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Bibliographies

Feudalism

The Following is a provisional checklist of books and articles inwestern languages related to feudalism in world history. Corrections and additions would be much appreciated(brownh@ccsua.ctstateu.edu)

World Ashtor, Eliyahu. A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: California, 1976. Cahen, Claude. "Technique et organisation socio-militaire dans le monde musulman 'classique.' Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'occident MÇditerranÇen (Xe - XIIIe siäcles)." Collection de l'Çcole francaise. Rome 44 (1980): 691-698. Centre d'Çtudes et de recherches marxistes. Sur le fÇodalisme. Paris: êditions Sociales, 1974. Critchley, John. Feudalism. London: Allen & Unwin, 1978. Deger-Jalkotzy, Sigrid. "'Near Eastern Economics' versus 'Feudal Society'." Minos 20-22 (1987): 137-150. Felber, Roland, and Merlene Njammasch. "Besonderheiten und Gemeinsamkeiten in der Feudalismusentwicklung in Indien, China und Japan: Versuch einer Vergleichenden Analyse." Jahrbuch fÅr Geschichte des Feudalismus 10 (1986): 9-27. Gunawardana, R. A. L. H. "The Analysis of Pre-Colonial Social Formations in Asia in the Writings of Karl Marx." The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities 1 (1975): 8-30. Hrozny, Bedrich. Histoire de l'Asie antÇrieure, de l'Inde, et de la Cräte. Paris: 1947.

JoÅon des Longrais, F. L'Est et L'Ouest. Institutions du Japon et de l'Ouest comparÇs. Tokyo/Paris: 1958. JoÅon des Longrais, FrÇdÇric. L'Est et L'Ouest: Institutions du Japon et le l'Occident comparÇes. Paris/Tokyo: Maison Franco- Japonaise, 1958. Krader, Lawrence. "Feudalism and the Tartar Polity of the Middle Ages." Comparative Studies in Society and History 1 (1958): 76- 99. ________. Peoples of Central Asia. Bloomington: Indiana, 1971. Laclau, Ernesto. "Feudalism and Capitalism in Latin America." New Left Review , no. 67 (1971): Lewis, Archibald R. "The Midi, Buwayid Iraq, and Japan: Some Aspects of Comparative Feudalisms, A.D. 936-1050." Comparative Studies in Society and History 11 (1969): 47-53. Ma Keyao. Asian and European Feudalism: Three Studies in Comparative History. Copenhagen: East Asian Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1990. Melikishvili, G. A. "The Character of the Socioeconomic Structure in the Ancient Near East (A Preliminary Classification of Class Societies by Stage and Type)." Soviet Anthropology and Archaeology 15, no. 2/3 (1976): 29-49. Pokora, Timoteus. "A Theory of Periodization of World History." Archiv Orientalni 34 (1966): 602-605. Russell, James W. Modes of Production in World History. New York: Routledge, 1989. Stern, Steve J. "Feudalism, Capitalism, and the World System in the Perspective of Latin America and the Caribbean." American Historical Review 93 (1988): 829-872. Toynbee, Arnold P., A. L. Kroeber, and et al. Conference on Feudalism. Princeton: Institute for Advanced Study, 1950. Vladimirtsov, B. Ya. Le rÇgime social des Mongols. Le fÇodalisme nomade. Paris: Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1948. Weber, Max. General Economic History (1919-20). New York: 1961. Werner, Ernst. "Charakteristika des vorder- und mittelasiastischen Feudalismus." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichtswissenschaft 11 (1963): 1134-1145. ________. "De l'esclavage Ö la fÇodalitÇ: La pÇriodisation de l'histoire mondiale." Annales: ESC 17 (1962): 930-939.

Social Science Abercrombie, Nicholas, Stephen Hill, and Bryan S. Turner. The Dominant Ideology Thesis. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1980. Abrahamian, Ervand. "European Feudalism and Middle Eastern Despotisms." Science and Society 39 (1975): 129-156. Amin, Samir. "Modes of Production, History and Unequal Development (Communication)." Science and Society 49 (1985): 194- 207. Balandier, Georges. Political Anthropology. New York: Pantheon, 1970. Balibar, êtienne. "From Periodization to the Modes of Production." Reading Capital, Pt.II, ch. I, pp.209-224. Louis Althusser. London, 1970. Banaji, Jairus. "Modes of Production in a Materialist Conception of History." Capital and Class , no. 3 (1977): 1-44. ________. "The Peasantry in the Feudal Mode of Production: Towards an Economic Model." Journal of Peasant Studies 3 (1976): 299-320. Barg, M. A., and V. N. Nikiforov. "Feudalism." The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, New York: Macmillan, 1977. Bentzien, Ulrich. Bauernarbeit im Feudalismus. Berlin: 1980. Bhaduri, Amit. "Agricultural Backwardness under Semi-Feudalism." Economic Journal 83, no. 329 (March 1973): Bloch, Marc. "Feudalism, European." Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, 203-210. New York: Macmillan, 1931. Bois, Guy. "Against the Neo-Malthusian Orthodoxy." Past and Present , no. 79 (1978): 60-69. Braitschewski, Michael. "Zum Problem der feudalen Synthese." Das Altertum 14 (1968): 97-103. Brenner, Robert. "The Origins of Capitalist Development: A Critique of Neo-Smithian Marxism." New Left Review , no. 104 (1977): 25-92. Brown, Elizabeth A. R. "The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe." American Historical Review 79 (1974): 1963-1088. Brunner, Otto. "Feudalism: The History of a Concept." Lordship and Community in Medieval Europe, Editor Fredrich Cheyette. New York, 1968. Byres, T. J., and Mukhia, Harbars. Editors. Feudalism and Non-European Societies. London: Biblio Dist Center (Totowa), 1985.

