FICHTNER Wind Presentation

Wind Power Projects

mer Emre [email protected]

Agenda

FICHTNERs Presentation Introduction and History of Wind Wind Market in Turkey and in Europe Introduction to Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines Wind Measurements Wind Measurements Wind Resource Assessment Components of a Wind Turbine Installation and Operation of WPPs Environmental Aspects of WPPs Financial Aspects of WPPs Selected References

FICHTNER Independent Engineering and Consulting

Germanys biggest independent engineering and consultancy company

Founded in 1922 and 100% family owned since then

Staff strength:Home office (Stuttgart) ca. 450Total ca. 1,800

Turn-over 2010: Home office: 133 million EURTotal: 201 million EUR

On a global level FICHTNER takes part in approximately 1,200 projects On a global level FICHTNER takes part in approximately 1,200 projects with an overall investment volume of around 60 billion EUR.FICHTNER is represented in more than 50 countries worldwide.

FICHTNER Turkey FICHTNER group has been working on various

projects in Turkey for more than 40 years. FICHTNER Turkey was established as a branch

of FICHTNER in Istanbul in July 2008. Completed numerous projects

mainly in the private sector Brought together experienced international

experts with local engineers/consultants toexperts with local engineers/consultants towork on the most important projects of Turkey

Vision of FICHTNER Turkey: Becoming indispensable in energy sector by providing optimum solutions

through turnkey services to its customers Provide state-of-the art engineering and technical services to meet our

costomers needs in growing energy market Permanent educational training of our personnel to keep our leading position

on an international level

FICHTNER Turkeys Strength

2 fully operating offices (one in Istanbul, the other in Ankara) with about 30 permanent staff members.

Combines Turkish expertise on local, regional and economical and political aspects with German know-how by working with a mixed permanent team in Turkey.

Internationally recognized in its activities, specifically on: Due diligence reports and lenders engineering services Studies from first site review up to detailed design Site supervision Assessment of operational processes

Up-to-date with all national and international performance standards (i.e. IFC, Equator Principles, etc.)

Excellent reputation among international finance institutions and banks (The World Bank, IFC, KfW, EIB, EBRD, TSKB) as well as commercial banks ( Bankas, Garanti Bankas, DenizBank, LBBW, ABN, AMRO, Deutsche Bank ...)

Ability to use all the know-how gained internationally in the worldwide FICHTNER Group for any specific project

Our Clients

Private investorsPrivate investors

Development banksDevelopment banks

Energy utilitiesEnergy utilitiesCommercial banksCommercial banks

AssociationsAssociations

Development banksDevelopment banks

Government institutionsGovernment institutions

Municipal utilitiesMunicipal utilities

IndustryIndustry

FICHTNERs Services

Hydropower

Wind Power

Solar Power: PV & CSP

Environmental Management

Climate ProtectionCO2

CH4

N2O

SF6

PFC

HFC

Biomass

Desalination

Privatization

Energy Efficiency

Geothermal Power

Thermal Power

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Information Technologies

Desalination

Waste Management

Management Consulting

Water and Infrastructure

Introduction and History of Wind

1890-Denmark, Paul la Cour was first to discover the fast rotating turbines with fewer blades were more efficient in electricity generation 1927-US, Jacobs brother started producing wind turbine generators 1920s, first vertical axis wind turbine, Darrieus turbine was invented by George Darrieus 1980-US, first wind farm in the worldconsisting of 20 turbines


Another vertical axis turbine is Savonius Less efficient but economic and compact Low noise


One, two and three bladed concepts for horizontal axis Three bladed is known as Danish concept

Wind Market in Turkey and in the WorldBiggest players in the World Wind Market by 2010

Wind Market in Turkey and in the WorldBiggest players in the World Wind Market by 2010

Country Capacity (MW)China 41800USA 40200Germany 27214Spain 20676Spain 20676India 13065Italy 5797France 5660UK 5204Canada 4008Denmark 3752Turkey 1329

Wind Market in Turkey and in the World

Installed capacity (MW) in terms of energy source (end of 2010)

