Field Manual for Forest Inventory

FIELD MANUAL FOR FOREST INVENTORY

ANDHRA PRADESH FOREST DEPARTMENT.

FOREST COVER OF ANDHRA PRADESH

BAY OF B

ENGAL

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Open

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Published by: Andhra Pradesh Forest DepartmentContact Address:

Addl. Prl. Chief Conservator of Forests (IT),Geomatics Center, A.P. Forest Academy, Dulapally, Hyderabad

040-2465 0034, 2465 0104 e-mail: [email protected] Web-site: http://forest.ap.nic.in

FIELD MANUAL

FOR

FOREST INVENTORY

ANDHRA PRADESH FOREST DEPARTMENT HYDERABAD

MESSAGE

It gives me great pleasure to learn that the Andhra Pradesh Forest

Department is going to conduct inventory of the Forest resources all over

the state of Andhra Pradesh. Forests are gaining importance, both from

environmental point of view as well as sources of livelihood for the forest

dependent communities. In this context a complete assessment of forest

resources is the need of the hour.

Andhra Pradesh Forest Department is releasing the

“AP Forest Inventory Manual” for the guidance of the field Forest Officers

on the eve of commencement of the Inventory.

I wish the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department all success in this

endeavour.

(SATRUCHARLA VIJAYARAMA RAJU)

Place: Hyderabad

Date: 23.10.2006

SATRUCHARLA VIJAYA RAMA RAJU

MINISTER FOR FORESTS, ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY &

MINOR IRRIGATION

PREFACE

Information on growing stock & its growth is

necessary for efficient planning and

management of the Forests. The Forest

Inventory provides this important input.

Inventory includes mapping, sampling and

analysis. The present inventory will make use of a combination

of Geomatics and field inventory data for assessment of

growing stock and condition of the forests.

For the first time in the Country, mapping of the entire

vegetation including herbs, shrubs and climbers along with

Trees, has been brought in the ambit of this Inventory. This will

also include inventory of the Non-Timber Forest Produce trees &

medicinal plants. All this will help us ultimately to prepare the

livelihood plans for the local communities in a more effective

manner through sustainable management of the forests.

(S. K. Das)

S.K. Das, IFS PRL. CHIEF CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS Andhra Pradesh

HYDERABAD

Place: Hyderabad Date: 23.10.2006

ACKNOWLEDEMENTS To begin with I would like to express my deepest regards and gratitude for Sri S.

K. Das, Prl. Chief Conservator of Forests, who has been the source of inspiration, mentor and guide for us during the entire exercise.

I would like to sincerely thank Dr. D. Pandey, Director General, Forest Survey of India for his guidance from the initial stage of planning till the final stage of Inventory design and for providing the Data Processing Software, which has formed the basis for the design of our own Data entry and processing modules.

My sincere regards and thanks is due to Dr. P. S. Roy, Deputy Director, NRSA for providing us with valuable advice and with the Forest Type Map and associated field data for Andhra Pradesh, which has formed the foundation for this Inventory design.

I would express my gratitude towards Dr. K. D. Singh, ex-Director, FAO, Rome for guiding us all through the design process. His clarity of thought and expression, and his penchant for perfection is admirable. We wish that he continues to render his valuable advice all through the Inventory.

I would like to thank the World Bank for giving top priority to forest resource assessment in Andhra Pradesh and making budget provision for Forest Inventory, without which this exercise would not have been initiated.

My special thanks and regards are due to Sri B.S.S. Reddy, APCCF (CFM) and Sri R.G. Kalaghatghi, CCF (CFM) for always supporting us all though the process.

My thanks are also due to Sri Sunil Kumar, APCCF (Vig.) and Sri B. Muralikrishna, CCF (T&E) who were the moving force in the initial phase of planning and design of the exercise and to Sri P. K. Sharma, APCCF (IT) for instilling confidence in us and adopting a mission approach to the entire process. I also thank all the field officers and staff for providing valuable feedback for improving this Inventory.

I sincerely thank Dr. M. Bhanja, CF (R&D) for providing an exhaustive list of species for Andhra Pradesh and helping us in Inventory design. I also thank Sri P.M. Rao and Dr. C. Suvarna for providing all the logistic support.

I wish to thank Sri A. K. Naik, Sri P. Uday Sanker, Sri P. Reddy for giving top priority to this work. My deep regards and thanks are due to the golden quartet of Sri P. Srinivasa Rao, Sri S. Madhav Rao, Sri V. Anjaneyulu and Sri A. Ramamurthy who have worked tirelessly from Day one and who, along with their Project Scientists are the backbone of this entire exercise.