Cook, C. Scott. "Value, Price and Simple Commodity Production: The Case of the Zapotec Stoneworkers." Journal of Peasant Studies 3 (1976): Coulborn, Rushton. Feudalism in History. Princeton: Princeton, 1956. Dobb, Maurice H. "From Feudalism to Capitalism." Marxism Today (September 1962): Dobb, Maurice. Studies in the Development of Capitalism. New York: International/New World paper, 1963". Dobb, Maurice H. "The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism." Our History , no. No. 29 (1963): Dunham, William Huse. "Review of Bryce D Lyon, From Fief to Indenture: The Transition from Feudal to Non-Feudal Contract in Western Europe (Cambridge MA: Harvard, 1956)." Speculum 33 (1958): 300-304. Duplessis, Robert S. "From Demesne to World System: A Critical Review of the Literature on the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism." Radical History Review 4 (December 1977): 3-41. Engels, Frederick. "The Decline of Feudalism and the Rise of the Bourgeoisie (1884)." Evans-Pritchard, Edward E. Anthropology and History: A Lecture Delivered in the University of Manchester. Manchester : Manchester, 1961. Felber, Roland, and Marlene Njammasch. "Besonderheiten und Gemeinsamkeiten in der Feudalismusentwicklung in Indien, China und Japan: Versuch einer Verglichenden Analyse." Jahrbuch der Geschichte Feudalismus 10 (1986): 9-27. "Feudalism and Non-European Societies." Journal of Peasant Studies , no. Special Issue (January 1985): Fustel de Coulanges, Numa Denis. Les Origines du systäme fÇodal. 1890. Genet, J. Ph., et al. Editors. Compte Rendu des SÇances de la SociÇtÇ d'Etude du FÇodalisme. III-IV (1979-80). Paris, 1982. Gottlieb, Roger. "Feudalism and Historical Materialism: A Critique and a Synthesis." Science and Society 48 (1984): 1-37. Habib, Irfan. "Problems of Marxist Historical Analysis." Enquiry (New Delhi) n.s. 3 (1969): 52-68. Harrison, Mark. "The Peasant Mode of Production in the Work of A. V. Chayanov." The Journal of Peasant Studies 4 (July 1977): 323- 225. Heller, Henry. "The Transition Debate in Historical Perspective."

Science and Society 49 (1985): 208-213. Hilton, Rodney H. "A Crisis of Feudalism." Past and Present , no. No. 80 (1978): Hilton, Rodney, and Maurice Dobb, Paul Sweezy, H. Takahashi, and Christopher Hill. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. London: New Left Books/Humanities, 1976. Hindess, Barry, and Paul Q. Hirst. Pre-Capitalist Modes of Production. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975. Hintze, Otto. "Wesen und Verbreitung des Feudalismus." Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 20 (1929): Hobsbawm, Eric. "Introduction." Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations, 9-65. Karl Marx. New York: International Publishers, 1964. Holton, Robert. "Marxist Theories of Social Change and the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism." Theory and Society 10 (1981): 833-867. Hoselitz, Bert F. "On Comparative History." World Politics 9 (1957): 267-279. Kamenka, Eugene and R. S. Neal. Editors. Feudalism, Capitalism and Beyond. London: Arnold, 1975. Katz, Claudio J. From Feudalism to Capitalism: Marxian Theories of Class Struggle and Social Change. New York: Greenwood, 1989. Krader, Lawrence. "Feudalism and the Tartar Polity of the Middle Ages." Comparative Studies in Society and History 1 (1958): 76- 99. Kuchenbuch, Ludolf. "BÑuerliche ôkonomie und feudale Produktionsweise - Ein Beitrag zur Weltsystemdebatte aus mediÑvistischer Sicht." Perspektiven des Weltsystems, 112-141. Editor Jochen Blaschke. Frankfurt, 1983. Kula, Witold. An Economic Theory the Feudal System: Towards a Model of the Polish Economy 1500-1800. London: 1976. ________. Theorie Çconomique du systäme fÇodale: pour un model de l'Çconomie polonaise 16e - 18e siäcles. Le Havre: Mouton, 1970. KÅttler, Wolfgang. "Grundlagen geschichtswissenschaftlicher Typisierung. Marxistisch-leninistische Positionen und Max Webers Idealtypische Methode." Marxistische Typisierung und idealtypische Methode in der Geschichteswissensfhaft, 11-59. Editor Wolfgang KÅttler. Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften, Zentralinstitut fÅr Geschichte, 1986. KÅttler, Wolfgang, and Gerhard Lozek. "Die historische Gestzma⋅igkeit der Gesellschaftsformationen als Dialektik von Ereignis, Struktur