Natural Gas 33-34 %Coal 23-24 %Hydro 32 %Wind 3 %


Electricity Production (GWh) in terms of energy source (end of 2010)

Doal Gaz45,9%

Kmr 17,94%

Source (GWh)Natural Gas 96470Coal 37700Hydro 51500

Hidro24,5%

Ithal Kmr6,89%

Sv Akaryakt2,43%

Rzgar-Jeotermal-Atk-Dier RES

1,84%

Dierleri0,5%

Import Coal 14490Liquid gas 5100WindGeothermalBiogas 3870Other 1040Total 210180


Source PotentialUnder

ConstructionIn Operation

Hydro 35.000 MW 8.265MW 15.729 MW

Renewable Energy Potential inTurkey

Wind 48.000 MW 636 MW 1.246 MW

Solar 380 bi kWh/a - -

Geothermal 600 MW 20 MW 77 MW

Biomass 200 MW 15 MW 81.2 MW


Wind Power inTurkey


Wind Power inTurkey

Year Capacity (MW)2001 192002 192003 212004 212004 212005 202006 652007 2072008 3332009 8012010 1329


Wind Power inTurkey

According to Elektrik Enerjisi Piyasas ve Arz Gvenlii Strateji Belgesi datedto 18.05.2009:

Minimum 30% from renewable energy sources 20000 MW of wind


Top 10 Manufacturers in the World by 2011 Vestas

GE Sinovel Enercon Enercon

Goldwind Gamesa Dongfang Suzlon Siemens RE Power

Introduction to Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

Kinetic energy in the wind is defined by:

wherewhere

E= energy in wind in joulesm= mass of air passing through the swept area in kgv= velocity of air in m/s

Introduction to Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines

Capacity Factor

Is the ratio of the actual output of a power plant over a period of time and its potential output if it had operated at full capacity the entire time

Around 30-40 % for the wind power plants in Turkey

Wind Measurements

Meteorological Mast consists of: Anemometers

Wind vanes Temperature sensor Barometric sensor Barometric sensor

Data logger

Wind Measurements

anemometers

wind vanes

data loggertemperaturehumiditysensor

Wind Measurements-Anemometers

Cup Anemometers

Wind Measurements-Wind Vanes

Wind Measurements-Data Logger

Wind Resource Assessment

Wind is generated by the uneven heating of the earth surface Larger amount of solar radiation is absorbed compared to the poles Hot air rises at the tropics and flow towards the poles The Coriolis force causes the flow of hot air in the upper atmosphere to turn rightatmosphere to turn right

Wind Resource Assessment - Statistics

k: shape parameterA: scale parameter


Preliminary assessmentalternative sites are evaluated based on wind resource maps

Onsite wind measurement for at least one year

Spatial and temporal extrapolation

Annual Energty Production (AEP) including uncertainties and losses

Output of the AEP calculation goes into the financial model


Wind Atlas Methodology


Source of wind data: On site measurements Weather stations

Numerical weather models NCEP and NCAR NCEP and NCAR NARR

ECMWF


Resource Estimation Models:Microscale models

WasP

WindPro WindFarmer WindFarmer


Resource Estimation Models:Microscale models

Scale of applicability is in the order of 100 km Regional wind climate is generated from the on site measurementsmeasurements

Inputs:ObstaclesRoughnessOrography

Wind resource and wind resource map


Wind Rose


Wind Profile


Weibull Distribution and Power Curve


Wind Resource Map


Wind Turbines Micrositing


Uncertainty Calculation

Uncertainty Conditions

Uncertainty of energy yield (%) Comment

Uncertainty of wind measurement equipments and meteorological data

Data losses and failures 9

Long Term Correlation 9

Uncertainty of wind measurement equipment, meteorological data and correlation model and long term correlation.

Long Term Correlation 9

Anemometer Calibration 3

Mast Influence 3

Uncertainty of meteorological data implementation to wind park location

Air Flow Model 5

Uncertainty of description of complex terrain, air flow model and wake effect.

Terrain Description 6

Park Efficiency Model 4

Uncertainty of wind turbine characteristics

WEC Power Curve 5 Uncertainty of WEC characteristic.

