Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Public Transportation Emergencies The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) has supported

industry programs for security and preparedness through training, research, guidelines and regulation.

49 CFR Part 659, which went into effect on January 1, 1998, requires all rail transit agencies to document their security and preparedness programs in System Security Program Plans, reviewed and approved by State Oversight Agencies.

Public Transportation Emergencies Working with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Office

of Intelligence and Security, FTA has also coordinated closely with national domestic preparedness programs, developed after the 1995 sarin release on a Tokyo subway killed 12 and sent thousands of others to local hospitals.

The Defense Against Weapons of Mass Destruction Act of 1996 initiated a program to provide training and equipment for first responders to deal with terrorist incidents, including those involving weapons of mass destruction (WMD), in 120 of the highest risk cities in the country.

The Public Transportation System Security and Emergency Preparedness Planning Guide, 2003.

Public Transportation Emergency Preparedness Components

PREVENT incidents within its control and responsibility, effectively protect critical assets;

RESPOND decisively to events that cannot be prevented, mitigate loss, and protect employees, passengers, and emergency responders;

SUPPORT response to events that impact local communities, integrating equipment and capabilities seamlessly into the total effort; and

RECOVER from major events, taking full advantage of available resources and programs.

Preparedness Planning

Planning identifies potential targets and risks, vulnerabilities to various forms of attack, crime, and natural disaster, and allows these targets to be hardened and the risks to be mitigated.

Planning provides the agency an opportunity to ensure redundancy in critical system operations, including personnel for all major functions.

System Security and Emergency Preparedness (SSEP)

System security and emergency preparedness (SSEP) offers a valuable tool to support the efforts of transportation managers to answer system security questions.

Steps in the System Security Methodology

Step 1: Designate an organizational capability to manage security issues for the system. For small systems, this assignment can be

part-time for a single employee. For the nation’s larger systems, dedicated

transportation police perform this function.

Step 2: Create a Security and Emergency Preparedness Planning (SEPP) Team. For small systems, this can be the existing

Bus/Vehicle Operators Committee or an Ad Hoc Committee, including representatives from systems served or contractors used to provide service.

Larger systems may have several distinct committees (security planning, security operations, security breach review, as well as committees that focus on emergency management and coordination with local responders).

Step 3: Perform a SEPP Capabilities Assessment

Perform a SEPP Capabilities Assessment to develop a snapshot of the system’s current level of readiness.

If applicable, the system should also identify baseline security practices that are consistent across its operations or modes of service.

Step 4: Conduct a Threat and Vulnerability Assessment

Conduct a Threat and Vulnerability Assessment to identify critical assets, vulnerability to specific threats, based on the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of occurrence (given current security baselines and/or practices), and to develop passive and active counter-measures for addressing prioritized vulnerabilities.

Step 5: Develop System Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan

Develop a System Security and Emergency Preparedness Plan to describe system roles and responsibilities for these activities.

Small systems may have one combined plan. Larger systems may have multiple plans (System Security Plan, Basic Emergency Plan and Incident Annexes, and Terrorism Response Plan).

Step 6: Develop a work plan for implementing countermeasures.

This may include, in the short-term, issuing bulletins to operators and meeting with local law enforcement.

Long-term implementation measures include developing annual programs for exercising emergency notification and response procedures and developing a master plan for CCTV implementation at the system.

Step 7: Readiness drills

Emphasize readiness in all system activities, including role-playing in operator meetings, tabletop simulations, what if exercises, tabletop simulations, drills, and interagency exercises are vital to ensure that transportation employees and local responders are familiar with plans and equipment and develop needed skills.

Interacting through exercises also provides an opportunity for systems to develop working relationships and mutual trust.

Department of Energy (DOE) Within the DOE Office of Environmental Management, the

Office of Transportation implements the complex-wide Transportation Emergency Preparedness Program (TEPP) to address preparedness issues for non classified/ non weapons radioactive material shipments.

As an element of the DOE Comprehensive Emergency Management System, TEPP provides support to DOE and other Federal, State, Tribal, and local authorities to prepare for a response to a transportation incident involving DOE shipments of radioactive material.