Place: Hyderabad (Anoop Singh) Date: 23.10.2006

Table of Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 2 Objectives of the Field Inventory................................................................................ 1 3 Sampling strategy........................................................................................................ 1 4 Fieldwork .................................................................................................................... 2

4.1 Field crew and its duties...................................................................................... 2 4.2 Field Equipments................................................................................................. 2 4.3 Maps for fieldwork.............................................................................................. 3 4.4 Organizing fieldwork .......................................................................................... 3 4.5 Navigating to the plot .......................................................................................... 3

4.5.1 Required SETUP of GPS ............................................................................ 3 4.5.2 To store a position of the waypoint............................................................. 4 4.5.3 To create a way point .................................................................................. 4 4.5.4 To Navigate ................................................................................................. 4

4.6 Layout of the main plot in the field..................................................................... 4 4.6.1 Layout of the plot for shrubs and regeneration ........................................... 5 4.6.2 Layout of the plot for herbs......................................................................... 5 4.6.3 Collection of Soil Data................................................................................ 6

4.7 Data Collection.................................................................................................... 6 4.8 Data collection and recording ............................................................................. 7

4.8.1 Plot Approach Form (Field Form No.1)...................................................... 7 4.8.2 Plot Description Form (Field Form No. 1).................................................. 8 4.8.3 Tree Enumeration Form (Field Form no. 2).............................................. 15 4.8.4 Herbs Form (Field Form No. 3) ................................................................ 17 4.8.5 Shrubs & Regeneration Form (Field Form No. 4) .................................... 17 4.8.6 Climber Form (Field Form No. 5)............................................................. 18 4.8.7 Bamboo Enumeration Form (Field Form No. 6)....................................... 19 4.8.8 Vertical photography................................................................................. 20

5 Appendices ................................................................................................................ 21 5.1 Appendix 1: Global Positioning System ........................................................... 21

5.1.1 Procedure for use of Garmin 12 Handheld GPS. ...................................... 21 5.1.2 First Screen................................................................................................ 22 5.1.3 Second Screen ........................................................................................... 22 5.1.4 Third Screen .............................................................................................. 22 5.1.5 Fourth Screen ............................................................................................ 22 5.1.6 Fifth Screen ............................................................................................... 22 5.1.7 To Change the position format and datum:............................................... 23

5.2 Appendix 2: Measurement of Tree Diameter.................................................... 24 5.3 Appendix 3: Measurement of Tree Height........................................................ 26 5.4 Appendix 4: Measurement of Basal Area using wedge prism.......................... 28 5.5 Appendix 5: Species Names and Codes for Trees ............................................ 30 5.6 Appendix 6: Species Names for Herbs ............................................................. 36 5.7 Appendix 7: Species Names for Shrubs............................................................ 42 5.8 Appendix 8: Species Names for Climbers ........................................................ 46

6 Field Forms ............................................................................................................... 49

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1 Introduction

Forest is a renewable resource and needs to be managed on a scientific basis to provide goods and services to the people. The need for this is greater in our country and the state because of the growing population and limited resources. Information on growth rate and drain are necessary for efficient planning and management information about the quantity and quality of the forests, and this is provided by inventories.

Forest inventory has been defined by B. Husch as an attempt to describe the quantity and quality of forest trees and many of the characteristics of the land area upon which the trees are growing (FAO Forestry and Forest Products Studies No. 17). A complete forest inventory should include a description of the forested area, its ownership, estimates of volumes of the standing trees, and estimates of growth and drain.

The objectives of the inventory are to get information about the vegetation in the forest area. Inventory includes mapping, sampling and analysis. The present inventory will make use of a combination of Geomatics and field inventory data for assessment of growing stock and forest condition.

This manual is intended for the crews, inventory officer and data processing staff. It gives the procedure to execute the ground sampling work, right from planning to dispatch of completed data.

2 Objectives of the Field Inventory

The main objectives of the field inventory are as follows

• To collect qualitative and quantitative information, about the forest resources • To prepare reports on potentiality and other forest based investigations • To serve the data needs of development planning at state and district level. • Estimate growing stock and its species-wise distribution • To know the spatial distribution of NTFP and medicinal plants

3 Sampling strategy

Stratified random sampling technique is being used for locating sampling points for data collection. At the first stage, entire forest area is divided into seven ecological zones basing on the species composition. Subsequently in each ecological zone, stratification is carried out basing on forest type and canopy density. Existing field inventory data is overlaid on these strata to determine the points required to be inventoried to achieve a desirable precision of 80%. These points are then laid randomly on these strata and maps generated for field use.

