 9 11 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 33 4 1685 4617 887 125 425 995 62 2003 9181 36 6 1767 4254 1033 157 529 1308 91 2001 9614 56 5 1875 3967 1242 228 477 1663 101

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $3591 $18512 $1423 $42573 $16551 $1173 $477 $1287 $23196 2003 90753 3484 14480 1295 29238 16576 1466 611 1711 21893 2001 78691 3347 11763 1201 35391 11788 1408 497 2029 11267

Return on assets () 2005 130 290 086 127 137 107 155 219 109 141 2003 138 408 110 120 128 138 131 185 106 134 2001 114 289 084 112 112 105 129 184 104 109

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 464 087 018 023 012 144 026 023 025 2003 078 522 140 028 046 018 209 122 038 062 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 452 088 036 068 019 139 050 033 075

OREO to assets () 2005 050 132 046 061 048 056 051 024 054 039 2003 075 163 093 081 068 073 099 033 071 059 2001 087 154 100 081 092 065 130 031 066 064

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 2151 830 1054 1083 939 1011 1947 1083 953 2003 915 1604 739 1064 924 910 730 1674 1045 887 2001 898 1312 751 1047 946 825 760 1756 1037 795

Asset Concentration Group Definitions (Groups are hierarchical and mutually exclusive) Credit-card Lenders - Institutions whose credit-card loans plus securitized receivables exceed 50 percent of total assets plus securitized receivables International Banks - Banks with assets greater than $10 billion and more than 25 percent of total assets in foreign offices Agricultural Banks - Banks whose agricultural production loans plus real estate loans secured by farmland exceed 25 percent of the total loans and leases Commercial Lenders - Institutions whose commercial and industrial loans plus real estate construction and development loans plus loans

secured by commercial real estate properties exceed 25 percent of total assets Mortgage Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus mortgage-backed securities exceed 50 percent of total assets Consumer Lenders - Institutions whose residential mortgage loans plus credit-card loans plus other loans to individuals exceed 50 percent of total assets Other Specialized lt $1 Billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion whose loans and leases are less than 40 percent of total assets All Other lt $1 billion - Institutions with assets less than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations All Other gt $1 billion - Institutions with assets greater than $1 billion that do not meet any of the definitions above they have significant lending

activity with no identified asset concentrations

FDIC QUARTERLY 8 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 12: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--AA FFuullll--YYeeaarr 22000066 AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

Number of institutions reporting

All Insured

Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than $100

Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco 8681 3633 4399 530 119 1093 1218 1826 2018 1753 773

Commercial banks 7402 3246 3662 406 88 575 1074 1507 1914 1629 703 Savings institutions 1279 387 737 124 31 518 144 319 104 124 70

Total assets (in billions) $118603 $1899 $12900 $13977 $89827 $22145 $29114 $27462 $8598 $6523 $24761 Commercial banks 100904 1704 10396 10764 78041 15757 27499 25939 8228 5471 18009 Savings institutions 17699 196 2504 3213 11786 6388 1614 1523 370 1051 6752

Total deposits (in billions) 78252 1559 10356 9924 56413 13959 19669 17469 6275 4943 15937 Commercial banks 67314 1410 8475 7676 49753 9728 18599 16390 6028 4299 12269 Savings institutions 10938 149 1881 2248 6660 4230 1070 1078 247 645 3668

Net income (in millions) 145391 1694 14492 16287 112919 27447 36194 29212 14741 7669 30129 Commercial banks 128365 1546 12277 13726 100816 21975 34881 28029 14444 6530 22506 Savings institutions

Performance Ratios ()

17026 148 2214 2561 12103 5471 1313 1182 297 1139 7623

Yield on earning assets 645 662 691 673 633 650 646 597 750 675 651 Cost of funding earning assets 314 251 288 305 321 314 319 320 292 282 318

Net interest margin 331 411 402 369 312 335 326 276 458 393 333 Noninterest income to assets 212 118 124 140 238 241 190 211 326 142 188 Noninterest expense to assets 293 362 320 278 289 306 263 277 423 319 279 Loan and lease loss provision to assets 026 018 018 018 028 046 013 017 037 015 033 Net operating income to assets 125 091 115 122 127 121 132 109 176 120 120 Pretax return on assets 188 118 158 180 195 188 196 159 262 163 192 Return on assets 128 092 116 122 131 127 131 110 177 123 130 Return on equity 1231 704 1127 1144 1275 1045 1327 1216 1629 1205 1200 Net charge-offs to loans and leases 039 018 016 020 046 072 019 028 055 021 042 Loan and lease loss provision to net charge-offs 10984 16360 16621 13523 10415 11171 10889 11055 9593 11096 11401 Efficiency ratio 5682 7266 6362 5716 5548 5465 5455 6000 5723 6370 5618 of unprofitable institutions 783 1360 396 208 084 1107 1182 668 461 531 1384 of institutions with earnings gains

Condition Ratios ()

5552 5059 5860 6245 6134 4053 6634 4387 5297 6589 7038

Earning assets to total assets Loss Allowance to

8715 9182 9185 9066 8583 8653 8672 8652 8596 8937 8874

Loans and leases 107 131 116 116 104 141 089 115 116 111 090 Noncurrent loans and leases

Noncurrent assets plus13724 13782 16344 17067 12828 16372 19009 12588 8895 13499 12170

other real estate owned to assets 053 073 059 052 052 051 033 057 105 062 053 Equity capital ratio 1052 1301 1039 1098 1042 1249 1005 907 1064 1042 1092 Core capital (leverage) ratio 823 1299 999 937 769 899 749 724 876 869 923 Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 1052 1920 1349 1227 968 1231 936 899 1009 1199 1205 Total risk-based capital ratio 1298 2027 1462 1356 1253 1438 1167 1179 1281 1329 1482 Net loans and leases to deposits 9144 7529 8542 9439 9248 8941 9141 8525 9675 8088 10124 Net loans to total assets 6033 6180 6857 6702 5808 5636 6175 5423 7061 6130 6516 Domestic deposits to total assets

Structural Changes

5591 8207 8018 7039 4962 5571 5988 5299 6842 7499 4529

New Charters 191 183 4 4 0 22 70 17 12 19 51 Institutions absorbed by mergers 342 135 165 31 11 37 78 70 71 48 38 Failed Institutions

PRIOR FULL YEARS (The way it was)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Number of institutions 2005 8833 3864 4339 512 118 1110 1227 1874 2070 1791 761 2003 9181 4390 4210 471 110 1173 1227 2011 2133 1866 771 2001 9614 5063 4006 444 101 1263 1273 2108 2216 1955 799

Total assets (in billions) 2005 $108782 $2008 $12475 $13932 $80367 $27682 $26839 $25058 $8036 $6077 $15089 2003 90753 2257 11605 13126 63765 30848 18826 16938 4563 5633 13943 2001 78691 2512 10707 12725 52747 27034 15867 14929 4064 5433 11364

Return on assets () 2005 130 100 124 129 131 122 142 100 162 119 160 2003 138 095 118 141 143 128 138 131 163 137 162 2001 114 085 108 126 114 101 111 107 142 125 146

Net charge-offs to loans amp leases () 2005 050 020 019 024 061 081 024 033 056 024 070 2003 078 031 036 054 094 116 054 072 109 040 058 2001

Noncurrent assets plus

083 033 035 083 096 102 075 079 080 043 080

OREO to assets () 2005 050 068 052 044 050 044 030 054 086 073 059 2003 075 083 069 062 078 078 056 086 084 076 076 2001 087 081 070 072 095 089 086 099 077 079 076

Equity capital ratio () 2005 1028 1216 1021 1068 1018 1054 980 923 1045 1017 1240 2003 915 1149 1005 1035 866 905 878 849 1059 960 1005 2001 898 1108 985 949 858 877 962 847 893 938 912

Regions New York - Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Puerto Rico

Rhode Island Vermont US Virgin Islands Atlanta - Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginia Chicago - Illinois Indiana Kentucky Michigan Ohio Wisconsin Kansas City - Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota Dallas - Arkansas Colorado Louisiana Mississippi New Mexico Oklahoma Tennessee Texas San Francisco - Alaska Arizona California Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada Oregon Pacific Islands Utah Washington Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 9 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 13: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All Insured Institutions

Asset Concentration Groups

Credit Card Banks

International Banks

Agricultural Banks

Commercial Lenders

Mortgage Lenders

Consumer Lenders

Other Specialized lt$1 Billion

All Other lt$1 Billion

All Other gt$1 Billion

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 243 139 136 089 102 063 121 145 080

Construction and development 108 000 250 208 105 149 082 116 130 085 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 000 099 114 060 042 072 117 119 033 Multifamily residential real estate 049 000 031 078 066 016 000 123 065 028 Home equity loans 069 248 073 066 059 083 036 057 064 073 Other 1-4 family residential 121 239 169 174 120 112 079 129 167 100

Commercial and industrial loans 063 257 042 170 067 072 126 201 158 044 Loans to individuals 162 196 178 197 135 103 143 187 207 152

Credit card loans 191 199 188 113 187 149 142 275 117 183 Other loans to individuals 144 174 174 202 127 080 143 175 210 146

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 007 080 131 075 063 012 073 080 031 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 184 113 144 087 101 114 138 150 077

All real estate loans 089 208 110 104 083 085 035 063 087 100 Construction and development 095 000 103 193 091 138 091 076 140 101 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 000 063 131 061 070 054 068 117 048 Multifamily residential real estate 060 000 036 061 079 025 011 154 145 037 Home equity loans 044 200 036 037 039 062 005 009 035 045 Other 1-4 family residential 113 221 135 087 114 091 050 057 072 141

Commercial and industrial loans 062 197 041 160 064 073 106 119 120 054 Loans to individuals 117 199 156 070 065 056 081 049 060 060

Credit card loans 193 207 199 106 165 127 130 103 104 170 Other loans to individuals 071 141 138 068 051 021 065 042 059 038

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 002 015 077 033 028 005 040 058 014 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 182 086 104 075 084 068 066 085 077

All real estate loans 010 157 021 004 009 009 014 003 005 008 Construction and development 007 000 000 012 008 010 027 -001 008 003 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 000 005 007 004 001 001 003 005 001 Multifamily residential real estate 002 000 000 000 003 000 000 000 005 006 Home equity loans 024 195 026 010 022 028 013 063 008 022 Other 1-4 family residential 010 086 022 007 013 007 016 002 005 005

Commercial and industrial loans 035 396 007 048 029 028 311 027 030 033 Loans to individuals 243 417 266 059 118 272 187 051 053 153

Credit card loans 407 423 314 315 356 654 362 235 394 375 Other loans to individuals 138 368 245 043 083 054 127 026 043 107

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 000 -002 000 025 030 032 043 000 015 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 386 057 014 022 021 142 018 015 031

All real estate loans $45360 $23 $4464 $551 $22272 $9588 $244 $63 $476 $7679 Construction and development 5821 00 83 51 4855 260 06 05 32 528 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 00 240 147 7021 440 21 18 114 1212 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 00 112 10 1157 474 02 01 08 155 Home equity loans 5567 13 880 09 2013 941 86 02 17 1606 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 10 2690 147 6870 7468 128 35 273 4073

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 245 2493 141 6739 263 72 13 69 2467 Loans to individuals 9454 2439 1849 64 2436 496 450 17 81 1621

Credit card loans 3542 2155 533 04 305 165 109 02 02 266 Other loans to individuals 5912 285 1315 60 2131 331 340 15 79 1355