Total Uncertainty: 16.79


Loss EstimationLoss mechanism approx. Comment

Grid loss 2.0% Assumption

Availability of the Wind Turbines 3.0% Assumption

Maintenance 1.0% Assumption

Grid availability 0.4% Assumption

Cut-out wind speed 0.0%Included in calculation

Icing / rotor blade degradation 0.6% Data

Total 7.0%


P50-P75-P90 values are computed Economical basis of the project Uncertainty calculation is very important Uncertainty calculation is very important 12-20 % uncertainty in energy yield

Components of a Wind Turbine

Rotor and HubNacelle

Tower and Foundations

Components of a Wind Turbine

Rotor

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants

Access roads and internal roads Foundation and base ring Tower in three or four pieces Nacelle

Hub Hub Rotor

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Delivery to the Port

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Unloading

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Access Roads

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Transportation

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Foundation

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Tower

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Nacelle

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Rotor Assembly

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Wind Farm

Installation and Operation of Wind Power Plants Switchyard

Environmental and Social Aspects of Wind Power

Noise impacts Impacts on bird species Aesthetical impacts Possible stakeholder displeasure Electromagnetic interference problems Electromagnetic interference problems Health and safety considerations Possible interaction with a sensitive site

Environmental Services for Wind Power Projects Environmental and Social Due Dilligence (DD) Studies Environmental Monitoring & Audits (during pre-construction, construction and operation) Environmental Risk, Sustainability and Vulnerability Analyses International Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Studies International Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Studies Public Consultation Activities Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) Environmental and Social Management Monitoring Plans (ESMP) Health & Safety Management

Environmental Services for Wind Power Projects

Equator Principles are linked with IFC Performance Standards

Most international financial institutions have adopted the Equator Principles

Situation with Turkish Banks either the bank has high environmental standards (consideration of either the bank has high environmental standards (consideration of

National+International Standards) or there is an international financing institution involved in the financing which

makes consideration of international standards necessary

FICHTNER has wide experience in all national and international standards like Equator Principles, IFC Performance Standards, EBRD Standards and EIB Procedures.

VER Project Development & CO2 Trading

CO2 Trading

is an additional cashflow,

increases the financial feasibility of the project,

increases the credibility of the project (good indicator for the technical, environmental and social aspects of the project)

helps to solve the problems during project financing

VER Project Development & CO2 TradingFICHTNER

has experience all over the world in development of projects under various VER standards like Gold Standard, VCS, VER+, Social Carbon..

does turnkey project development from development of the project does turnkey project development from development of the project documentation till selling of VER credits

gives assistance during VER trading, finding possible buyers

Fichtners Experience in CO2 Trading Services

Kazakhstan

Mexico

Mongolia

China

VietnamThailandLaos

IndiaPakistan

Iran

RussiaPoland

Turkey

BelarusUkraine

UAE

Kazakhstan

Saudi Arabia

Egypt

SlovakiaRomaniaBulgariaMoldovaSloveniaCroatiaBosnia-HerzegovinaAlbaniaMacedoniaCzech RepublicKosovo

Nicaragua

Brazil

Uruguay

ParaguayBolivia

Peru

Ecuador

South Africa

Botswana

DR Kongo

Indonesia

MalaysiaVietnamThailand

Mozambique

GeorgiaArmeniaAzerbaijan

UgandaZambia

Australia

Kenya

Legend:Fichtner CDM / JI / VER Projects Fichtner Branches / Project Offices

Liberia

KosovoGreece

For more information : www.co2-info.comwww.fichtner.com.trwww.fichtner.de

Financial Aspects of Wind Power Plants - CAPEXCapital Costs % of TIC $ per kW

Equipment Costs

Nacelle 44.76 895

Blades 10.48 210

Towers 11.60 232

Transportation 8.01 160

Equipment Total 74.85 $1497

Balance of Plant

Materials

Construction 10.82 216

Transformer 1.22 24

Electrical 1.29 26

Total project cost:

1.4 million Euro per MWfor USA and Europe around 1 million Euro per Electrical 1.29 26