und Entwicklung." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichtswissenschaft 18, no. 9 (1970): 1117-1145. Laclau, Ernesto. "Feudalism and Capitalism in Latin America." New Left Review , no. 67 (1971): 19-55. Laibman, David. "Modes of Production and Theories of Transition." Science and Society 48 (1984): 257-294. Lattimore, Owen. "Feudalism in History (review of R. Coulborn, Feudalism in History)." Past and Present , no. 12 (1957): 47-57. Leach, Edmund. "Talking about Talking about Feudalism." Feudalism: Comparative Studies, 6-24. Editors Edmund Leach, S. N. Mukherjee, and John Ward. Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies in Society and Culture, 1985. Leach, Edmund, S. N. Mukherjee, and John Ward. Editors. Feudalism: Comparative Studies. Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies in Society and Culture, 1985. Lehman, W. C. "John Millar, historical Sociologist: Some Remarkable Anticipation of Modern Sociology." British Journal of Sociology 3 (1952): 30-46. Lewis, Archibald R. Knights and Samurai: Feudalism in Northern France and Japan. London: Temple Smith, 1978. Lyon, Bryce. "The Feudalism of Marc Bloch." Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 76 (1963): 275-283. Markov, G. E. "Ausbeutungs- und AbhÑngigkeitsverhÑltnisse bei den Nomaden Asiens." Die Nomaden in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 13-. Berlin, 1981. Mukherjee, S. N. "The Idea of Feudalism: from the Philosophes to Karl Marx." Feudalism: Comparative Studies, 25-39. Editors Edmund Leach, S. N. Mukherjee, and John Ward. Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies in Society and Culture, 1985. Murray, Martin. "Recent Views on the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism." Socialist Revolution , no. no. 34 64-91. MÅller-Mertens, Eckhard. Editor. Feudalismus. Entstehung und Wesen. Berlin: Akademische Verlag, 1984. Parain, Charles. "Caractäres gÇnÇaux du fÇdalisme." Sur le fÇodalisme, 13-17. Centre d'êtudes et de Recherches Marxistes. Paris: Editions Sociales, 1974. ________. "Comment caracteriser 'un mode de production?'." La PensÇe , no. 132 (1967): 48-52. Prawer, Joshua, and Shmuel N. Eisenstadt. "Feudalism." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 6 [?], 393-403. New York, 1968.

Rodolsky, R. "The Distribution of the Agrarian Product in Feudalism." Journal of Economic History 11, no. 3 (June 1951): 247-265. Saltman, Michael. "Feudal Relationships and the Law: A Comparative Inquiry." Comparative Studies in Society and History 29 (1987): 514-532. Strayer, Joseph R., and Rushton Coulborn. "The Idea of Feudalism." Feudalism in History, 3-11. Editor Rushton Coulborn. Hamden CT: Archon, 1965. Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'occident MÇditerranÇen (Xe - XIIIe siäcles), : êcole franáaise de Rome, 1980. Sweezy, Paul. "A Critique." The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism, Maurice Dobb, and et al. London: New Left Books, 1976. ________. "A Note on Feudalism." The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism, Maurice Dobb, and et al. London: New Left Books, 1978. Tîpfer, Bernhard. "Ursachen fÅr Fortschritte und Stagnationsercheinungen in der Feudalgesellschaft." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichtswissenschaft 31 (1983): 132-146. Tîpfer, Berhard. "Zu einigen Grundfragen des Feudalismus. Ein Diskussionsbeitrag." Feudalismus, 221-254. Editor Heide Wunder. MÅnchen: Nymphenburger, 1974. Vasili'ev, L. S., and Stuchevskii. "Three Models for the Origin and Evolution of Precapitalist Societies." Soviet Review 8, no. 3 (1967): 26-39. Ward, John O. "Feudalism: Interpretive Category or Framework of Life in the Medieval West?" Feudalism: Comparative Studies, 40- 67. Editor Edmund Leach, S. N. Mukherjee, and John Ward. Sydney, 1985. Weber, Max. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. 1947. Welskopf, Elisabeth Charlotte. "Antwort eines Historikers." Deutsche Zeitschrift fÅr Philosophie 12 (1964): 721-737. Wickham, Chris. "The Uniqueness of the East." Journal of Peasant Studies 12 (1985): Wunder, Heide. Editor. Feudalismus. MÅnchen: Nymphenburger Verlag, 1971. Yushkov, S. "On the Question of the Pre-Feudal ('Barbarian') State." Voprosy istorii 7 (1946): Zakyhthinos, D. D. "Processus de fÇodalisation." L'Hellenisme contemporaine 2 (1948): 499-534.