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 268 1754 232 1719 51 10 09 43 1392 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 2976 10560 987 33165 10398 775 102 669 13159

All other real estate owned 69611 -64 6981 1450 37102 13458 215 137 1320 9011 Construction and development 6881 00 10 159 5746 617 04 05 163 178 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 01 60 535 9533 599 66 84 543 463 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 00 20 52 3309 88 02 00 58 147 1-4 family residential 35908 10 2561 425 15951 11865 143 42 530 4381 Farmland 668 00 00 276 330 00 02 06 26 26

See Table IV-A (page 8) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 10 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 14: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VV--AA LLooaann PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

March 31 2007 All

Insured Institutions

Asset Size Distribution Geographic Regions

Less than

$100 Million

$100 Million to

$1 Billion

$1 Billion to

$10 Billion

Greater than $10

Billion New York Atlanta Chicago Kansas

City Dallas San

Francisco

Percent of Loans 30-89 Days Past Due All loans secured by real estate 096 143 102 076 099 075 084 117 094 108 107

Construction and development 108 108 120 103 105 095 076 174 117 093 105 Nonfarm nonresidential 058 113 081 052 047 067 040 081 065 073 035 Multifamily residential real estate 049 097 074 087 029 027 059 148 046 064 018 Home equity loans 069 090 070 061 070 059 072 068 077 052 069 Other 1-4 family residential 121 187 120 082 125 082 109 138 118 173 142

Commercial and industrial loans 063 163 112 086 052 088 043 071 094 085 043 Loans to individuals 162 231 158 156 162 184 129 144 206 138 161

Credit card loans 191 168 243 171 192 202 194 181 185 114 184 Other loans to individuals 144 232 149 149 142 155 119 132 223 143 148

All other loans and leases (including farm) 064 128 091 068 060 067 050 067 052 091 080 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Noncurrent

097 151 106 083 097 098 079 106 106 106 102

All real estate loans 089 099 079 076 094 073 056 124 169 091 084 Construction and development 095 119 112 096 086 148 068 131 113 068 082 Nonfarm nonresidential 062 107 074 062 053 072 039 095 069 061 040 Multifamily residential real estate 060 108 063 088 049 024 043 173 039 123 040 Home equity loans 044 039 039 046 044 036 041 048 052 023 047 Other 1-4 family residential 113 096 073 081 123 071 063 168 341 154 101

Commercial and industrial loans 062 132 100 080 053 097 040 064 081 077 049 Loans to individuals 117 087 062 065 125 166 063 076 116 048 146

Credit card loans 193 091 213 136 197 226 169 165 152 093 179 Other loans to individuals 071 087 047 037 077 063 048 048 085 039 126

All other loans and leases (including farm) 023 076 055 039 018 012 014 026 028 070 027 Total loans and leases

Percent of Loans Charged-off (net YTD)

083 100 080 075 085 091 051 097 131 084 083

All real estate loans 010 006 004 005 012 005 006 019 012 007 010 Construction and development 007 011 006 008 008 009 007 011 008 008 001 Nonfarm nonresidential 004 005 003 000 006 003 003 010 -001 004 000 Multifamily residential real estate 002 003 005 006 001 000 -005 016 000 001 001 Home equity loans 024 006 007 019 026 013 017 029 036 021 027 Other 1-4 family residential 010 008 005 006 012 005 005 024 012 006 012

Commercial and industrial loans 035 043 029 038 035 065 023 021 075 021 032 Loans to individuals 243 044 094 182 260 330 131 130 277 101 321

Credit card loans 407 393 556 302 411 428 415 327 409 265 412 Other loans to individuals 138 037 046 135 150 153 083 065 152 068 265

All other loans and leases (including farm) 012 003 018 027 011 012 021 013 004 029 003 Total loans and leases

Loans Outstanding (in billions)

045 014 013 025 055 081 022 031 062 019 055

All real estate loans $45360 $793 $6965 $7206 $30397 $7561 $12374 $8705 $3561 $2805 $10354 Construction and development 5821 107 1405 1540 2769 611 1906 1198 471 740 896 Nonfarm nonresidential 9212 221 2371 2213 4407 1746 2432 1954 828 856 1397 Multifamily residential real estate 1920 18 271 409 1222 500 228 306 87 63 735 Home equity loans 5567 26 331 443 4767 531 1756 1521 715 190 855 Other 1-4 family residential 21693 326 2334 2479 16554 4135 5875 3564 1288 864 5967

Commercial and industrial loans 12502 173 1192 1450 9687 1783 2932 3293 1055 730 2709 Loans to individuals 9454 95 508 752 8099 2537 1682 1682 924 402 2227

Credit card loans 3542 02 47 214 3280 1596 212 407 431 66 830 Other loans to individuals 5912 93 461 538 4820 941 1471 1275 493 336 1397

All other loans and leases (including farm) 5478 124 335 332 4687 803 1310 1394 696 166 1109 Total loans and leases

Memo Other Real Estate Owned (in millions)

72793 1185 8999 9739 52870 12683 18299 15073 6235 4103 16400

All other real estate owned 69611 2675 14724 8346 43866 5063 13905 20039 11297 7608 11697 Construction and development 6881 349 3376 1929 1228 419 2246 1146 1089 1706 275 Nonfarm nonresidential 11883 1009 5489 2273 3112 1085 2784 2936 1770 2700 608 Multifamily residential real estate 3676 88 466 372 2750 45 2510 613 160 255 94 1-4 family residential 35908 1112 4973 3587 26236 3343 6077 10354 4297 2367 9469 Farmland 668 118 360 158 32 52 30 57 156 350 22

See Table IV-A (page 9) for explanations Noncurrent loan rates represent the percentage of loans in each category that are past due 90 days or more or that are in nonaccrual status

FDIC QUARTERLY 11 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

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Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 15: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

BlankBlankBlank

BlankBlank

TTAABBLLEE VVII--AA DDeerriivvaattiivveess AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss

(dollar figures in millions notional amounts unless otherwise indicated)

1st Quarter 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Change 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

ALL DERIVATIVE HOLDERS Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1050 1014 1013 992 981 70 74 639 252 85 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $8861789 $8832645 $8409669 $8276558 $8025662 104 $5142 $273101 $784998 $7798548 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5742345 5749612 5429994 5403746 5251640 93 4130 218248 575849 4944117 Total derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 118592547 107433612 103198718 98738848 92291252 285 119 16248 88600 118487580 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14167866 12564207 12226835 12256709 11248488 260 0 133 3850 14163883 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2317685 2270942 2218658 1902399 1420814 631 15 236 1006 2316427 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840594 893310 1558264 738026 653859 286 0 3 336 840254 Credit helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10165765 9019299 7904034 6569425 5472449 858 0 29 323 10165413 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Transaction Type

146084457 132181371 127106508 120205407 111086862 315 135 16649 94115 145973557

Swaps helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 88006829 81339522 77555615 74448925 68849645 278 21 6669 65910 87934230 Futures amp forwards helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15307229 14881672 14482742 13788776 13044998 173 45 2311 13883 15290991 Purchased options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15737388 12944822 13301414 12367870 11579154 359 16 5278 7620 15724473 Written options helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 15587925 13332188 12945812 12081029 11202378 391 53 2266 5786 15579821 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Fair Value of Derivative Contracts

134639371 122498203 118285583 112686600 104676175 286 135 16524 93198 134529514

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 24440 23299 22719 21194 20308 203 0 -1 7 24434 Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 74087 5324 4144 4641 4012 NM 0 0 -25 74113 Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -18823 -17845 -13526 -9364 -10632 770 1 9 53 -18885 Commodity amp other (excluding credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 22532 2658 2562 2806 2769 7137 0 0 2 22530 Credit derivatives as guarantor helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9033 31583 14671 7311 10228 -117 0 0 0 9033 Credit derivatives as beneficiary helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Maturity

-9677 -32745 -14819 -8992 -9223 49 0 0 0 -9677

Interest rate contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 33255881 29551704 26615326 22679708 20701316 606 41 3054 23763 33229023 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 33802007 31385572 30872307 31161579 29322655 153 3 7807 26548 33767649 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 24684519 23273615 22518236 22835007 21145459 167 17 2791 30628 24651083

Foreign exchange contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 8372499 7690210 6687566 7473995 6279115 333 0 20 2652 8369828 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 1571245 1415846 1573062 1240609 1455181 80 0 9 27 1571210 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 624415 592897 767427 518618 721164 -134 0 7 10 624398

Equity contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 397234 341346 333262 334732 288762 376 1 17 189 397026 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 236576 220856 296151 219638 200405 180 7 89 422 236058 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years 74332 44858 53988 44457 34279 1168 0 0 43 74290

Commodity amp other contracts helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip lt 1 year 271647 235107 496634 230213 214997 263 0 0 192 271454 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1-5 years 200533 272314 274378 177869 149315 343 0 3 120 200410 helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip gt 5 years

Risk-Based Capital Credit Equivalent Amount

23955 21581 14486 10426 7324 2271 0 0 24 23931

Total current exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 222 292 286 336 328 03 03 15 258 Total potential future exposure to tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1131 977 990 902 877 02 03 10 1324 Total exposure (credit equivalent amount) to tier 1 capital () hellip 1353 1269 1276 1238 1205 05 06 24 1582

Credit losses on derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR TRADING

-29 -251 -193 -33 36 NM 00 06 02 -37

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 151 147 147 149 148 20 5 40 50 56 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 7381546 7223466 6927469 6808697 6585433 121 354 17015 228498 7135678 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

4765635 4712044 4435577 4399031 4260458 119 280 13846 157985 4593523

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 115845677 104691811 100299894 96221190 89810085 290 7 200 36174 115809296 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12769140 11788411 11207259 11206773 10214072 250 0 15 2998 12766127 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2313326 2266778 2214881 1898493 1416918 633 0 5 427 2312894 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 840345 893087 1558095 737910 649704 293 0 0 301 840045 Total helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Trading Revenues Cash amp Derivative Instruments

131768488 119640087 115280129 110064365 102090779 291 7 220 39899 131728362

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2404 1146 546 1665 1242 936 0 0 13 2391 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1831 1613 1355 2672 2311 -208 0 0 7 1824 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1732 1214 1827 100 1801 -38 0 0 0 1732 Commodity amp other (including credit derivatives) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 175 -111 789 272 313 -441 0 0 0 175 Total trading revenues helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Share of Revenue

6142 3861 4517 4710 5666 84 0 0 21 6122

Trading revenues to gross revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 43 29 34 36 46 00 -01 04 44 Trading revenues to net operating revenues () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

HELD FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN TRADING

289 196 207 216 268 00 -04 33 297

Number of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 967 935 933 920 905 69 67 595 224 81 Total assets of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8632061 8603028 8224981 8123920 7863162 98 4631 253250 694953 7679227 Total deposits of institutions reporting derivatives helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Derivative Contracts by Underlying Risk Exposure

5578243 5588316 5304128 5299416 5138716 86 3735 201980 512881 4859646

Interest rate helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2746870 2741801 2898823 2517658 2481166 107 112 16048 52426 2678284 Foreign exchange helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 119405 111928 102685 100555 96178 242 0 21 259 119126 Equity helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4359 4164 3777 3906 3896 119 15 231 579 3533 Commodity amp other helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 249 223 169 116 4155 -940 0 3 36 210 Total notional amount helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2870882 2858117 3005455 2622234 2585396 110 128 16303 53299 2801152 All line items are reported on a quarterly basis NM - Not Meaningful Include spot foreign exchange contracts All other references to foreign exchange contracts in which notional values or fair values are reported exclude spot foreign exchange contracts Derivative contracts subject to the risk-based capital requirements for derivatives The reporting of credit losses on derivatives is applicable to all banks filing the FFIEC 031 report form and to those banks filing the FFIEC 041 report form that have $300 million or in more total assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 12 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 16: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

BlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlankBlank

Blank

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE VVIIII--AA SSeerrvviicciinngg SSeeccuurriittiizzaattiioonn aanndd AAsssseett SSaalleess AAccttiivviittiieess ((AAllll FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall BBaannkkss aanndd SSttaattee--CChhaarrtteerreedd SSaavviinnggss BBaannkkss))

(dollar figures in millions)

4th 3rd 2nd 1st Quarter Quarter Quarter Quarter 1st Quarter Change

2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 061-071

Asset Size Distribution $100 Million $1 Billion Greater

Less than to to than $100 Million $1 Billion $10 Billion $10 Billion

Assets Securitized and Sold with Servicing Retained or with Recourse or Other Seller-Provided Credit Enhancements Number of institutions reporting securitization activities helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

127 121 119 120 116 95 17 46 21 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip $1079891 $738996 $453900 $417800 $392412 1752 $91 $148 $1544 $1078108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 9339 8905 9257 9632 10768 -133 0 0 479 8860 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 367796 362467 422983 403434 402214 -86 0 6279 6675 354842 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14132 16263 16781 16665 16304 -133 0 0 399 13733 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 27737 28673 25753 24414 22165 251 0 8 0 27730 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12039 10543 8404 10582 10703 125 0 31 4465 7542 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 150404 144939 136330 121506 109800 370 2 93 1232 149077

Total securitized and sold helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

1661338 1310787 1073407 1004034 964366 723 93 6559 14794 1639893

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 6037 6627 4619 4336 4160 451 1 2 17 6017 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2368 2332 2358 2358 2387 -08 0 0 21 2347 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 17685 19182 25084 24495 23214 -238 0 440 168 17077 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 628 724 813 806 798 -213 0 0 16 612 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1861 1882 1653 1619 1612 154 0 0 0 1861 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 311 348 407 455 464 -330 0 0 82 229 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1052 997 761 727 777 354 1 25 51 974

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 29942 32093 35695 34796 33411 -104 2 468 356 29116 Total unused liquidity commitments provided to institutions own securitizations helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 30-89 Days Past Due ()

6119 6872 7323 9359 10867 -437 4 0 0 6116

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 211 303 245 207 175 000 006 080 211 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 070 074 072 058 049 000 000 163 065 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 191 198 204 192 201 000 236 071 193 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 145 169 131 114 106 000 000 072 147 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 242 302 303 262 254 000 000 000 242 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 066 071 117 123 122 000 000 152 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 015 021 023 013 011 000 000 015 015

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets 90 Days or More Past Due ()

187 238 198 175 166 000 226 095 188

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 108 117 090 113 107 000 000 033 108 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 035 050 031 031 030 000 000 101 032 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 178 172 160 161 161 000 169 059 180 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 016 026 018 016 017 000 000 010 016 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 203 211 213 214 213 000 000 000 203 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 055 066 076 088 094 000 000 122 016 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 014 018 020 015 014 000 000 008 014

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Securitized Loans Leases and Other Assets Charged-Off (net YTD annualized )

115 121 110 120 119 000 162 071 115

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 004 005 003 002 000 000 001 001 Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 021 025 019 012 006 000 000 324 005 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 112 380 286 190 089 000 119 053 113 Auto loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 026 068 045 027 023 000 000 010 026 Other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 038 149 120 071 045 000 000 000 038 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 036 133 117 082 044 000 000 099 -001 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 001 -001 -001 000 000 000 000 002 001

Total loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Loans

027 113 119 081 040 000 114 065 026

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 671 869 728 650 586 145 0 0 8 663 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 61569 75225 68885 82533 72954 -156 0 335 4405 56829 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Sellers Interests in Institutions Own Securitizations - Carried as Securities 2863 2596 2891 3284 2523 135 0 0 961 1902

Home equity loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 10 10 11 12 12 -167 0 0 0 10 Credit card receivables helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 281 322 184 137 72 2903 0 35 246 0 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Assets Sold with Recourse and Not Securitized

1 5 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 1

Number of institutions reporting asset sales helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Outstanding Principal Balance by Asset Type

726 715 708 698 691 51 168 421 94 43

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 56074 56102 56002 54319 53866 41 940 6552 2294 46289 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1904 708 115 124 902 1111 2 28 12 1862 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8198 6668 6781 6184 6112 341 16 87 324 7770 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8103 6981 7403 12998 16607 -512 2 47 195 7859

Total sold and not securitized helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Maximum Credit Exposure by Asset Type

74278 70458 70302 73625 77487 -41 960 6714 2825 63779

1-4 family residential loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 14185 13537 13698 12167 11987 183 60 1373 1490 11262 Home equity credit card receivables auto and other consumer loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1868 663 47 64 485 2852 2 7 6 1852 Commercial and industrial loans helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4543 4499 4479 4272 4132 99 16 56 324 4146 All other loans leases and other assets helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 2428 2530 2502 2161 2678 -93 2 16 92 2317

Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Support for Securitization Facilities Sponsored by Other Institutions

23024 21229 20726 18663 19281 194 81 1453 1913 19577

Number of institutions reporting securitization facilities sponsored by others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 47 47 48 46 45 44 22 14 3 8 Total credit exposure helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1348 1135 958 853 897 503 6 122 69 1150

Total unused liquidity commitments helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other

5827 6257 5066 4251 4651 253 0 0 0 5827

Assets serviced for others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Asset-backed commercial paper conduits

3494590 3392152 3072169 2836997 2647319 320 7388 69259 91471 3326473

Credit exposure to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 21404 20714 19244 19293 17503 223 2 83 1 21318 Unused liquidity commitments to conduits sponsored by institutions and others helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 327395 306435 294329 286363 288086 136 0 0 0 327395

Net servicing income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 3600 2161 3381 4262 4693 -233 46 172 134 3249 Net securitization income (for the quarter) helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 5051 2407 6832 6225 6705 -247 0 211 156 4684 Total credit exposure to Tier 1 capital () helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 57 58 61 59 60 04 16 18 75 Line item titled All other loans and all leases for quarters prior to March 31 2006 The amount of financial assets serviced for others other than closed-end 1-4 family residential mortgages is reported when these assets are greater than $10 million Total credit exposure includes the sum of the three line items titled Total credit exposure reported above

FDIC QUARTERLY 13 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 17: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Insurance Fund Indicators

Insured Deposits Grow by 20 Percent Up from the Prior Quarterrsquos 13 Percent Growth Rate

DIF Reserve Ratio Declines 1 Basis Point to 120 Percent Risk-based Assessment Changes Became Effective January 1 2007 One Institution Fails During First Quarter

Total assets of the nationrsquos 8650 FDIC-insured com-mercial banks and savings institutions increased by $1208 billion (10 percent) during the first quarter of 2007 Fifty-eight percent of the quarterrsquos asset growth was funded by deposits as interest-bearing deposits increased by 18 percent ($1155 billion) while nonin-terest-bearing deposits decreased by 36 percent ($455 billion) Domestic office deposits increased by 10 per-cent ($634 billion) and foreign office deposits increased by 06 percent ($66 billion)

Estimated insured deposits rose by 20 percent ($84 bil-lion) during the first three months of 2007 after a 67 percent rise for all of 2006 The first-quarter increase was up from the previous quarterrsquos 13 percent growth rate For institutions existing as of December 31 2006 and March 31 2007 insured deposits increased during the first quarter at 6151 institutions (71 percent) decreased at 2409 institutions (28 percent) and remained unchanged at 49 institutions

The Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) increased by 12 percent ($580 million) during the first quarter to $50745 million (unaudited) Accrued assessment income added $94 million to the DIF during the quar-ter This amount was determined by subtracting $820 million in estimated credits used from $914 million in gross assessment revenue Approximately 83 percent of all FDIC-insured institutions have credits to offset either some or all of their first quarter assessments The DIF increased $81 million from unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities $73 million from a decrease in provisions for insurance losses and $332 million (net of expenses) from interest on securities and other rev-enue

The DIFrsquos growth was not enough to offset the increase in insured deposits and the reserve ratio decreased from 121 percent on December 31 2006 to 120 percent on March 31 2007 Since the beginning of 2006 the DIF reserve ratio has dropped five basis points from 125 percent to 120 percent

On February 2 2007 the FDIC had its first institution failure since June of 2004 ending ten consecutive quar-ters without a failure the longest time span on record

Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation

On February 8 2006 the President signed the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 (the Reform Act) into law The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005 was signed into law on February 15 2006 and contains necessary tech-nical and conforming changes to implement deposit insurance requirements All final rules implementing changes to risk-based assessments were adopted by the FDIC Board by early November of 2006 and generally became effective January 1 2007

New Risk Categories and Assessment Rate Schedule

The previous nine risk categories (the risk-based assess-ment matrix) are consolidated into four categories to better align them with their respective historical failure and loss experience Capital ratios and supervisory rat-ings will continue to distinguish one risk category from another The following table shows the translation of the old nine-cell matrix to the new risk categories as well as the initial assessment rates (in basis points) for each new risk category In this table Supervisory Group A generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 1 or 2 Supervisory Group B gener-ally includes institutions with a CAMELS composite rating of 3 and Supervisory Group C generally includes institutions with CAMELS composite ratings of 4 or 5

These initial assessment rates are effective beginning January 1 2007 and are 3 basis points above the base rate schedule adopted in the final rule The FDIC may adjust rates up or down by 3 basis points from the base rate schedule without notice and comment provided

FDIC QUARTERLY 14 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 18: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

AuthorsAuthors

AuthorsAuthorsAuthors

Authors

Quarterly Banking Profile

RRiisskk CCaatteeggoorriieess aanndd AAsssseessssmmeenntt RRaattee SScchheedduullee Effective January 1 2007

SSuuppeerrvviissoorryy GGrroouupp

Capital Category A B C

I 1 Well Capitalized 5-7 bps IIIII

28 bps10 bps2 Adequately Capitalized

IVIII3 Undercapitalized 43 bps28 bps

that any single adjustment from one quarter to the next cannot move rates more than 3 basis points

Determining Risk-Based Assessment Rates for Institutions in Risk Category I

The spread between the lowest and highest risk-based assessment rates in Risk Category I is 2 basis points For most institutions in Risk Category I ndash all but insured branches of foreign banks and institutions that have at least $10 billion in assets and a long-term debt issuer rating ndash the assessment rate assigned will be based on a combination of financial ratios and CAMELS component ratings Rates determined from these risk measures were derived from a model that relates them to the historical frequency of CAMELS downgrades to lsquo3rsquo or worse in the succeeding year

For large institutions (generally those with at least $10 billion in assets) that have long-term debt issuer rat-ings assessment rates will be determined by weighting CAMELS component ratings 50 percent and long-term debt issuer ratings 50 percent For all large Risk Cate-gory I institutions additional risk factors will be consid-ered to determine whether assessment rates should be adjusted This additional information includes market data financial performance measures considerations of the ability of an institution to withstand financial stress and loss severity indicators Any adjustment will be limited to no more than frac12 basis point