TEPP is implemented on a regional basis, with a TEPP Coordinator designated for each of the eight DOE Regional Coordinating Offices.

TEPP Planning Tools

This Transportation Emergency Preparedness Program (TEPP) Model Procedure contains the recommended actions for response to transportation incidents involving radioactive material.

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) was formed immediately following the tragedies of Sept. 11. Congress passed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act on November 19, 2001 which formed the TSA..

The agency is a component of the Department of Homeland Security and is responsible for security of the nation's transportation systems.

With state, local and regional partners, the TSA oversees security for the highways, railroads, buses, mass transit systems, ports and the 450 U.S. airports.

Federal Air Marshal Service

Federal Air Marshals serve as the primary law enforcement entity within TSA.

They deploy on flights around the world and in the United States.

While their primary mission of protecting air passengers and crew has not changed much over the years, Federal Air Marshals have an ever expanding role in homeland security and work closely with other law enforcement agencies to accomplish their mission.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)

The FHWA Operations is engaged in emergency preparedness and management, working with other DOT administrations and Federal agencies, its State and local partners, academia, industry associations, and the private sector.

The purpose is to ensure that surface transportation operating agencies throughout the nation have the necessary tools, techniques, information, and understanding to be able to prevent when possible, prepare for, respond to, and recover from both natural and man-made disasters.

FHWA Activities

Facilitating improved communication and creating partnerships

Assembling and distributing best practices Providing for education, awareness, training Engaging in R&D activities Coordinating with other federal agencies Distributing information on threats Ensuring the transportation system will support

military deployments Advocating planning and preparation, and having in

place a program of active management of the transportation network

Federal Motor Vehicle Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) Commercial Vehicle Security

In response to the terrorist atrocities committed against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and subsequent threats to the transportation system, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has initiated programs to protect the public from terrorists using commercial motor vehicles as weapons or targets.

A top priority for commercial vehicle security is protecting the transportation of hazardous materials.

Hazardous Materials Anti-terrorism Tips

The Federal Motor Vehicle Carrier Safety Administration has developed a series of guidelines and tips for motor carriers.

Examples of these guidelines include terrorism prevention strategies when transporting hazardous materials for drivers.

Emergency Planning for Hazardous Materials Transportation The HM-232 regulations require persons who offer

certain types and quantities of hazardous materials (hazmat) for transportation or transport in commerce to develop and implement security plans.

Sample Plan Outline Purpose Risk Assessment Personnel Security En route Security Reporting suspicious activity

Emergency Planning for Hazardous Materials Transportation All hazmat employees, as defined in the Hazardous

Materials Regulations (HMR, 49 CFR Parts 171-180), must receive training that provides an awareness of security risks associated with hazmat transportation and methods designed to enhance hazmat transportation security.

Types of training General awareness training Function specific training Safety training Security training Modal specific training Initial (within 90 days) and every three years, or if changes in

job

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) In the U.S. Department of Transportation

(DOT), PHMSA - the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration has public responsibilities for safe and secure movement of hazardous materials to industry and consumers by all transportation modes, including pipelines.

Office of Hazardous Materials Safety (OHMS)

Part of the PHMSA The mission of the OHMS is to promulgate

a national safety program that will minimize the risks to life and property inherent in commercial transportation of hazardous materials. (Bulk transportation onboard vessels is

beyond the scope of this office.)

Functions of OHMS

The functions of the OHMS can be consolidated into five categories: regulatory development, enforcement, training and information dissemination, domestic and international standards, and inter-agency cooperative activities.

All functions of this office are subject to the executive direction of the PHMSA Administrator, who is advised (by this office) on all hazardous materials transportation safety issues.

OHMS Activities

Develops, processes, proposes, and recommends regulations governing the safe and secure transportation of hazardous materials.

Develops regulatory policy and initiatives. Supports the operation of, and coordinates with, the United

States Coast Guard on the National Response Center. Provides technical assistance and support relative to hazardous

materials transportation safety and security to state and local governments

Gathers and analyzes incident and operations data from carriers transporting hazardous materials, and manufacturers of hazardous materials containers.

Implements activities related to the Nuclear Waste Policy Act.