Europe Ahrweiler, HÇläne. "Le pronoia Ö Byzance. Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'Occident mÇditerranÇen (Xe - XIIIe siäcles)." Collection de l'Çcole franáaise Rome 44 (1980): 681-689. Anderson, Perry. Lineages of the Absolutist State. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities/Verso, 1974. ________. Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism. New York: Routledge/Verso, 1974. Andreev, Mihail. "Zur Frage des öbergangs von der Sklaverei zum Feudalismus und zur Entstehung frÅhester feudaler VerhÑltnisse." Klio 49 (1967): 305-312. Aston, Trevor H. and Ch. H. E. Philpin. Editors. The Brenner Debate:Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-IndustrialEurope. New York: Cambridg0e, 1985. Aymard, Maurice. "From Feudalism to Capitalism in Italy: The Case that Doesn't Fit." Review 6 (1982): 131-208. Bachrach, Bernard. "Charles Martel, Shock Combat, the Stirrup and Feudalism." Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 7 (1970): 47-75. Baechler, Jean, J. A. Hall and M. Mann. Editors. Europe and the Rise of Capitalism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, [date not set '87]. Barker, Philip. "The Politics of Primogeniture: Sex, Consciousness and Social Organization in North Western Europe (900-1250 A.D.)." Feudalism: Comparative Studies, 87-104. Editors Edmund Leach, and et al. Sydney: Sydney Association for Studies of Society and Culture, 1985. Baron, Samuel H. "Feudalism or the Asiatic Mode of Production: Alternative Interpretations of Russian History." Windows on the Russian Past, Editor Samuel H. Baron, and Nancy W. Heer. Columbus OH, 1977. ________. "The Town in 'feudal' Russia." Slavic Review 18 (1969): 116-122. Bartlett, Robert J. "Technique militaire et pouvoir politique, 900-1300." Annales ESC 41 (1986): 1135-1159. Bartmu⋅, Hans Joachim, and Rigobert GÅnther. "KlassenkÑmpfe und Volksbewegungen in den vorfeudalen Klassengeschellschaften und in frÅhfeudaler Zeit." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichteswissenschaft 30 (1982): 916-.

Beck, Hans Georg. Byzantinischen Gefolgschaftswesen. Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschafter, 1965. Beeler, John. Warfare in Feudal Europe, 730-1200. Ithaca NY: Cornell, 1971. Bennett, Michael. "The English Experience of Feudalism." Feudalism: Comparative Studies, 124-135. Editors Edmund Leach, and et al. Sydney, 1985. Bentzien, U. Bauernarbeit im Feudalismus. Berlin: 1980. Birioukovitch, V., and I. Levitsk. "Le Moyen Age." Le FÇodalisme, 5-25. Paris, 1963. Bisson, Thomas N. "The Problem of Feudal Monarchy: Aragon, Catalonia and France." Speculum 53 (1978): 460-478. Blaut, J. M. "[rev. of Baechler-Hall-Mann '88]." Progress in Human Geography 13, no. 3 (1989): 441-448. Bleiber, Waltraut. "Politische Macht und sozialîkonomische Grundlagen bei der Ausbildung feudal VerhÑltnisse in West- und Mitteleuropa." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichtswissenschaft 21 (1973): 810-829. Bloch, Marc. Feudal Society. Chicago: Chicago, 1961. ________. "Feudalism: European." Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, vol. 6, 203-210; bibliography on p.219. London, 1932. ________. La sociÇtÇ fÇodale. I. La formation des liens de dÇpendence. II. Les classes et le gouvernement des hommes. Paris: 1939. ________. "Les formes de la rupture de l'hommage dans l'ancien droit fÇodal." Nouvelle revue historique de droit franáaise et Çtranger 36 (1912): 141-177. Bois, Guy. Crise du fÇodalisme: Çconomie rurale et dÇmographie en Normandie orientale du dÇbut du 14e siäcle au mileiu du 16e siäcle. Paris: Editions de l'êcole des Haustes êtudes en Sciences Sociales, 1976. ________. The Crisis of Feudalism: Economy and Society in Eastern Normandy c.1300 - 1500. New York: Cambridge, 1984. BonnaissiÇ, Pierre. From Slavery to Feudalism. New York: Cambridge, 1991. Boulainvilliers, H. de. Etat de la France/Histoire de l'ancien gouvernement de la France (1727). London: 1727. Boussard, Jacques. "Services fÇodaux, milices et mercenaires dans les armÇes en France au Xe et XIe siäcles." Ordimenti militari in Occidente nell'alto medievale, i, 131-168. Spoleto, 1986.