Operational Changes to the Assessment System

Insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a

risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the quarter following the assessment period Payment will generally be due on the 30th day of the last month of the quarter following the assessment peri-od

Supervisory rating changes will be effective for assess-ment purposes as of the examination transmittal date For institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings changes in ratings will be effective for assessment pur-poses as of the date the change was announced

The assessment base will be based on the average daily deposits for banks with $1 billion or more in assets effective no later than March 31 2008 Until then any existing institution may choose whether to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits Thereafter an institution with less than $1 billion in assets may continue to choose to have its assessment base determined from quarter-end or average daily deposits However once an institution elects to report average daily deposits it must continue to do so thereafter The standard float deduction that had been used to determine the assessment base has been elimi-nated effective the first quarter of 2007

Assessment Credits

Congress awarded an aggregate assessment credit of $47 billion that has been distributed among all eligible insured depository institutions An eligible insured depository institution is one that was in existence on December 31 1996 and that paid assessments before that date (or is the successor to such an institution) Each institutionrsquos credit amount was based on the ratio of the institutionrsquos assessment base (plus its predeces-sorsrsquo assessment bases if any) on December 31 1996 to the combined total of all eligible insured depository institution assessment bases The FDIC will apply whatever credits an institution has available to its quar-terly assessment subject to certain statutory limitations Credits do not expire

Authors Kevin Brown Sr Financial Analyst (202) 898-6817

Brian Lewis Sr Financial Analyst (202 898-6510

Division of Insurance and Research FDIC

FDIC QUARTERLY 15 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 19: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

TTAABBLLEE II--BB IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaanncceess aanndd SSeelleecctteedd IInnddiiccaattoorrss (dollar figures in millions) Deposit Insurance Fund

1st Quarter 2007

4th Quarter 2006

3rd Quarter 2006

2nd Quarter 2006

1st Quarter 2006

4th Quarter 2005

3rd Quarter 2005

2nd Quarter 2005

Beginning Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Changes in Fund Balance

$50165 $49992 $49564 $49193 $48597 $48373 $48023 $47617

Assessments earnedhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 94 10 10 7 5 13 20 14

Interest earned on investment securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 567 476 622 665 478 675 536 657

Operating expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 239 248 237 242 224 252 227 254

Provision for insurance losseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip -73 49 -50 -6 -45 -19 -65 -57

All other income net of expenseshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Unrealized gain(loss) on available-for-sale

4 5 1 12 349 4 3 4

securitieshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 81 -21 -18 -77 -57 -235 -47 -72

Total fund balance changehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 580 173 428 371 596 224 350 406

Ending Fund Balancehelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 50745 50165 49992 49564 49193 48597 48373 48023

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 315 323 335 321 331 229 294 323

Reserve Ratio ()helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 120 121 122 123 123 125 126 128

Estimated Insured Deposits helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4237269 4152909 4099424 4040211 4001921 3890874 3830898 3757728

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 588 673 701 752 850 742 762 640

Assessment Base 6803266 6595293 6439293 6386880 6272524 6177373 6038813 5878968

Percent change from four quarters earlierhelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 846 677 663 864 815 887 947 836

Number of institutions reportinghelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 8662 8693 8755 8790 8803 8845 8870 8881

DDIIFF RReesseerrvvee RRaattiioo Percent of Insured Deposits

136

132

128

124

120

116

112 603 1203 604 1204 605 1205 606 1206

131

134 133 133

132 132 131

129 128

126 125

123 123 122

121 120

TTAABBLLEE IIII--BB PPrroobblleemm IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss aanndd FFaaiilleeddAAssssiisstteedd IInnssttiittuuttiioonnss

DDeeppoossiitt IInnssuurraannccee FFuunndd BBaallaannccee aanndd IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss

($Millions) DIF-Insured

DIF Balance Deposits

603 44883 3438360

903 45648 3414317

1203 46022 3452503

304 46558 3499469

604 46521 3531806

904 46990 3559489

1204 47507 3622068

305 47617 3688562

605 48023 3757728

905 48373 3830898

1205 48597 3890874

306 49193 4001921

606 49564 4040211

906 49992 4099424

1206 50165 4152909

307 50745 4237269

(dollar figures in millions) 2007 2006 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002

Problem Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

FailedAssisted Institutions Number of institutionshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip Total assetshelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

53

$21445

1

$15

48

$5416

0

$0

50

$8265

0

$0

52

$6607

0

$0

80

$28250

$166

116

$29917

$1097

136

$38927

1

$2558

Prior to 2006 amounts represent sum of separate BIF and SAIF amounts

First Quarter 2006 includes previously escrowed revenue from SAIF-member exit fees

Through March 31

FDIC QUARTERLY 16 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 20: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

TTAABBLLEE IIIIII--BB EEssttiimmaatteedd FFDDIICC--IInnssuurreedd DDeeppoossiittss bbyy TTyyppee ooff IInnssttiittuuttiioonn (dollar figures in millions) March 31 2007

Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions

Number of Institutions

Total Assets

Domestic Deposits

Est Insured Deposits

FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks helliphelliphelliphellip 7380 10133829 5522318 3325503 FDIC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 4783 1882524 1411780 946052 OCC-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1705 6848249 3281580 1871203 Federal Reserve-Supervised helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip 892 1403056 828958 508249

FDIC-Insured Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 1270 1847339 1172174 906291 OTS-Supervised Savings Institutions helliphelliphellip 837 1543349 955830 738426 FDIC-Supervised State Savings Banks helliphellip

Total Commercial Banks and

433 303991 216344 167864

Savings Institutions helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip

Other FDIC-Insured Institutions

8650 11981168 6694491 4231794

US Branches of Foreign Banks helliphelliphelliphelliphellip 12 17076 7506 5474

Total FDIC-Insured Institutions helliphelliphellip 8662 11998244 6701998 4237269 Excludes $1201 billion in foreign office deposits which are uninsured

TTAABBLLEE IIVV--BB AAsssseessssmmeenntt BBaassee DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn aanndd RRaattee SScchheedduulleess

Table IV-B which shows the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among risk categories is not includ-ed in this edition of the Quarterly Banking Profile As a result of final regulations implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 insured depository institutions will no longer be assigned a risk-based assessment rate for a semiannual period before the start of the semiannual period Instead beginning in 2007 each institution will be assigned a risk-based rate for a quarterly assessment period near the end of the following quarter The next edition will present a revised Table IV-B which will show the distribution of institutions and assessment bases among the new risk categories adopted in the regulations for the quarter ending March 31 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 17 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 21: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Notes To Users This publication contains financial data and other information for depository institutions insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor-poration (FDIC) These notes are an integral part of this publication and provide information regarding the comparability of source data and reporting differences over time

Tables I-A through VIII-A The information presented in Tables I-A through V-A of the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile is aggregated for all FDIC-insured Institu-tions both commercial banks and savings institutions Tables VI-A (Derivatives) and VII-A (Servicing Securitization and Asset Sales Activities) aggregate information only for insured commercial banks and state-chartered savings banks that file quarterly Call Reports Table VIII-A Trust Services aggregates Trust asset and income infor-mation collected annually from all FDIC-insured institutions Some tables are arrayed by groups of FDIC-insured institutions based on predominant types of asset concentration while other tables aggre-gate institutions by asset size and geographic region Quarterly and full-year data are provided for selected indicators including aggregate condition and income data performance ratios condition ratios and structural changes as well as past due noncurrent and charge-off information for loans outstanding and other assets

Tables I-B through IV-B A separate set of tables (Tables I-B through IV-B) provides compara-tive quarterly data related to the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) prob-lem institutions failedassisted institutions estimated FDIC-insured deposits as well as assessment rate information Depository institu-tions that are not insured by the FDIC through the DIF are not included in the FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US branches of institutions headquartered in foreign countries and non-deposit trust companies are not included unless otherwise indicated Efforts are made to obtain financial reports for all active institutions However in some cases final financial reports are not available for institutions that have closed or converted their charters

DATA SOURCES The financial information appearing in this publication is obtained primarily from the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Coun-cil (FFIEC) Call Reports and the OTS Thrift Financial Reports submit-ted by all FDIC-insured depository institutions This information is stored on and retrieved from the FDICrsquos Research Information System (RIS) data base

COMPUTATION METHODOLOGY Certain adjustments are made to the OTS Thrift Financial Reports to provide closer conformance with the reporting and accounting requirements of the FFIEC Call Reports Parent institutions are required to file consolidated reports while their subsidiary financial institutions are still required to file separate reports Data from sub-sidiary institution reports are included in the Quarterly Banking Profile tables which can lead to double-counting No adjustments are made for any double-counting of subsidiary data All asset and liability figures used in calculating performance ratios represent average amounts for the period (beginning-of-period amount plus end-of-period amount plus any interim periods divided by the total number of periods) For ldquopooling-of-interestrdquo mergers the assets of the acquired institution(s) are included in average assets since the year-to-date income includes the results of all merged insti-tutions No adjustments are made for ldquopurchase accountingrdquo mergers

Growth rates represent the percentage change over a 12-month peri-od in totals for institutions in the base period to totals for institutions in the current period All data are collected and presented based on the location of each reporting institutions main office Reported data may include assets and liabilities located outside of the reporting institutionrsquos home state In addition institutions may relocate across state lines or change their charters resulting in an inter-regional or inter-industry migration eg institutions can move their home offices between regions and savings institutions can convert to commercial banks or commercial banks may convert to savings institutions

ACCOUNTING CHANGES FASB Statement No 157 Fair Value Measurements issued in September 2006 and FASB Statement No 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities issued in February 2007 ndash both are effective in 2008 with early adoption permitted in 2007 FAS 157 defines a fair value measurement framework while FAS 159 allows banks to elect a fair value option when assets are recognized on the balance sheet and to report certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value with subse-quent changes in fair value included in earnings Existing eligible items can be fair-valued as early as January 2007 under FAS 159 if a bank adopts FAS 157 FASB Statement 158 Employersrsquo Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans ndash issued in September 2006 requires a bank to recognize in 2007 the funded status of its postretirement plans on its balance sheet An overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and an underfunded plan is recognized as a liability An adjustment is made to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) upon application of FAS 158 and AOCI is adjusted in sub-sequent periods as net periodic benefit costs are recognized in earn-ings FASB Statement No 156 Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets ndash issued in March 2006 and effective in 2007 requires all separately recog-nized servicing assets and liabilities to be initially measured at fair value and allows a bank the option to subsequently adjust that value by periodic revaluation and recognition of earnings or by peri-odic amortization to earnings Purchased Impaired Loans and Debt Securities ndash Statement of Position 03-3 Accounting for Certain Loans or Debt Securities Acquired in a Transfer The SOP applies to loans and debt securities acquired in fiscal years beginning after December 15 2004 In general this Statement of Position applies to ldquopurchased impaired loans and debt securitiesrdquo ie loans and debt securities that a bank has purchased including those acquired in a purchase business combination when it is probable at the purchase date that the bank will be unable to collect all contrac-tually required payments receivable Banks must follow Statement of Position 03-3 for Call Report purposes The SOP does not apply to the loans that a bank has originated prohibits ldquocarrying overrdquo or cre-ation of valuation allowances in the initial accounting and any subse-quent valuation allowances reflect only those losses incurred by the investor after acquisition GNMA Buy-back Option ndash If an issuer of GNMA securities has the option to buy back the loans that collateralize the GNMA securities when certain delinquency criteria are met FASB Statement No 140 requires that loans with this buy-back option must be brought back on the issuers books as assets The rebooking of GNMA loans is required regardless of whether the issuer intends to exercise the buy-back option The banking agencies clarified in May 2005 that all GNMA loans that are rebooked because of delinquency should be reported as past due according to their contractual terms