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4 Fieldwork

Each crew should complete inventory of two plots of 0.1 ha on an average in every working day. Presuming the availability of 25 working days in a month the output should be about 50 plots per crew per month.

4.1 Field crew and its duties The field inventory will be carried out by special crews constituted for the purpose and suitably trained. The inventory work will be under the control of the inventory officer of the Circle/Division. The crew strength will be as follows:

Team member Number Duties

Crew leader

(Forest Section Officer trained in Forest Inventory)

1 Planning fieldwork in advance. Navigating to the plot and plot layout.

Filling plot approach and description form, herbs, shrubs, climbers and regeneration form.

Assigning duties to crew members.

Asst. Crew leaders 2 Navigating to the plot and plot layout.

Filling tree enumeration form and bamboo form

Local forest staff 1 Navigating to the plot and plot layout.

Arranging helpers and assisting in fieldwork.

Field Assistants 4 Assisting in fieldwork.

4.2 Field Equipments The following equipment will be carried by each field party.

Equipment No. Use GPS 1 For navigating to the plot and recording at

plot center and corner. Compass 1 Plot layout. Measuring line 1 For plot layout. Flags 5 For marking corners and centre. Calipers 2 For measuring diameter of the trees. Altimeters 1 For measuring height of the trees. Tape 1 For plot layout. Crow bar

1 For planting flags at corners. For collecting soil sample

Axe/ Bill hooks 2 For clearing bushes Marking pens / paint As per requirement

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NAV SETUP

POSITION FRMT: hddd.ddddd°

MAP DATUM: Indian Bngldsh CDI: ±0.25 UNITS: METRIC HEADING: TRUE DEGREES

Field forms and board, field manual, Maps/ imageries, Bag/haversack, Note book, pencil, ball pen, Scale, protractor, Sleeping bag, Torch Light

As per requirement

4.3 Maps for fieldwork The maps will be provided for each Forest Beat by the Geomatics Centre with the randomly generated inventory points overlaid on topographic maps of 50K scale. The crew leader should ensure that all the maps are returned back to the Division level Designated Officer after the completion of inventory.

4.4 Organizing fieldwork The fieldwork will be carried out as per the movement plan prepared by the Divisional Forest Officer. The DFO should select their camping sites in such a manner that maximum number of sample plots can be covered from a camp with minimum travel time.

The Crew Leader should see that the day to day programme is so chalked out that they are not required to make wasteful journeys. They should ensure that their party is fully equipped with stores, camp and survey equipment, ration, medicines etc. before commencement of the field work. Any requirement should be informed to the DFO for fulfilment. They should also see that adequate field forms are carried in field, each member has understood the field manual and the work to be done. The duties of the crew have been stated in the duty-chart. The crew leader will distribute the work of inventory to the crew members and may make suitable modifications in the duty-chart if necessary.

As a general routine Crew Leaders should keep good liaison with the local forest staff and see that the camps are properly, neatly and systematically arranged and the staff maintains decorum and proper discipline in the camps.

4.5 Navigating to the plot

4.5.1 Required SETUP of GPS

It should be ensured that the GPS is SET to Indian Bangladesh Datum and HDD format. To do this proceed as follows.

• Switch on GPS • Press PAGE button to reach the fifth screen with the Title MAIN MENU • Use arrow to reach SETUP MENU • Press ENTER • Use arrow to scroll to NAVIGATION and press ENTER • The Screen should look as given here

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Plot Centre

N

S

E W

22.36 Mts

31.62 Mts

0.1Ha

• In case your GPS SETUP does not look like this then immediately contact the Division level Nodal officer

(The detailed procedure is explained in Appendix 5.1)

4.5.2 To store a position of the waypoint

Switch the ON the instrument by pressing the red button on the instrument > Wait the till the position appears in the second screen > Press Mark Button > Change the label and symbol if required > Press Enter Button (DONE).

4.5.3 To create a way point

Goto Main Menu Page > Waypoint > New > Enter the position, number, label > Done.

4.5.4 To Navigate

Press GOTO Button > Select Waypoint from the list > Press Enter Button > It Displays the Compass with Bearing and Distance.

4.6 Layout of the main plot in the field After reaching the plot centre fix a stout pole of 10 cm dia. and 1.5 m in height at the centre. The layout of the plot will be done as follows.

After fixing the plot centre fix the N, S, E and W corners of the plot by measuring 22.36 m, horizontal distance by tape/rope in all four directions. Stout pegs or bamboo of 1.5 m height should be fixed at each corner and a flag attached to it. Check the correctness of layout by measuring each side, which should be 31.62 m.

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If possible ranging rods also can be used as corner posts. A red/orange/white colour cloth may be tied at the top end of these corner posts for getting clear visibility from different spots in the plot.