HV line extension 2.36 47

Materials Subtotal 15.68 $314

Labor

Foundation 0.62 12

Erection 0.70 14

Electrical 1.02 20

Management/Supervision 0.53 11

Misc. 3.80 76

Labor Subtotal 6.67 $133

Development/Other Costs

HV Internconnection 0.97 20

Engineering 1.01 5

Legal Services 0.55 20

Site certificate 0.26 11

Development/Other Subtotal 2.79 56

Balance of Plant Total 25.15 $503

Total 100.00 $2000

around 1 million Euro per MW for Turkey

Financial Aspects of Wind Power Plants - OPEX

Operations and Maintenance Costs % of TIC $ per kW

Labor/Personnel

Field salaries 14.30 2.86

Administrative 2.30 0.46

Management 5.70 1.14

Labor/Personnel Subtotal 22.30 $4.47

Materials and ServicesMaterials and Services

Vehicles 2.20 0.44

Site maintenance 0.90 0.17

Fees, etc. 0.40 0.09

Utilities 1.70 0.35

Insurance 16.60 3.33

Fuel 0.90 0.17

Consumables 5.60 1.13

Spare parts 49.30 9.86

Materials/Services Subtotal 77.70 15.53

Total 100.00 $20


Risks:

Correct energy yield calculationUncertainty calculationAccurate modelingAccurate modelingWind data assessment

Selection of the correct wind turbine Micrositing Operation and Maintenance Agreements

Lenders Engineering for 24 MW & 120 MW Wind FarmLenders Engineering Services for the 24 MW Kemerburgaz and 120 MW Karaburun Wind Parks, Turkey

For an international investor group interested in financing the existing Kemerburgaz and projected Karaburun wind parks, FICHTNER performs the following LE services:

Contractors' design and contracts review for all project components:- Wind energy converters

Ankara

Istanbul

Ankara

Istanbul24 MWKemerburgaz Wind Farm

- Wind energy converters- Access roads and crane platforms- Internal cabling- Grid connection

Verification and calculation of energy losses for wind farm and grid connection

Control and comment on provided time schedules and integration

Determination of project risks and classification

Construction supervision for Karaburun Wind Park on behalf of Lenders

Client: Confidential

Project data: 120 MW - 60 x 2 MW WECs

Period: 11.2008 - ongoing

120 MWKaraburun Wind Farm

7353P01

Lenders Engineering for 24 MW Wind FarmWind and energy yield assessment report for 24 MW Turguttepe Wind Farm, Western Anatolia region, Turkey

FICHTNER prepared a wind and energy yield assessment study for a lender. The scope of works included: Site visit and inspection of wind

meteorological mast and instrumentation according to MEASNET/IEC Standards

Roughness, obstacle and orography Roughness, obstacle and orography definition and verification of project area and surroundings

Completeness and integrity of data collection, validation and verification with long term correlation using MCP methods

Classification of wind park according to IEC standards

Assessment of energy yield for whole wind park and each WEC locations including pre-micrositing study

Wind Farm Performance: Uncertainty and loss calculation, efficiency and capacity factors, probability of exceedance analysis


Project Data: 24 MW 4constellations

Period: 12.2009 - 01.2010

7446P01

Lenders Engineering for 34 MW Wind FarmDue Diligence services for 34 MW Wind Farm, Marmara Region, North Western Anatolia, Turkey

FICHTNER prepared Due Diligence study on a wind farm for a group of lenders. The study was prepared for a 34 MW wind farm located in Marmara Region of Turkey. The scope of works include: Assessment of energy output per single

gauging position, and execution of pre-gauging position, and execution of pre-micrositing procedures

Wind farm performance, efficiency factors, and capacity factors for several WEC positions according to the given specifications

Environmental and permitting review Financial model review Technology and contracts (WECs and BoP)

review


Project Data: 34 MW - 2 constellations


7477P02

Lenders Engineering Services for 4 HEPPsLenders Engineering Services for 4 HEPP projects, Turkey

All four HEPPs are located in the Black Sea Region of Northern Turkey with an installed capacity of 68 MW and 232 GWh/a. The works include technical review of 4 HEPP projects which were already under construction:

Technical review of the construction planning Technical review of the construction planning including hydrology, topography, geology and geotechnics, environmental and social aspects, E&M equipment, energy, contracts and licenses as well as expenses

Quarterly construction follow up reports Client: Isbank & TSKB, Istanbul, Turkey

Project data: 68 MW

Period: 10.2009 - 09.2010

7425P01

Lenders Engineering Services for 10 HEPPsLenders Engineering Services for 10 HEPP projects with 144 MW total capacity to be installed, Turkey

The general scope of work can be outlined as follows:

The compliance of the tender process with investors procurement, policies and rules

The compliance with the project implementation plan prepared by investorimplementation plan prepared by investor

Site visits and reviews of all documents A structured and comprehensive approach to

risk management Site geology, hydrology and design review Review of environmental impact assessment Review of EPC contract Recommended amount of contingent support Power purchase agreement, grid connection Operation and maintenance cost Review of input data for financial model Approvals and permits Project implementation Consistency of project documents Reports and process

Client: LBBW Stuttgart,Germany;Nisan Elektromekanik Enerji, Ankara, Turkey

Project Data: 144 MW

Period: 03.2008 - 04.2009

7286P01

Arkun Dam and HEPP ProjectTechnical and Environmental Advisory Servicesfor Arkun Dam and HEPP Project, Turkey

FICHTNER provides Lenders Engineering services in prior & post financial close phases. Services provided in prior financial close are:

Identifyication of project risks Review of hydrology/geology, sedimentation, E&M

equipment, hydraulic structures, dam design and layout, reservoir operation scheme, annual energy layout, reservoir operation scheme, annual energy generation, CAPEX & OPEX, project schedule, project agreements and permits, grid connection, financial aspects,

Review of environmental and social documentation in terms of compliance with GIIP, Equator Principles and IFC Performance Standards.Services provided in post financial close are:

Review of construction process, Technical input for waiver and amendment

requests, Assessment of the status and compliance with

the environmental, social, health and safety requirements

Client: EnerjiSA & Yapkredi

Project data: 236 MW


7533A01

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Financing FacilityAssist EIB with the implementation of Energy Energy Efficiency Financing Facility 2007.

The technical assistance to be provided under this framework agreement covers the following three areas:

Assisting the Finance Institution in screening financial proposals (sub-projects) for eligibility and prepare sub-project applications that and prepare sub-project applications that describe the projects feasibility, confirm its eligibility and in general justify the use of funding under the EEFF 2007.

Prepare an energy audit or a feasibility study/investment proposal upon request of the financial intermediary or the EIB.

After the implementation of each sub-project, verify the results against the sub-project applications.

Client: EIB

Project Data: Framework agreement amount ; 2 Million EUR


6739A02

Kuadas Regional Solid Waste ManagementTechnical Assistance and Supervision Services for the Kuadas Regional Solid Waste Management Project, Turkey

Technical assistance to Solid Waste Management Project for the Ku-Atak Municipal Union project includes the supervision of the construction of a new sanitary landfill, a pilot composting plant, recycling plants in each municipalities, collection systems for recyclables and MSW collection equipment and the rehabilitation and MSW collection equipment and the rehabilitation of existing dumpsites.

The service contract has four main components:

Project Implementation and Construction Supervision

Technical Assistance regarding Closure and Rehabilitation of the Existing and Old Dumpsites

Capacity Building Program to the Ku-Atak Municipal Union

Assistance in Tendering Service Contracts to the Ku-Atak Municipal Union and technical support to the PIU and the CFCU

Client: CFCU (Central Finance andContract Unit), Ku-Atak Union, MoEF, ECD Turkey, Bank of Provinces

Project Data: 1.5 million m3 cap., 36 ha

Period: 2006 - 2009

7213A01

Water Supply and Wastewater ManagementPriority Projects on Water and Wastewater Management, Northern Cyprus

The EU has been funding several municipal water and sanitation projects in Northern Cyprus. The project tasks consisted of updating master plans as well as preparing designs and tender documents (FIDIC Red &Yellow Book and EC PRAG Rules) for a number of investments in the water supply and wastewater sector.