FDIC QUARTERLY 18 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 22: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

FASB Interpretation No 45 ndash In November 2002 the FASB issued Inter-pretation No 45 Guarantorrsquos Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others This interpretation clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize at the inception of a guarantee (financial standby letters of credit per-formance standby letters of credit) a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee Banks apply the ini-tial recognition and measurement provisions of Interpretation No 45 on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31 2002 irrespective of the bankrsquos fiscal year end A bankrsquos previous accounting for guarantees issued prior to January 1 2003 is not revised FASB Interpretation No 46 ndash The FASB issued Interpretation No 46 Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities in January 2003 and revised it in December 2003 Generally banks with variable interests in vari-able interest entities created after December 31 2003 must consoli-date them The timing of consolidation varies with certain situations with application as late as 2005 The assets and liabilities of a consoli-dated variable interest entity are reported on a line-by-line basis according to the asset and liability categories shown on the bankrsquos bal-ance sheet as well as related income items Most small banks are unlikely to have any ldquovariable interestsrdquo in variable interest entities FASB Statement No 123 (Revised 2004) and Share-Based Payments ndash requires all entities to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of share-based payments eg stock options and restricted stock granted to employees As of January 2006 all banks must adopt FAS 123(R) The compensation cost is typically recognized over the vesting period with a corresponding credit to equity The recording of the compensation cost also gives rise to a deferred tax asset Goodwill and intangible assets ndash FAS 141 terminates the use of pool-ing-of-interest accounting for business combinations after 2001 and requires purchase accounting Under FAS 142 amortization of good-will is eliminated Only intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized each quarter In addition companies are required to test for impairment of both goodwill and other intangibles once each fiscal year The year 2002 the first fiscal year affected by this accounting change has been designated a transitional year and the amount of ini-tial impairments are to be recorded as extraordinary losses on a ldquonet of taxrdquo basis (and not as noninterest expense) Subsequent annual review of intangibles and goodwill impairment may require additional noninterest expense recognition FASB Statement No 147 clarifies that acquisitions of financial institutions (except transactions between two or more mutual enterprises) including branch acquisitions that meet the definition of a business combination should be accounted for by the purchase method under FASB Statement No 141 This accounting standard includes transition provisions that apply to unidentifiable intangible assets previously accounted for in accordance with FASB Statement No 72 If the transaction (such as a branch acquisition) in which an unidentifiable intangible asset arose does not meet the definition of a business combination this intangible asset is not be reported as ldquoGoodwillrdquo on the Call Report balance sheet Rather this unidentifiable intangible asset is reported as ldquoOther intan-gible assetsrdquo and must continue to be amortized and the amortization expense should be reported in the Call Report income statement FASB Statement No 133 Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ndash All banks must recognize derivatives as either assets or lia-bilities on the balance sheet measured at fair value A derivative may be specifically designated as a ldquofair value hedgerdquo a ldquocash flow hedgerdquo or a hedge of a foreign currency exposure The accounting for changes in the value of a derivative (gains and losses) depends on the

intended use of the derivative its resulting designation and the effec-tiveness of the hedge Derivatives held for purposes other than trad-ing are reported as ldquoother assetsrdquo (positive fair values) or ldquoother liabilitiesrdquo (negative fair values) For a fair value hedge the gain or loss is recognized in earnings and ldquoeffectivelyrdquo offsets loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the risk being hedged Any ineffec-tiveness of the hedge could result in a net gain or loss on the income statement Accumulated net gains (losses) on cash flow hedges are recorded on the balance sheet as ldquoaccumulated other comprehensive incomerdquo and the periodic change in the accumulated net gains (loss-es) for cash flow hedges is reflected directly in equity as the value of the derivative changes FASB Statement No 149 Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities provides guidance on the circumstances in which a loan commitment must be accounted for as derivative Under Statement No 149 loan commitments that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be held for sale commonly referred to as interest rate lock commit-ments must be accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet by the issuer of the commitment

DEFINITIONS (in alphabetical order) All other assets ndash total cash balances due from depository institutions premises fixed assets direct investments in real estate investment in unconsolidated subsidiaries customersrsquo liability on acceptances out-standing assets held in trading accounts federal funds sold securities purchased with agreements to resell fair market value of derivatives and other assets All other liabilities ndash banks liability on acceptances limited-life pre-ferred stock allowance for estimated off-balance-sheet credit losses fair market value of derivatives and other liabilities Assets securitized and sold ndash total outstanding principal balance of assets securitized and sold with servicing retained or other seller-provided credit enhancements Construction and development loans ndash includes loans for all property types under construction as well as loans for land acquisition and development Core capital ndash common equity capital plus noncumulative perpetual preferred stock plus minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries less goodwill and other ineligible intangible assets The amount of eligible intangibles (including servicing rights) included in core capital is lim-ited in accordance with supervisory capital regulations Cost of funding earning assets ndash total interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowed money as a percentage of average earning assets Credit enhancements ndash techniques whereby a company attempts to reduce the credit risk of its obligations Credit enhancement may be provided by a third party (external credit enhancement) or by the originator (internal credit enhancement) and more than one type of enhancement may be associated with a given issuance Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) ndash The Bank (BIF) and Savings Associa-tion (SAIF) Insurance Funds were merged in 2006 by the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act to form the DIF Derivatives notional amount ndash The notional or contractual amounts of derivatives represent the level of involvement in the types of deriva-tives transactions and are not a quantification of market risk or credit risk Notional amounts represent the amounts used to calculate con-tractual cash flows to be exchanged Derivatives credit equivalent amount ndash the fair value of the derivative plus an additional amount for potential future credit exposure based

FDIC QUARTERLY 19 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 23: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

on the notional amount the remaining maturity and type of the contract Derivatives transaction types

Futures and forward contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer agrees to purchase and the seller agrees to sell at a specified future date a specific quantity of an underlying variable or index at a speci-fied price or yield These contracts exist for a variety of variables or indices (traditional agricultural or physical commodities as well as currencies and interest rates) Futures contracts are stan-dardized and are traded on organized exchanges which set limits on counterparty credit exposure Forward contracts do not have standardized terms and are traded over the counter Option contracts ndash contracts in which the buyer acquires the right to buy from or sell to another party some specified amount of an underlying variable or index at a stated price (strike price) during a period or on a specified future date in return for compensation (such as a fee or premium) The seller is obligated to purchase or sell the variable or index at the discretion of the buyer of the con-tract Swaps ndash obligations between two parties to exchange a series of cash flows at periodic intervals (settlement dates) for a specified period The cash flows of a swap are either fixed or determined for each settlement date by multiplying the quantity (notional principal) of the underlying variable or index by specified refer-ence rates or prices Except for currency swaps the notional prin-cipal is used to calculate each payment but is not exchanged

Derivatives underlying risk exposure ndash the potential exposure character-ized by the level of banksrsquo concentration in particular underlying instruments in general Exposure can result from market risk credit risk and operational risk as well as interest rate risk

Domestic deposits to total assets ndash total domestic office deposits as a per-cent of total assets on a consolidated basis Earning assets ndash all loans and other investments that earn interest or dividend income Efficiency ratio ndash Noninterest expense less amortization of intangible assets as a percent of net interest income plus noninterest income This ratio measures the proportion of net operating revenues that are absorbed by overhead expenses so that a lower value indicates greater efficiency Estimated insured deposits ndash in general insured deposits are total domestic deposits minus estimated uninsured deposits Prior to June 30 2000 the uninsured estimate is calculated as the sum of the excess amounts in accounts over $100000 Beginning June 30 2000 the amount of estimated uninsured deposits is adjusted to consider a financial institutions own estimate of uninsured deposits when such an estimate is reported Beginning in 2006 the uninsured deposits esti-mate also considers IRA accounts over $250000 Failedassisted institutions ndash an institution fails when regulators take control of the institution placing the assets and liabilities into a bridge bank conservatorship receivership or another healthy institu-tion This action may require the FDIC to provide funds to cover losses An institution is defined as ldquoassistedrdquo when the institution remains open and receives some insurance funds in order to continue operating FHLB advances ndash all borrowings by FDIC insured institutions from the Federal Home Loan Bank System (FHLB) as reported by Call Report filers and by TFR filers Goodwill and other intangibles ndash intangible assets include servicing rights purchased credit card relationships and other identifiable

intangible assets Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the net assets acquired Loans secured by real estate ndash includes home equity loans junior liens secured by 1-4 family residential properties and all other loans secured by real estate Loans to individuals ndash includes outstanding credit card balances and other secured and unsecured consumer loans Long-term assets (5+ years) ndash loans and debt securities with remaining maturities or repricing intervals of over five years Maximum credit exposure ndash the maximum contractual credit exposure remaining under recourse arrangements and other seller-provided credit enhancements provided by the reporting bank to securitiza-tions Mortgage-backed securities ndash certificates of participation in pools of res-idential mortgages and collateralized mortgage obligations issued or guaranteed by government-sponsored or private enterprises Also see ldquoSecuritiesrdquo below Net charge-offs ndash total loans and leases charged off (removed from bal-ance sheet because of uncollectibility) less amounts recovered on loans and leases previously charged off Net interest margin ndash the difference between interest and dividends earned on interest-bearing assets and interest paid to depositors and other creditors expressed as a percentage of average earning assets No adjustments are made for interest income that is tax exempt Net loans to total assets ndash loans and lease financing receivables net of unearned income allowance and reserves as a percent of total assets on a consolidated basis Net operating income ndash income excluding discretionary transactions such as gains (or losses) on the sale of investment securities and extraordinary items Income taxes subtracted from operating income have been adjusted to exclude the portion applicable to securities gains (or losses) Noncurrent assets ndash the sum of loans leases debt securities and other assets that are 90 days or more past due or in nonaccrual status Noncurrent loans amp leases ndash the sum of loans and leases 90 days or more past due and loans and leases in nonaccrual status Number of institutions reporting ndash the number of institutions that actu-ally filed a financial report Other borrowed funds ndash federal funds purchased securities sold with agreements to repurchase demand notes issued to the US Treasury FHLB advances other borrowed money mortgage indebtedness obli-gations under capitalized leases and trading liabilities less revaluation losses on assets held in trading accounts Other real estate owned ndash primarily foreclosed property Direct and indirect investments in real estate ventures are excluded The amount is reflected net of valuation allowances For institutions that file a Thrift Financial Report (TFR) the valuation allowance subtracted also includes allowances for other repossessed assets Also for TFR filers the components of other real estate owned are reported gross of valuation allowances Percent of institutions with earnings gains ndash the percent of institutions that increased their net income (or decreased their losses) compared to the same period a year earlier ldquoProblemrdquo institutions ndash federal regulators assign a composite rating to each financial institution based upon an evaluation of financial and operational criteria The rating is based on a scale of 1 to 5 in ascend-ing order of supervisory concern ldquoProblemrdquo institutions are those institutions with financial operational or managerial weaknesses that