4.6.1 Layout of the plot for shrubs and regeneration

This plot will be laid after the data collection on the main plot is over. One plot of 3 m x 3 m will be laid. To lay the plot proceed as follows.

Proceed to the northern corner of the plot. From this corner measure 2.12 m in the northern direction and mark the point. This will be the center of this plot. From this point mark three points at a distance of 2.12 m in each direction N, E and W. This will give four corners for the plot for shrubs and regeneration.

4.6.2 Layout of the plot for herbs

One plot of 1 m x 1 m will be laid for this purpose. The center of this plot will be the same as that of the plot of Shrubs and Regeneration as marked above. From this plot centre, mark 0.71 m in the N, S, E and W directions.

After layout the plots will look like as given below.

22.36 m

31.62 m

Plot Centre

N

E

S

W

3 m 1 m

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4.6.3 Collection of Soil Data

Soil sample data shall be collected in the following manner.

See the various landcover available in the area e.g., bare soil, grassy patch, shrub or tree covered area and select four such areas for digging four small soil pits. The area from which the soil sample is to be taken should be cleared of vegetation with the help of bill hook or axe. Then with the help of crowbar/ spade dig a V-Shaped pit of 15 cm x 15 cm and 15 cm depth at each plot. The dug out soil from the pit should be removed and it should not be mixed with collected soil. Using a Thapi1 scrape about 250 gm of soil sample from the sides. The soil so collected from all the subplots shall be mixed thoroughly and take a sample of 1 kg. A sample card bearing Name of Division, Range and Plot no. should be kept in the bag. This information should also be written on the plastic bag. If the samples are wet then care should be taken that the label should not be spoilt. This sample bag should be tied up with a rubber band and deposited at headquarter on regular intervals.

4.7 Data Collection While the plot is being laid and data is being collected the Crew leader should complete the plot approach form and plot description form. The following precautions should be observed while collecting data.

• The forms should be filled in good legible writing. • The code numbers should be correctly and neatly recorded. • Overwriting should be avoided. If an entry is found to be wrong, it should be cut and

correct entry made. • If complete data of a plot cannot be accommodated in one sheet, a second sheet of

the same form may be used clearly marking Page 1/2, 2/2 etc. On completion of the work in a plot, the crew leader should scrutinize the forms if any information is missing or doubtful. All equipment should be collected. The crew should then proceed to the next plot and repeat the work. After completing all the crew should return back. Once in the camp the crew leader should again scrutinize the forms to ensure that no information is missing before sending it to the Designated Officer for Forest Inventory.

1 Thapi is an equipment used by masons for cementing/plastering work.

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4.8 Data collection and recording Data has to be recorded in the prescribed forms, which are:

• Form 1 Plot Approach Form and Plot Description Form • Form 2 Tree Enumeration Form • Form 3 Herbs Form • Form 4 Shrubs & Regeneration Form • Form 5 Climbers Form • Form 6 Bamboo Enumeration Form The field forms should be filled up using the correct codes which are given in this manual.

While filling this form the Crew Leaders should bear in mind that all information in this form is recorded in such a manner that it will help in relocating the plot during checking and re-inventory.

4.8.1 Plot Approach Form (Field Form No.1)

The latitude and longitude will be uploaded in GPS and will be used for navigating to the plot centre from nearest known feature. This form will give details such as mode of travel up to the plot. This form will also indicate the time taken in travel and measurements for time and work studies.

Col. No.

Field Description

1. Plot No. This will be the code number/serial number given in the table in the plot map

2. Name of Camping place Place of previous night halt 3. Time (Hrs. at which left the

camp) This will be 24 hr time e.g. 6 AM will be 06.00 and 4.30 PM will be 16.30

4. Distance covered by vehicles in Km

5. Name of the Place up to which journey was performed

Name of the village, road junction near the point to which journey was performed in vehicle

6. Time at which started on foot This will be 24 hr time. 7. Time of reaching the plot

centre This will be 24 hr time.

8. Plot center Lat: (DD) Long: (DD)

This will be the actual Lat and Long as recorded by the field team at the plot center.

9. Plot Northernmost point Lat: (DD) Long: (DD)

This will be the actual Lat and Long as recorded by the field team at the northernmost point of the plot. It should be recorded after layout of plot.

10. Time of completing the plot This will be 24 hr time. All latitude and longitude values will be recorded in POSITION FRMT: hddd.ddddd° and in MAP DATUM: Indian Bngldsh.