Boutruche, Robert. Seigneurie et fÇodalitÇ. Paris: Aubier, 1968. Brenner, Robert. "Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe." Past and Present , no. 70 (1976): 30-75. Bresc, Henri. "FÇodalitÇ coloniale en terre d'Islam. La Sicile (1070-1240). Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'occident mÇditerranÇen." Collection de l'Çcole franáaise Rome'1980 , no. 631-647 (1944): Brown, Elizabeth A. R. "The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe." American Historical Review 79 (1974): 1063-1088. Cahen, C. Le rÇgime fÇodal de l'Italie normand. Paris: 1940. Calmette, Jean. La sociÇtÇ fÇodale. Paris: 1938. Cam, H. M. "The Decline and Fall of English Feudalism." History 25 (1940): 216-233. Cammarosano, Paolo. "Le strutture feudali nell'evoluzione dell'Occidente mediterraneo: note sur un coloquio internazionale (rev. art.)." Studi medievali (Turin) 22, no. 2 (1981): 837-870. Carcassonne, E. Montesquieu et le probläme de la constitution franáaise au XVIII siäcle. Paris: 1927. Carile, Antonio. "Signoria rurale e feudalesimo nell/impero latino dio Constantinopoli (1204-1261); Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'Occident mÇditerranÇen (Xe - XIIIe siäcles)." Collection de l'Ecole Franáaise Rome 44 (1980): 667-678. Charanis, Peter. "On the Social Structure and Economic Organization of the Byzantine Empire in the Thirteenth Century and Later." Byzantinoslavica 12 (1951): 94-153. Chirot, Daniel. "The Rise of the West." American Sociological Review 50 (1985): 181-195. Collins, Randall. "Weber's Last Theory of Capitalism: A Systematization." American Sociological Review 45 (1980): 925- 942. Cronne, H. A. "Historical Revisions, xci. The Origins of Feudalism." History 24 (1940): 251-259. Czok, Karl. "Charakter und Entwicklund des feudalen deutschen Territorialstaates." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichtswissenschaft 21 (1973): 925-949. Dean, Trevor. Land and Power in Late Medieval Ferrara: The Rule of the Este, 1350-1450. New York: Cambridge, 1988. Diesner, Hans Joachim. "Der öbergang von Sklavenhalter -

Feudalsystem." Jahrbuch fÅr Wirtschaftsgeschichte , no. 2 (1971): 193-210. Dobb, Maurice. "From Feudalism to Capitalism." The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism, 165-169. Editors Rodney Hilton, and et al. London: New Left Books, 1976. ________. Studies on the Development of Capitalism. New York: International, 1963". Dockäs, Pierre. Medieval Slavery and Liberation. Chicago: Chicago, 1982. Dopsch, Alfons. "Beneficialwesen und FeudalitÑt." Mitteilungen des Oesterrreichischen Instituts fÅr Geschichtsforschung 46 (1932): 1-36. Duby, Georges. "La Seigneurie banale." L'Economie rurale et la vie des campagnes dans l'occident mÇdiÇval, Paris: Aubier, 1962. ________. The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined. Chicago: Chicago, 1982. Elwood, Ralph C. Editor. Russian and East European History; Selected papers from the Second World Congress for Soviet and East European Studies. Berkeley: Slavic, 1984. Engels, Friedrich. "öber den Verfall des Feudalismus und das Aufkommen der Bourgeoisie." Werke, vol. 21, 392-401. Finley, Moses I. "The Mycenaean Tablets and Economic History." Economic History Review 10 (1957): 128-141. Fourquin, Guy. Lordship and Feudalism in the Middle Ages. New York: Pica, 1976. ________. Seigeurie et fÇodalitÇ au moyen Ége. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1970. Ganshof, Franáois L. Feudalism. New York: Harpers, 1961". Gasparri, Stefano. "Il feudalesimo nell'Occidente mediterraneo." Studi Storici 22 (July 1981): 631-645. Gringmuth-Dallmer, Eike. "Der frÅhgeschichtliche Landausbau als Element der Produktivkraftentwicklung." ProduktivkrÑfte und PRoduktionsverhÑltnisse, 311-323. Berlin, 1985. Guichard, Pierre. "Le probläme de l'existence de structures de type 'fÇodale' dans la sociÇtÇ d'al' Andalus (l'example de la rÇgion valencienne). Structures fÇodale et fÇodalisme dans l'occident mÇditerranÇen (Xe - XIIIe siäcles)." Collection de l'Çcole franáaise Rome 44 (1980): 699-725. Gurevich, Aron Iakovlevich. Problemy genezisa feodalizma v. Zapadnoi Europe. Moscow: 1970.