FDIC QUARTERLY 20 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 24: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Quarterly Banking Profile

threaten their continued financial viability Depending upon the degree of risk and supervisory concern they are rated either a ldquo4rdquo or ldquo5rdquo For all insured commercial banks and for insured savings banks for which the FDIC is the primary federal regulator FDIC composite ratings are used For all institutions whose primary federal regulator is the OTS the OTS composite rating is used Recourse ndash an arrangement in which a bank retains in form or in sub-stance any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting princi-ples) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bankrsquos claim on the asset If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold then the retention of any credit risk is recourse Reserves for losses ndash the allowance for loan and lease losses on a con-solidated basis Restructured loans and leases ndash loan and lease financing receivables with terms restructured from the original contract Excludes restruc-tured loans and leases that are not in compliance with the modified terms Retained earnings ndash net income less cash dividends on common and preferred stock for the reporting period Return on assets ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total assets The basic yardstick of bank profitability Return on equity ndash net income (including gains or losses on securities and extraordinary items) as a percentage of average total equity capi-tal Risk-weighted assets ndash assets adjusted for risk-based capital definitions which include on-balance-sheet as well as off-balance-sheet items multiplied by risk-weights that range from zero to 100 percent A conversion factor is used to assign a balance sheet equivalent amount for selected off-balance-sheet accounts Securities ndash excludes securities held in trading accounts Banksrsquo securi-ties portfolios consist of securities designated as ldquoheld-to-maturityrdquo which are reported at amortized cost (book value) and securities des-ignated as ldquoavailable-for-salerdquo reported at fair (market) value Securities gains (losses) ndash realized gains (losses) on held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities before adjustments for income taxes

Thrift Financial Report (TFR) filers also include gains (losses) on the sales of assets held for sale Sellerrsquos interest in institutionrsquos own securitizations ndash the reporting bankrsquos ownership interest in loans and other assets that have been securi-tized except an interest that is a form of recourse or other seller-pro-vided credit enhancement Sellerrsquos interests differ from the securities issued to investors by the securitization structure The principal amount of a sellerrsquos interest is generally equal to the total principal amount of the pool of assets included in the securitization structure less the principal amount of those assets attributable to investors ie in the form of securities issued to investors Subchapter S Corporation ndash A Subchapter S corporation is treated as a pass-through entity similar to a partnership for federal income tax purposes It is generally not subject to any federal income taxes at the corporate level This can have the effect of reducing institutionsrsquo reported taxes and increasing their after-tax earnings Trust assets ndash market value or other reasonably available value of fiduciary and related assets to include marketable securities and other financial and physical assets Common physical assets held in fiduciary accounts include real estate equipment collectibles and household goods Such fiduciary assets are not included in the assets of the financial institution Unearned income amp contra accounts ndash unearned income for Call Report filers only Unused loan commitments ndash includes credit card lines home equity lines commitments to make loans for construction loans secured by commercial real estate and unused commitments to originate or pur-chase loans (Excluded are commitments after June 2003 for originat-ed mortgage loans held for sale which are accounted for as derivatives on the balance sheet) Volatile liabilities ndash the sum of large-denomination time deposits for-eign-office deposits federal funds purchased securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings Yield on earning assets ndash total interest dividend and fee income earned on loans and investments as a percentage of average earning assets

FDIC QUARTERLY 21 2007 VOLUME 1 NO 1

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 25: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Individual Development Accounts and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

The more than 8600 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts in the United States offer a wide variety of financial prod-ucts and services through more than 94000 banking offices During the past decade the development of alternative delivery channels such as the Internet has enhanced accessibility to banking products and serv-ices Yet even with this greater access about 10 million American households do not use any aspect of the banking system1 An even larger number perhaps tens of millions more American households use only a limited number of banking services

Households regardless of income level underuse banking services for a variety of reasons However a large body of research provides evidence that limited involvement in the mainstream financial sector is most common among low- and moderate-income households2 Although their income may be relatively low these individuals hold assets and regularly conduct financial transactions frequently with nonbank financial companies Estimates of nonbank financial company transaction volume vary but are as high as $250 billion annually3 Not all of these revenues can be tied directly to low- and moderate-income individuals However these estimates are large enough to suggest a reasonable business case for insured institutions trying to attract the banking business of low- and moderate-income consumers

For most people opening a checking or savings account is the first step toward involvement in the financial mainstream followed by the use of credit products investments and insurance A relatively low-risk way for banks to introduce low- and moderate-income households to the banking system is through a particu-lar type of savings accountmdashthe Individual Develop-ment Account (IDA) This article explains how IDAs

1 Federal Reserve Board 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances 2 Low- and moderate-income households earn less than 80 percent of the median household income for their particular geographic area according to US Census Bureau data 3 Brian Grow and Keith Epstein ldquoThe Poverty Business Inside US Companiesrsquo Audacious Drive to Extract More Profits from the Nationrsquos Working Poorrdquo Business Week May 21 2007 This article cited data from investment bank Stephens Inc

operate discusses banksrsquo experience with IDAs and provides resources for bankers who want to know more about these programs

History of IDAs

Individual development accounts are matched savings accounts that enable low-income families to save money for a particular financial goal such as buying a home paying for post-secondary education or starting or expanding a small business The framework for IDAs is widely believed to have emerged in the early 1990s through ldquoasset-basedrdquo policy research that advocates asset-building programs to alleviate poverty4

Asset-based policy contends that traditional poverty programs that focus on income transfers such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) payments or food stamp benefits are necessary but meet only short-term consumption needs Asset-based policy proponents note that accumulating assets such as contributing to a savings account or buying a home over a longer time horizon creates a financial cushion for emergencies which in turn generates social behavioral and psychological benefits Armed with assets an individualrsquos options for emerging from poverty and entering the financial mainstream are greatly enhanced

In 1993 Iowa was the first state to enact a law estab-lishing IDAs Today 33 states (as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia) have either laws or poli-cies that govern the operations of IDAs (see Table 1 on next page) Of these states 19 are currently operat-ing programs that are supported by state funding Approximately 540 community-based and -funded IDA programs operate across the United States includ-ing in the 17 states without IDA laws or policies5

4 Michael Sherraden Assets and the Poor A New American Welfare Policy (Armonk NY ME Sharpe Inc 1991) 5 CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007

FDIC QUARTERLY 22 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 26: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 1

33 States Plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico Have Laws or Policies

Governing IDAs States with Operational Other States That Have

State-Supported IDA programsa Established IDA Policyb

Arkansas Arizona Connecticut California

District of Columbia Colorado Indiana Florida Kansas Hawaii

Louisiana Idaho Maine Illinois

Michigan Iowa Minnesota Maryland Missouri Montana

New Hampshire New Mexico New Jersey Oklahoma

North Carolina Puerto Rico Oregon Tennessee

Pennsylvania Texas South Carolina Utah

Vermont Virginia

Washington

Source State IDA Policy Summary Tables Center for Social Development February 28 2007

Notes a These states are supporting IDA programs developed from policy or administrative rulemaking b These states have passed IDA policy but are not currently developing or supporting IDA programs

How Are Banks Involved in IDA programs

IDA programs are generally created by nonprofit orga-nizations or divisions of state or local government However for-profit entities including FDIC-insured banks and thrifts have also created IDA programs The organization creating the IDA program called the program sponsor establishes the parameters of program participation (within state law or policy where appropriate) The program sponsor applies for matching funds and deposits those funds in a reserve account at a financial institution Because the sponsor typically administers the IDA paperwork it is some-times called the administrator

The financial institution establishes and services indi-vidual savings accounts for program participants Some services such as providing periodic account statements are similar to the institutionrsquos typical savings accounts However other services such as waiving minimum account balances or heightened monitoring to prevent premature withdrawals may be specialized The

program sponsor usually assumes responsibility for allo-cating matching funds to individual accounts

The relationship between the program sponsor and the financial institution is commonly governed by a written agreement In practice many IDA programs involve partnerships of multiple nonprofit or government orga-nizations and financial institutions Financial institu-tions may provide some or all of the matching funds to the sponsoring organization and also may provide general operational support and funding such as absorbing the costs of marketing or providing financial education to participants

According to data from CFED a nonprofit organization that provides a clearinghouse of information on IDAs 244 FDIC-insured banks and thrifts and 53 credit unions participated in IDA programs in 2005 (the most recent data available)6

How Do IDAs Operate

In general IDAs operate similarly to other types of ldquomatchedrdquo savings plans such as 401(k) retirement accounts7 With an IDA the account holder deposits money in a savings account and the funds are matched anywhere from dollar for dollar up to eight dollars to one dollar depending on the rules of the particular program and state law Two or three dollars to one dollar is the common match range A ldquoceilingrdquo of dollars and time frames typically is established for the match amount

Money for the match is provided through a variety of public and private sources (see Charts 1 and 2 on next page) The US Treasury under the Assets for Inde-pendence Act of 1998 (AFI) provides most of the matching funds The AFI has provided an average of $25 million in annual appropriations to fund IDA matches As shown in Chart 1 almost 60 percent of IDA programs that receive funding obtain matching funds through the AFI

State programs faith-based organizations philanthropic groups and corporations also provide matching funds Banks are important contributors as well as shown in

6 CFED ldquo2005 IDA Program Surveyrdquo 2005 7 At this time unlike 401(k) plan contributions IDA program partici-pants are not permitted to use pretax income to fund contributions

FDIC QUARTERLY 23 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 27: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

Charts 1 and 2

Public Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding

Operating Source

Matching Source

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

TAN

F

Loca

l Disc

retio

nary

Spe

ndin

g

Stat

e Ta

x Cre

dits

Stat

eDi

scre

tiona

ry S

pend

ing

Depa

rtmen

t of L

abor

HUD

Sour

ces

HHS

- Com

mun

ity S

ervic

e Bl

ock G

rant

s

HHS

- Offi

ce o

f Ref

ugee

Res

ettle

men

t

HHS

- Ass

ets f

or In

depe

nden

ce

Chart 1

Private Sources of Operating and Matching Funds for IDA Programs Percentage of Programs Receiving Funding 60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Chart 2

The Federal Government Provides the Majority of IDA Matched Funds but Banks Are Also Important Contributors

Operating Source

Matching Source

Earn

ed In

com

e

Indi

vidua

ls

Faith

-Bas

ed O

rgan

izatio

ns

Unite

dW

ay

Busin

esse

s and

Corp

orat

ions

Fede

ral H

ome

Loan

Ban

ks

Bank

sFin

anci

alIn

stitu

tions

Foun

datio

ns

Source CFED ldquoIndividual Development Accounts Providing Opportunities to Build Assetsrdquo January 2007 Note HHS refers to the US Department of Health and Human Services and HUD refers to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development

Chart 2 they provide matching funds to about 25 percent of IDA programs that receive funding Banks also provide about 30 percent of the general operational funding to these programs

IDA participation requirements which are based on state laws and policies as well as rules and requirements of the sponsoring organization commonly include some combination of the following

bull Maximum income levels ndash These levels are generally expressed as a percentage of the federal poverty guidelines or the area median income figure8

bull Net worth ndash Some programs limit the level of house-hold assets (such as a car equity in a home or other savings) that a qualified applicant owns For exam-ple applicants cannot participate in some programs if they own assets in excess of $5000

8 The US Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for determining poverty guidelines and the US Department of Hous-ing and Urban Development is responsible for determining and reporting annual area median income figures

bull Earnings ndash Many programs require that all or a part of an applicantrsquos savings come from earned income most commonly a paycheck However public assis-tance payments such as unemployment checks TANF funds disability payments and Social Secu-rity also usually are considered earnings

bull Credit history ndash Poor credit or heavy debt levels may disqualify applicants under some programs

bull Limitations on withdrawal ndash Withdrawals typically can only be made to buy a home pay for education or start or expand a small business Some states restrict the purpose of the accounts even further while others permit withdrawals for home repairs or automobile purchases A prohibition period usually one to three years is common for withdrawals of matched funds This period which usually coincides with the length of time during which the funds are matched allows time for the savings to accumulate

bull Financial education requirements ndash In most cases participants are required to attend financial educa-tion classes such as the FDICrsquos Money Smart