These investments covered 5 wastewater These investments covered 5 wastewater treatment plants and one desalination plant. Moreover, potable water network replacement and sewerage extension projects were required as a complementary part of above mentioned investments.

The scope of services provided by FICHTNER include:

Topographic survey and subsoil investigations Geotechnical calculations Hydrographic/oceanographic studies and hydraulic

analyses Environmental Impact Assessment Site selection and detailed engineering design Tender document preparation and tendering Training

Client: The European Commission Financial Unit, Brussels, Belgium

Project Data: Sewerage network area of 1,450 ha 5 WWTPs with capacity of 3,000 -45,000 m3/day

Desalination plant with capacity of 25,000 m3/day

Period: 03.2008 - 12.20096910F01

Due DiligenceIskenderun 2 x 605 MW Coal-Fired Power Plant, Turkey

Appraisal of contracts: FSTA, PPA, EPC, O&M, coal haulage agreements

Expert review of environmental impact assessment

Appraisal of technical concept

Review of permit documents, time schedules and principal suppliers

Evaluation of input figures for financial modelClient: kfW, West LB, Dresdner

Kleinwort Benson

Project Data: 2 x 605 MW


Technical & Environmental Due Diligence Due Diligence Services of technical and environmental aspects for a Natural Gas Distribution Company (BASKENTGAZ), Turkey

For ABN Amro Bank FICHTNER carried out a technical and environmental due diligence of BASKENTGAZ gas distribution company. Based on existing due diligence reports and business plans, FICHTNER assessed the key business drivers such as

Gas demand projections, Tariffs, Expansion program (CAPEX) And operational issues (OPEX).

In addition, FICHTNER analyzed the EHS issues of the companies and prepared a comprehensive due diligence report.

Client: ABN Amro Bank

Period: 03.2008 - 06.2008

Technical & Environmental Due Diligence Due Diligence Services of technical and environmental aspects for a Natural Gas Distribution Company (IZGAZ), Turkey

For EBRD and iFC FICHTNER carried out a technical and environmental due diligence of IZGAZ gas distribution company. Based on existing due diligence reports and business plans, FICHTNER assessed the key business drivers such as

Gas demand projections, Tariffs, Expansion program (CAPEX) And operational issues (OPEX).

In addition, FICHTNER analyzed the EHS issues of the companies and prepared a comprehensive due diligence report.

Client: EBRD and IFC

Period: 01.2009 - 03.2009

200 MW Denizli CCGT Power PlantLenders Engineering Services for 200MW Natural Gas CCPP, Turkey

This assignment covers following tasks:

Assessment of the existing Feasibility Study, review of construction related contracts and documents, technical aspects and implications of the contracts

Review of the program for long term Review of the program for long term operation and maintenance agreement of the plant

Evaluation of project execution risks Assessment of commercial, environmental

and technical risks

Monitoring the progress during implementation

Client: Turkish Bank, Turkey

Project data: 200 MWe CCGT PowerPlant

Period: 01.2011 - 2012

900 MW Gebze CCGT Power PlantLenders Engineering Services for 900MW Natural Gas CCPP, Turkey

The study covers the following tasks:

Review of the feasibility study, evaluation of construction related contracts and documents, technical aspects and implications of the contract to the projectimplications of the contract to the project

Review of the program for long term operation and maintenance agreement of the plant

Assessment and evaluation input figures for financial modelling

Assessment of commercial, environmental and technical risks

Monitor project implementation Monitor the operation phase and

maintenance up to end of the warranty period

Client: Turkish Bank

Consortium

Project data: 900 MWe CCGT PowerPlant

Period: 12.2010 - 2014

7425A01

Thank you for your attention !

Fichtner GmbH & Co. KGFichtner GmbH & Co. KGMerkezi Almanya Trkiye Istanbul Subesi

Bdkdere Cad. Polat Han No. 87/534387 Mecidiyeky Istanbul /Turkey

Phone: +90 (212) 217 17 76E-Mail: [email protected]

Homepage: www.fichtner.com.tr

Documents

FICHTNER Wind Presentation