GÅnther, Rigobert. "Coloni liberi und coloni originarii; einige Bemerkungen zum spÑtantikes Kolonat." Klio 12 (1967): 267-270. Haldon, John. "The Feudalism Debate Once More: The Case of Byzantium." Journal of Peasant Studies 17 (1989): 5-40. Herbert, Sydney. The Fall of Feudalism in France. London: Methuen, 1921. Herlihy, David. Editor. The History of Feudalism. Atlantic Highlands: Humanities, 1970. Hilton, Rodney H. Class Conflict and the Crisis of Feudalism: Essays in Medieval Social History. New York: Verso/Routledge, 1990". Hilton, Rodney. "Feudalism in Europe: Problems for Historical Materialists." New Left Review 147 (1984): 84-93. Hilton, Rodney H. "Peasant Society, Peasant Movements and Feudalism in Medieval Europe." Rural Protest, 67-94. Editor Henry Landsberger. London: Macmillan, 1974. Hilton, Rodney et al. Editors. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. London: New Left Books, 1976. Hilton, Rodney H., and P. H. Sawyer. "Technical Determinism: The Stirrup and the Plough." Past and Present , no. 24 (1963): 90- 100. Hintze, Otto. "Wesen und Verbreitung des Feudalismus." Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Phil.-Hist. Klasse (1929): 321-347. Hobsbawm, Eric J. "From Babylon to Manchester (review of Anderson)." New Statesman 89 (1975): 177-178. ________. "From Feudalism to Capitalism." The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism, 159-164. Editors Rodney Hilton, and et al. London: New Left Books, 1976. Hoffmann, Hildegard, and I. Mittenzwei. "Stellung des BÅrgertums in der deutschen Feudalgesellschaft von der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts bis 1789." Zeitschrift fÅr Geschichtswissenschaft 22 (1974): 190-207. Holton, R. J. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. London: Macmillan/St.Martin's, 1985. Hoyt, Robert S. Feudal Institutions: Cause or Consequence of Decentralization. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963. IXe Congräs International des Sciences Historiques. I. Rapports. Paris: 1950. Jacoby, David. La FÇodalitÇ en Grece mediÇvale. The Hague: 1971.

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1989. ________. "Recent Writings on Indian Feudalism: A Historiographical Critique." Journal of the Bihar Research Society 65-66 (1979): 341-354. Thorner, Alice. "Semi-Feudalism or Capitalism? Contemporary Debate on Classes and Modes of Production in India." Economic and Political Weekly 17, no. 49-51 (4 December 1918): 1961-68, 1993- 99, 2061-66. Thorner, Daniel. "Feudalism in India." Feudalism in History, 133- 150. Editor Rushton Coulborn. Hamden CT: Archon, 1965. Tod, James. Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, or the Central and Western Rajpout States of India (1829). London: 1957. Yadava, B. N. S. "The Accounts of the Kali Age and the Social Transition from the Antiquity to the Middle Ages." Indian Historical Review 5, no. 1-2 (July 1978): Reprinted in D. N. Jha, editor, Feudal Social Formation (1987). ________. "Immobility and Subjection of Indian Peasantry in Early Medieval Complex." Indian Historical Review 1, no. 1 (1974): 18- 27. ________. Society and Culture in Northern India in the Twelfth Century. Allahabad: 1973.

West Asia Altheim, F., and R. Stiehl. Ein asiatischer Staat. Feudalismus under den Sasaniden und ihren Nachbarn. Wiesbaden: Limes Verl., 1954. Ashtor, Eliyahu. "Iraq under Mongol and Turcoman Feudal Lords." A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages, 249-279. Eliyahu Ashtor. Berkeley: California, 1976. Balkan, Kemal. Studies in Babylonian Feudalism of the Kassite Period. Malibu CA: Undena, 1986. Bausani, Alessandro. The Persians; from the Earliest Days to the Twentieth Century. London: Elek, 1971. Beldiceance, Nicoar†. "Le timar dans l'Çtat ottoman (XIVe - XVe siäcles). Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'occident mÇditerranÇen (Xe - XIIIe siäcles)." Collection de l'Çcole francaise Rome 44 (1980): 743-753. Ben Abdallah, Habib. De l'iqtÖ Çtatique Ö l'iqtÖ militaire. Transformation Çconomique et changements sociaux Ö Baghdad, 247- 447 de l'HÇgire, 861-1055 ap. J. . Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1986.