FDIC QUARTERLY 24 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 28: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

curriculum9 Participants also may receive other types of financial counseling or training10

Potential Benefits to Banks of Participating in an IDA

Banks can use IDAs to tap into new markets by estab-lishing relationships with individuals who may have no banking relationships (unbanked) or only minimal rela-tionships with mainstream financial companies (under-banked) Estimates of the size of this market vary but research indicates that a substantial portion of the population does not fully use the banking system

For example the results of the Federal Reserversquos 2004 Survey of Consumer Finances showed that nearly 9 percent of American households are unbanked they do not have a checking or savings account A study by the Center for Financial Services Innovation (CFSI) indi-cates that the unbanked rate is 30 percent for low- and moderate-income households11 This study also shows that of the 70 percent of low- and moderate-income households that have bank accounts almost two-thirds may be considered ldquounderbankedrdquo as they continue to use nonbank financial services12

These customers are considered low- and moderate-income but they do conduct a large volume of finan-cial transactions For instance the nearly 1 million households surveyed by the CFSI during 2003 and 2004 bought 12 million money orders and cashed 19 million checks per month13 Extrapolating this activity across the country suggests that low- and moderate-income households conduct a significant level of transactions outside mainstream banking

9 Findings from a recent survey of consumers who took the FDICrsquos Money Smart program showed a strong correlation between financial education and opening a bank account Within 6 to 12 months of taking Money Smart 43 percent of those without a checking account and 37 percent of those without a savings account opened accounts See FDIC ldquoA Longitudinal Evaluation of the Intermediate-term Impact of the Money Smart Financial Education Curriculum upon Consumersrsquo Behavior and Confidencerdquo April 2007 10 The description of IDA participation requirements is adapted from the CFED Web site ldquoFrequently Asked Questionsrdquo at httpwwwcfedorg 11 Ellen Seidman Moez Hababou and Jennifer Kramer ldquoGetting to Know Underbanked Consumers A Financial Services Analysisrdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005 This survey represented almost 1 million households in 63 low- and moderate-income tracts in three cities Washington DC Chicago and Los Angeles 12 Ibid 13 Ibid

Banks can offer IDAs as a way of introducing custom-ers to the mainstream financial system with a very simple low-risk productmdasha savings account The initial product may be small and perhaps not yet profitable However over time at least some of these customers likely will continue the relationship and expand into other products becoming profitable in the long run As the goal of the IDA is often home purchase further education or small business needs account holders may also choose credit products from the IDA-administering banks

In addition to establishing an initial relationship with new customers banks can benefit as administra-tors of the master reserve account and the individual accounts Banks can use the funds for general purposes while the customer is restricted from withdrawing the matched money usually for a year or more Establish-ing IDAs with direct deposit might be particularly beneficial as both the saver and the financial institu-tion are virtually assured that regular contributions will be made Participants who use direct deposit are much more likely to be savers and remain active in the IDA program14

Intangible benefits also accrue to banks that provide IDAs These programs generate goodwill throughout communities as well as with existing customers by working with local organizations to assist the needy and disadvantaged Local nonprofit organizations that sponsor IDAs routinely recognize the efforts of their financial institution partners and these initiatives often receive positive local press coverage

More tangibly banks could receive positive considera-tion from financial institution regulators as their invest-ment lending and service performance is evaluated under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Although each bank situation and IDA program is different and would be evaluated on its own merits the following are examples of how bank participation in IDA programs could receive positive CRA consideration

bull Investment performance ndash A bank provides direct funding to IDA match programs or directly expends operational funds in support of an IDA program

14 Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration a National Demonstration of Individual Development Accountsrdquo Center for Social Development October 2002

FDIC QUARTERLY 25 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 29: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

bull Lending performance ndash A bank lends to an IDA program sponsor or to low- and moderate-income program participants

bull Service performance ndash A bank provides low-cost deposit accounts to low- and moderate-income program participants15

Do IDAs Really Work

A review of the effectiveness of IDAs was conducted by the American Dream Demonstration (ADD) from 1997 to 2001 this survey encompassed 14 IDA programs across the country16 The ADD survey was organized by CFED conducted by the Center for Social Development and funded by various philan-thropic foundations The following statistics demon-strate that IDAs can help low-income Americans enter the financial mainstream and build assets

bull One in five IDA participants was unbanked when joining the program

bull About 50 percent of participants were ldquosaversrdquo that is they not only opened accounts but made periodic deposits of at least $100

bull The average time of participation in IDAs was 245 months

bull The average amount that participants placed in the accounts was $528

bull With matched funds the average participant had accumulated a total of $2755

bull Approximately one-third of the participants had made a matched withdrawal with the uses shown in Chart 317

The ADD survey did not capture data about whether participants who eventually migrated to credit prod-ucts used their IDA bank for credit However it can

15 Depending on the context offering IDAs may warrant consideration as either a retail banking service or a community development serv-ice See Interagency Questions and Answers (QampAs) for CRA 66 Fed Reg 36619 36631 sect22(a)-1 (July 12 2001) httpwwwffiecgovcrapdfqa01pdf 16 Schreiner et al 17 Ibid

Chart 3

IDA Participants Used Their Assets Most Frequently to Buy Homes but Also Made Withdrawals for

Home Repair to Pay for Education and to Fund Small Businesses

Percent of Participants Reporting Actual Uses of IDA Funds Retirement

7 percent

Job Training 2 percent

Home Repair 18 percent

Post-secondary Education

Home Purchase

21 percent

Microenterprise 23 percent

28 percent

Source Mark Schreiner Margaret Clancy and Michael Sherraden ldquoSaving Performance in the American Dream Demonstration Final Reportrdquo October 2002

Note Data reflect American Dream Demonstration participants who had made a matched withdrawal as of December 31 2001

reasonably be assumed that some did The psycholog-ical effects of being able to save are perhaps harder to quantify than deepening involvement with main-stream financial companies but are no less important As Chart 4 (on next page) shows the vast majority of IDA participants feel more confident about the future and more economically secure This may indi-cate that they are on a path to financial independ-ence and accordingly to establishing a long-term relationship with a bank

In addition to the national ADD study the FDIC tracks the success of local IDA programs FDIC Community Affairs staff routinely serves as com-munication facilitators between banks and nonprofit IDA sponsors and advises about the financial educa-tion component of IDA programs More specifically the FDIC provides access to instructor education on the FDICrsquos Money Smart financial education curricu-lum Money Smart was developed by the FDIC in 2001 to help low- and moderate-income adults enhance their money management skills understand basic mainstream financial services avoid pitfalls and build financial confidence to use banking serv-ices effectively18

18 An electronic version of Money Smart is available at httpwwwfdicgov

FDIC QUARTERLY 26 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 30: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Chart 4

IDA Participants Perceive Positive Economic Effects

Source Amanda Moore McBride Margaret Lombe and Sondra G Beverly ldquoThe Effects of Individual Development Account Programs Perceptions of Participantsrdquo Center for Social Development Working Paper 03-06 2003 Data based on 298 completed surveys of IDA participants at six American Dream Demonstration sites

Percent of Survey Respondents

ldquoBecause I have an IDA I amhavehelliprdquo

Agree Disagree

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

More confident about the future

More economically secure

More likely to make educationplans for self

More likely to make educationplans for children

More likely to make plansfor retirement

More likely to buy orrenovate a home

More likely to start orexpand a business

More likely to work orstay employed

The textbox on page 32 describes the outcomes of an IDA program facilitated by the FDIC in the Kansas City metro area This program is sponsored by a local nonprofit The Family Conservancy in Kansas City and involves three banks UMB Bank NA US Bank NA and Emporia State Bank19 The program has been successful in creating savers as of year-end 2006 more than 371 individuals have successfully exited the program with their matched funds Additionally this program provides tangible evidence that IDA customers do migrate to other bank products about half the 170 participants who purchased a home received a mortgage from their IDA bank

Are IDAs Profitable for Banks

Very little empirical data exist about the profitability of IDAs for banks A study conducted in 2003 by the Center for Community Capitalism concluded that IDA programs have not been subjected to robust cost-bene-fit analysis at banks20 Further it is likely that these institutionsrsquo community development goals probably result in relaxed profitability targets in the short term21 The same study noted that short-term costs

19 The FDIC does not expressly endorse this or any other IDA program or bank This program is used only as an example 20 Center for Community Capitalism ldquoFinancial Institutions and Individ-ual Development Accounts Results of a National Surveyrdquo The Frank Hawkins Keenan Institute of Private Enterprise The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill October 2003 21 Ibid

particularly for labor can be high As described below federal legislation has been introduced that would provide tax credits to insured institutions to offset some of these costs potentially accelerating the time-frame for profitability However taking a longer-term viewmdashpotentially developing long-term customers and ldquograduatingrdquo IDA participants into credit and other productsmdashmay be more appropriate than the traditional break-even analysis22

What Lies Ahead for IDAs

While IDAs have helped low- and moderate-income Americans transition to the financial mainstream and a potentially more secure future a number of barriers appear to constrain IDA use on a large scale For instance as with any program that relies on dona-tions there is a persistent shortage of matched and operational funds However other perhaps less obvi-ous barriers also exist These barriers are described below along with potential solutions

Lack of Knowledge about IDAs ndash A National IDA Framework

Individuals who may qualify for an IDA and banks that may want to participate in IDA programs may find it difficult to obtain critical information because IDAs are dispersed among many organizations Federal IDA laws have been debated that would standardize what is currently a patchwork of several hundred programs operated under various state laws and community program parameters Most recently the Saving for Working Families Act was reintroduced in March 2007 This act first introduced in 2003 would establish a national framework for IDAs and would provide $12 billion in tax credits to allow banks to offset part of the cost of opening and maintaining the accounts

No Ability to Save ndash Linking Taxes and Savings

Potential IDA participants may be discouraged from participating because they do not believe they will be able or are not disciplined enough to contribute funds to the account Some policymakers believe this obsta-cle could be overcome at least in part by linking tax refunds and savings Generally the same individuals who qualify for IDAs qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit and tend to receive sizable tax refunds Every year the Internal Revenue Service processes

22 Ibid

FDIC QUARTERLY 27 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 31: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

refunds averaging $2100 for more than 100 million taxpayers many of whom are poor and perhaps underbanked23

In the past banks and community and charitable organizations have been successful in recruiting IDA participants through the Voluntary Income Tax Assis-tance (VITA) program Under the VITA program volunteers prepare tax returns for low- and moderate-income Americans at nonprofit locations Program sponsors and banks often use this opportunity to market IDAs to consumers suggesting that they place all or a portion of their refunds in IDAs In 2007 in compliance with the Pension Protection Act of 2006 the Internal Revenue Service began giving taxpayers the option of electronically splitting their tax refund among two or three financial institution accounts Consumers now can choose to divide their refunds between their IDA and a checking account for exam-ple which would give them immediate access to some of the funds while allowing them to save the remain-der for longer-term goals