Brundage, Burr C. "Feudalism in Ancient Mesopotamia and Iran." Feudalism in History, 93-119; bibliography pp.408-409. Editor Rushton Coulborn. Princeton: Princeton, 1956. Cahen, Claude. "L'Çvolution de l'iqta du IXe au XIIIe siäcle." Annales ESC 8 (1953): 25-52. Cornelius, F. Das Hethiterreich als Feudalstaat. Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1972. Delaporte, Louis. Les Hittites. Paris: 1936. D'iakonov, Igor M. "The Commune in the Ancient East as Treated in the Works of Soviet Researchers." Soviet Anthropology and Archaeology 2, no. 1 (1963): 32-46. Islamoglu, Huri, and Caglar Keyder. "The Ottoman Social Formation." The Asiatic Mode of Productoin: Science and Politics, Editors Anne M. Bailey, and Joseph R. Llobera. London, 1981. Katouzian, H. The Political Economy of Modern Iran. New York: New York, 1981. La Monte, J. L. Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem 1100 to 1291. Cambridge MA: 1932. Lambton, Ann K. S. "The Evolution of the Iqta in Medieval Iran." Iran 5 (1967): 41-50. Moghadam, Fatemeh E. "Nomadic Invasions and the Development of Productive Forces: An Historical Study of Iran (1000-1800)." Science and Society 52 (1988): 389-412. Nomani, Farhad. "Notes on the Origins and Development of Extra Economic Obligations of Peasants in Iran, 300-1600 A.D." Iranian Studies 9 (March 1976): ________. The Origin and Development of Feudalism in Iran: 300- 1600 A.D. PhD dissertation: Department of Economics, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1972. Petrushevsky, I. P. Ocherki po istorii feodal'nykh otnosshenii v Azerbaidzhane i Armenii v XVI - nachale XIX vekov. Leningrade: 1949. ________. "The Socio-Economic Condition of Iran under the Il- Khans." Cambridge History of Iran, vol.5, 483-537. Editor John A. Boyle. New York: Cambridge, 1968. Pigulevskaia, N. V., and et al. Istoriia Irana s drevneishikh vremen do konsta XVIII veka. Leningrad: 1958. Pigulevskaya, N. V., A. V. Yakubovsky, L. V. Petrushevski, L. V. Striyeva, and A. M. Belnitski. The History of Iran from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century (in Persian). Tehran:

1967. Richard, Jean. "La fÇodalitÇ de l'Orient latin et de mouvement communal: Un Çtat des questions. Structures fÇodales et fÇodalisme dans l'occident MÇditerranÇan (Xe-XIIIe siäcles)." Collect. Çcole fr. Rome 44 (1980): 651-665. Saleh, Jahangier. Social Formations in Iran, 750-1914. PhD Dissertation: Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1978. Shaugannik, Hassan. "Mode of Production in Medieval Iran." Iranian Studies 18, no. 1 (December 1985): 75-94. Werner, Ernst. Die Guburt einer Grossmacht - Die Osmanen: Ein Beigrag zur Genesis des tÅrkischen Feudalismus. Berlin: Akademische, 1966. Widengren, G. "Recherches sur le fÇodalisme iranien." Orientalia Suecana 5 (1956): 79-182. Wittek, Paul. "La fÇodalitÇ musselmane." SociÇtÇ Jean Bodin, Receuils, I. Les liens de vassalitÇ et les immunitÇs, Bruxelles, 1958".

Africa Adams, William Y. Nubia - Corridor to Africa. Princeton: Princeton, 1977. Beattie, J. H. M. "Bunryoro: An African Feudality." Journal of African History 5 (1964): 25-35. Bernstein, Henry. "Marxism and African History - Endre Sik and his Critics." Kenya Historical Review 5 (1977): 1-21. Berque, Augustine. "Esquisse d'une historire de la seigneurie algÇrienne." Revue de la MÇditerranÇe (1949): BÅttner, Thea. "On the Socio-Economic Structure of Adamawa in the Nineteenth Century: Slavery or Serfdom." êtudes africaines, 43- 61. Editor W. Markov. Leipzig, 1967. ________. "[title unknown, but relates to Afrika und die asiatischer Productionweise]." Jahrbuch fÅr Wirtschaftsgeschichte , no. 4 (1967): 287-312. Chilver, E. M. "'Feudalism' in the Interlacustrine Kingdoms." East African Chiefs A. I. Richards. London, 1960. Cliffe, L. "Capitalism or Feudalism? The Famine in Ethiopia." Review of African Political Economy 1 (1974): 34-40. Cohen, R. "The Dynamics of Feudalism in Bornu." African History,