The ability to split refunds will streamline the process of opening IDAs and may help expand the use of this program A small-scale demonstration of refund split-ting was conducted in the 2004 tax season by the Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund in Boston Massachu-setts D2D is a nonprofit research firm that explores ways to use technology to address poverty-related issues D2D used its methodology to split the refunds with the following results

bull Of the 516 tax filers given the opportunity to open an account to split their refunds 27 percent accepted the offer and 15 percent were able to participate after meeting account-opening criteria

bull Participants chose to save 47 percent of their refunds or an average of $606 This represented at least a 90 percent increase over their existing savings

bull Four months later two-thirds of participants con-tinued to save a portion of their refunds24

23 Anne Stuhldreher (New America Foundation) and Jennifer Tescher (Center for Financial Services Innovation) ldquoBreaking the Savings Barrier How the Federal Government Can Build an Inclusive Finan-cial Systemrdquo New America Foundation Asset Building Program February 2005 24 Amy Brown ldquoExpanding Financial Services to Unbanked Consumers How Tax Preparation Partnerships Can Help Bridge the Gaprdquo The Center for Financial Services Innovation September 2005

Too Much Debt to Save ndash Linking Small-Dollar Credit with Savings

Some individuals may feel that debt service payments on high-cost credit are too large leaving them no funds to set aside in savings On December 4 2006 the FDIC released for comment the ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo which encourage banks to offer small-dollar credit that is affordable yet safe and sound as an alternative to short-term high-cost credit such as payday loans25 The final Guidelines are expected to be issued very soon

As part of small-dollar loan programs banks are encouraged to include a savings component whereby borrowers can either set aside a percentage of the amount borrowed or of the periodic payment in a savings account Over the long term this approach can help banks develop a relationship with borrowers and can help borrowers build assets to lessen their reliance on short-term loans Depending on the rules of a particular IDA program banks may be able to offer customers the option to use an IDA account for the savings component of small-dollar loan programs as a means of leveraging the use of the match feature

IDA Resources for Banks

Banks often become involved in IDA programs through contacts and relationships with charitable and other nonprofit organizations The FDICrsquos Community Affairs staff has developed relationships with local organizations and can facilitate communi-cations between IDA sponsors and banks The FDIC has also established the Alliance for Economic Inclu-sion (AEI) a new national initiative of broad-based coalitions of financial institutions community-based organizations and other partners in nine markets across the country to bring unbanked and under-banked individuals into the financial mainstream26

For more information on these initiatives contact the FDICrsquos Community Affairs Office in your state (see Table 2 on next page)

25 The ldquoAffordable Small Loan Guidelinesrdquo are available at httpwwwfdicgov 26 The nine markets are Chicago Illinois AustinSouth Texas Louisiana and Mississippi Gulf Coast areas the semi-rural area of Alabama Greater Boston Massachusetts Wilmington Delaware Los Angeles California Kansas City Missouri and Baltimore Maryland

FDIC QUARTERLY 28 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 32: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Table 2

FDIC Community Affairs Officers Community Affairs Officer Division of Supervision Area of Responsibility and Consumer Protection

Thomas E Stokes Atlanta Regional Office Alabama 10 Tenth Street NE Florida Suite 800 Georgia Atlanta GA 30309 North Carolina Phone (678) 916-2249 (direct) South Carolina Phone (800) 765-3342 (toll-free) Virginia

West Virginia Timothy W DeLessio Boston Area Office Connecticut

15 Braintree Hill Office Park Maine Braintree MA 02184 Massachusetts Phone (781) 794-5632 (direct) New Hampshire Phone (866) 728-9953 (toll-free) Rhode Island

Vermont Michael Frias Chicago Regional Office Illinois

500 West Monroe Street Indiana Suite 3300 Kentucky Chicago IL 60661 Michigan Phone (312) 382-6903 (direct) Ohio Phone (800) 944-5343 (toll-free) Wisconsin

Eloy A Villafranca Dallas Regional Office Colorado 1910 Pacific Avenue New Mexico 20th Floor Oklahoma Dallas TX 75201 Texas Phone (972) 761-8010 (direct) Phone (800) 568-9161 (toll-free)

Elizabeth Kelderhouse Kansas City Regional Office Iowa 2345 Grand Boulevard Kansas Suite 1200 Minnesota Kansas City MO 64108 Missouri Phone (816) 234-8151 (direct) Nebraska Phone (800) 209-7459 (toll-free) North Dakota

South Dakota Clinton Vaughn Memphis Area Office Arkansas

5100 Poplar Avenue Louisiana Suite 1900 Mississippi Memphis TN 38137 Tennessee Phone (901) 818-5706 (direct) Phone (800) 210-6354 (toll-free)

Valerie J Williams New York Regional Office Delaware 20 Exchange Place District of Columbia 4th Floor Maryland New York NY 10005 New Jersey Phone (917) 320-2621 (direct) New York Phone (800) 334-9593 (toll-free) Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

Linda D Ortega San Francisco Regional Office Alaska 25 Jesse Street at Ecker Square Arizona Suite 902 California San Francisco CA 94105 Guam Phone (415) 808-8115 (direct) Hawaii Phone (800) 756-3558 (toll-free) Idaho

Montana Nevada Oregon

Utah Washington

Wyoming

FDIC QUARTERLY 29 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 33: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

The following organizations are additional sources of information for banks that may want to participate in an IDA program27

bull CFED is a nonprofit organization established in 1979 as the Corporation for Enterprise Develop-ment (httpwwwcfedorg) CFED strives to ensure that every person can participate in contribute to and benefit from the economy by bringing together community practice public policy and private markets The CFED Web site includes IDA program statistics model legal and operational documents the results of scholarly research and minutes of meetings and conferences in the IDA arena

bull The Center for Social Development (CSD) is affili-ated with the George Warren Brown School of Social Work at the Washington University in St Louis Missouri (httpgwbwebwustleducsd) CSD is a leading academic center of theory and research on asset-building strategies for low-income low-asset populations The CSD Web site includes the complete ADD report

bull The Doorways to Dreams (D2D) Fund works to expand access to financial services especially asset-building opportunities for low-income families by creating testing and implementing innovative finan-cial products and services (httpwwwd2dfundorg) An online IDA software package along with exten-sive information and product templates for refund splitting are available on the D2D Web site

IDAs Indeed a ldquoGoodrdquo Match

A sound business case exists for banks to develop strategies to attract low- and moderate-income

customers as these individuals are generating signifi-cant revenues for nonbank financial companies IDAs are a straightforward low-risk way to appeal to such customers Although IDAs are unlikely to be profitable in the short term expanding relationships with these customers may generate profitability over the longer term In addition other benefits accrue to banks partic-ipating in IDA programs such as positive consideration during CRA examinations and goodwill in the commu-nity If some of the barriers can be overcome then IDA programs may become more widespread providing additional opportunities for low-income individuals to join the financial mainstream and for banks to reach out to new customers

Author Rae-Ann Miller Special Advisor to the Director Division of Insurance and Research rmillerfdicgov

Contributor Susan Burhouse Financial Economist Division of Insurance and Research sburhousefdicgov

The author wishes to thank Elizabeth Russell List (Community Affairs Officer FDIC) Kim Lowry (WriterEditor FDIC) Vanessa Vaughn (Community Relations Specialist UMB Bank NA) Turner Pettway (Community Develop-ment Manager US Bank NA) Kim Pate (Director Field Development CFED) Emily Appel (Program Manager Field Development CFED) and Julie Riddle (Manager Asset Build-ing and Family Support Programs The Family Conservancy) The author wishes to extend special thanks to Susan Burhouse without whose significant assistance this article would not have been completed

27 The FDIC does not endorse any specific Web site or program related to IDAs

FDIC QUARTERLY 30 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program
Page 34: FDIC Quarterly First Quarter 2007 · 2019. 1. 11. · FDIC Quarterly 2007, Volume 1, Number 1 Quarterly Banking Profile: First Quarter 2007 Commercial banks and savings institutions

IDAs and Banks A Solid ldquoMatchrdquo

Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program Many successful IDA programs operate across the coun-try The FDIC has participated in a number of programs often facilitating communications between sponsoring organizations and financial institutions and providing financial literacy and other technical assistance One example is The Family Conservancy (TFC) in Kansas City Missouri TFC is the oldest and largest nonprofit social service agency in the Greater Kansas City area More than 120000 people are served annually by TFC programs that focus on asset building counseling early childhood education and family support TFC is the largest administrator of IDAs in the Kansas City metro area offering more than 900 accounts with $1 million in committed funding

TFC recruits IDA participants from community organi-zations such as El Centro an organization offering finan-cial counseling and other services to Latino immigrants Rose Brooks Center a shelter for homeless women and the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services The maximum income for participation is 200 percent of the federal poverty level or about $40000 for a family of four

Participants may use account proceeds only for home purchase entrepreneurship or post-secondary education Participantsrsquo deposits are matched two for one and there is a one-year prohibition on withdrawing matched funds TFC applies for grants and receives funding for the match from a variety of sources including the US Department of Health and Human Services state agencies philan-thropic foundations such as the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation and public corporations including banks

The FDICrsquos Money Smart curriculum is used for TFCrsquos financial literacy training requirement The Money Smart curriculum consists of ten modules and is available in English Spanish Chinese Korean Vietnamese and Russian TFC IDA participants must complete all ten modules to keep their matched funds Money Smart classes are taught at TFC headquarters as well as at the Rose Brooks Center and El Centro

US Bank NA and UMB Bank NA administer the reserve and participant accounts These banks have

provided some direct funding to the IDA program as well as operational support These banks also relaxed policies governing the number of years during which potential IDA account holders must show a clean check-writing record

The FDIC also worked with TFC to spin off ten IDA slots to the rural community of Emporia Kansas in an attempt to bring financial education and asset-building assistance to immigrants and other local individuals particularly in the meatpacking industry Emporia Community Housing Organization (ECHO) a commu-nity-based organization that provides low-income hous-ing to Emporia residents sponsors the accounts and Emporia State Bank hosts the accounts

The TFC IDA program has produced very favorable results for individual participants and the banks As of December 31 2006

bull 1183 individuals had opened IDAs

bull $2722250 in total potential participant savings including matched funds were deposited

bull 371 individuals had successfully exited the IDA program

bull 170 IDA participants purchased a home and about 50 percent of these participants received mortgages from partner banks

bull 175 IDA participants used funds for post-secondary education

bull 73 IDA participants started or expanded a small business

bull 38 IDA participants used funds for home repairs

bull 27 IDA participants transferred savings to an individ-ual retirement account

bull 7400 hours of FDIC Money Smart financial education were completed and

bull 895 individuals graduated from the Money Smart curriculum

FDIC QUARTERLY 31 2007 VOLUME 1 NO1

  • Structure Bookmarks
    • Letter from the Executive Editor
    • Quarterly Banking Profile
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Feature Article
    • Profits Are Lower at Many Institutions
    • Increased Costs Contribute to Earnings Decline
    • Margins Fall to Sixteen-Year Low at Smaller Institutions
    • Rising Loss Provisions Stay Ahead of Increase in Loan Losses
    • Noncurrent Rate Climbs for Third Consecutive Quarter
    • Reserve Ratio Registers First Increase in Five Years
    • Dividend Surge Limits Growth in Equity
    • Slower Asset Growth Is Centered in Real Estate
    • Interest-Bearing Deposit Growth Is Strong
    • Insured Bank Failure Is First Since Mid-Year 2004
    • Insurance Fund Indicators
    • Changes to Risk-Based Assessments from the Reform Legislation
    • Local Success Story ndash The Family Conservancy IDA Program