Editor Butler. Boston, 1966. Crummey, Donald. "Abyssinian Feudalism." Past and Present , no. 89 (1980): 115-. ________. "[review article]." International Journal of African Historical Studies 8 (1975): ________. "State and Society: 19th-Century Ethiopia." Modes of Production in Africa: The Precolonial Era, 227-249. Editors Donald Crummey, and C. C. Stewart. Beverly Hills CA: Sage, 1981. Crummey, Donald and C. C. Stewart. Editors. Modes of Production in Africa: The Precolonial Era. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1981. Edgerton, William F. "The Question of Feudal Institutions in Ancient Egypt." Feudalism in History, 120-132. Editor Rushton Coulborn. Princeton NJ: Princeton, 1956. Fallers, L. A. "Are African Cultivators to be Called Peasants?" Current Anthropology 2 (1961): 108-110. Gallissot, RenÇ. "L'AlgÇrie prÇcoloniale." Sur le fÇodalisme, 147-179. Editor Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Marxistes. Paris: Editions Sociales, 1974. Gebre-Wold, Ingida Worz. "Ethiopia's Traditional System of Land Tenure and Taxation." Ethiopia Observer 5, no. 4 (1962): 302-339. Gellner, Ernest. "Class before the State: The Soviet Treatment of African Feudalism." Archives europÇennes de sociologie 28 (1977): 299-322. Gilkes, Patrick. The Dying Lion: Feudalism and Modernization in Ethiopia. New York: St. Martin's, 1975. Goody, Jack. "Economy and Feudalism in Africa." The Economic History Review 22 (1969): 393-405. ________. "Feudalism in Africa?" Journal of African History 4 (1963): 1-18. Jaffe, Hosea. A History of Africa. London: ZED/Humanities, 1985. Kees, Hermann. "BeitrÑge zur altÑgyptischen Provinzialverwaltung und der Geschichte des Feudalismus." Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Gîttingen (1932): 85-119 and 579-598. Law, Robin C. C. "Horses, Firearms, and Political Power in Pre- Colonial West Africa." Past and Present 72 (1976): 112-132. ________. "In Search of a Marxist Perspective on Pre-Colonial Tropical Africa." Journal of African History 19 (1978): 441-452. Loeb, E. M. In Feudal Africa. Bloomington IL: Southern Illinois, 1962.

Lombard, J. "La vie politique dans une ancienne sociÇtÇ de type fÇodal: les Bariba du Dahomey." Cahiers d'êtudes Africaines 1 (1960): 5-45. ________. Structures de type 'fÇodal' en Afrique noire. Paris: 1965. ________. "Un systäme politique traditionnel de type fÇodal: les Bariba du Nord-Dahomey. Aperáu sur l'organisation et le pouvoir central." Bulletin d'information de de liaison des Instituts d'Ethnosociologie et de GÇographie Tropicale (Abidjan) 19 (1957): 464-506. Mair, Lucy. "Clientship in East Africa." Cahiers d'Çtudes africaines 2 (1961): 315-325. Maquet, Jacques J. "Une hypothäse pour l'Çtude des fÇodalitÇs africaines." Cahiers d'Çtudes africaines 2 (1961): 292-314. McCaskie, T. C. "R. S. Rattray and the Construction of Asante History: An Appraisal." History in Africa 10 (1983): 187-206. Nadel, S. F. A Black Byzantium: The Kingdom of Nupe in Nigeria. London: Institute of African Languages and Culture/Oxford , 1942. Pankhurst, Richard K. P. An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia from Early Times to 1800. Addis Ababa/New York: Lalibela House, 1961. Pirenne, Jacques. "La fÇodalitÇ en Egypte ." Revue de l'institut de sociologie 15 (1936): 15-36. Potekhin, I. I. Formirovanie Natsionalnoi Obschnosti Yuzhnoi Afrikanskich Bantu. Moscow: 1955. ________. "Land Relations in African Countries." Peoples of Asia and Africa, Moscow, 1962. ________. "On Feudalism of the Ashanti." 25th International Congress of Orientalists, Moscow, 1960, Smith, Adbullahi. "The Early States of the Central Sudan." History of West Africa, vol. I, 158-201. Editors J. F. A. Ajaui, and M. Browder. New York: Columbia, 1971. Steinhart, Edward I. "Vassal and Fief in Three Lacustrine Kingdoms." Cahiers d'Çtudes africaines 7 (1967): 606-623. Stoeber, H. "Der europaãsche Sklavenhandel und die feudale Produktionsweise an der westafrikanischen SklavenkÅste." Ethnographisch- ArchÑologische Zeitschrift (Berlin) 10 (1969): 487-500.

Americas Adams, Richard E. W., and W. D. Smith. "Feudal Models for Classic Maya Civilization." Lowland Maya Settlement Patterns, 235-349. Editor Wendy Ashmore. Albuquerque NM: New Mexico, 1981. Gibson, E. C. "Inferred Sociopolitical Structure." A Consideration of the Early Classic Period in the Maya Lowlands, 161-174. Editors Gordon Willey, and P. Matthews. Albany NY: SUNY, 1985.

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