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4.8.2 Plot Description Form (Field Form No. 1)

Col. No. 1: Zone Code

This is to be filled as per Zone code table given below

Zone Code

Districts

1 Adilabad, Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam (Except Bhadrachalam (S) Division)

2 Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, West Godavari, Bhadrachalam (S) Division (of Khammam District)

3 Medak, Rangareddy, Hyderabad and Mahabubnagar Division (of Mahabubnagar district)

4 Kadapa, Nellore, Chittoor 5 Ananthpur,

Kurnool Division (of Kurnool district) 6 Prakasham,

Atmakur and Nandyal Divisions (of Kurnool district), Achampet Division (of Mahabubnagar district)

7 Nalgonda, Guntur, Krishna

Col. No. 2: Division Name

Write the name of the Forest Division where inventory work is being done.

Col. No. 3: Range Name

Write the name of the Forest Range where inventory work is being done.

SOIL DATA

Col. No. 4: Soil Depth

Soil depth can be seen in cuttings and stream banks, nalas, open wells and also by seeing luxuriance of vegetation.

Code Class Soil Depth (cm)

1. Extremely shallow Soil less than 10 cm depth

2. Very shallow 10 – 25 cm

3. Shallow 25 - 50 cm

4. Moderately Shallow 50 – 75 cm

5. Moderately Deep 75 – 100 cm

6. Deep 100 – 150 cm

7. Very Deep Soil more than 150 cm depth

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Col. No. 5: Humus

Humus is the decomposed organic matter which becomes the upper most soil layer. It should be clearly distinguished from un-decomposed leaf litter. The leaf litter should be removed and humus depth measured and categorized as:

Code Class Description

1. No humus No humus at all

2. Very shallow Humus less than 2 cm

3. Shallow Humus 2 - 5 cm

4. Medium Humus 5 - 10 cm

5. Deep Humus more than 10 cm

Col. No. 6: Stoniness

This refers to stone and boulders in the soil and the percentage of area covered by them.

Using the above two observations, classify as follows.


1. No stones Where rock fragments occupy less than 10% of the ground

2. Very Gravely Where gravel occupies 10-50% of the ground

3. Very Stony Where stones occupy 10-50% of the ground

4. Very Bouldery Where boulders occupy 10-50% of the ground

5. Extremely Gravely Where gravel occupies more than 50% of the ground

6. Extremely Stony Where stones occupy more than 50% of the ground

7. Extremely Bouldery Where boulders occupy more than 50% of the ground

Observe the % of area occupied by the dominant size class of rock fragment

% of area occupied Class

Less than 10% No stones

10 – 50% Very

More than 50% Extremely

Observe the size of rock fragment and classify as follows

Size (in cm) Class

Upto 8 cm Gravel

8 – 60 cm Stone

More than 60 cm Boulder

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Col. No. 7: Erosion status

This may be classified as follows.


1. No erosion

2. Slight Sheet erosion, only surface erosion is seen.

3. Moderate Rills are seen

4. Strong Gullies are seen

5. Severe Gullies, ravines and landslips are seen.

CROP DATA Crop data will be recorded only where land use is shown as Forest Land. This will be observed over an area of about 2 ha in and around the plots while navigating to the plot center.

Col. No. 8: Origin of stand

Code Description

1. Natural Forest of seed origin

2. Forest of coppice origin

3. Plantation

4. Mixed, where seedling and coppice origin trees are mixed

Col. No. 9: Basal Area

Using the wedge prism, count the number of TALLY trees and multiply this number by the Basal Area Factor (BAF) to arrive at the Basal area in m2/ha

e.g. if the number of tally trees is 8 and BAF is 2 then the

Basal area in m2/ha = No. of TALLY trees X BAF = 8 X 2 = 16 m2/ha.

(The deatailed procedure is explained in Appendix 5.4)

Col. No. 10: Number of storeys

See whether the forest is single storeyed, multi storeyed or mixed.


1. Single storey All trees approximately of same height.

2. Multi storey Trees occupy two or three clearly distinguishable different levels

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3. Mixed Trees of different heights occupying more than three levels or separate levels not distinguishable

Col. No. 11: Seedling Regeneration

This should be taken from actual count of seedlings of tree species in the North-Eastern quadrant and classified as follows. Do not include regeneration of herbs and shrubs in this.


1. Profuse More than 62 seedlings

2. Adequate 31- 62 seedlings

3. Inadequate Less than 31 seedlings

4. Absent No regeneration

Col. No. 12: Coppice Regeneration

This should be taken from actual count of stumps having coppice shoots of tree species in the North-Eastern quadrant and classified as follows.


1. Profuse More than 12 stumps

2. Adequate 6-12 stumps

3. Inadequate Less than 6 stumps

4. Absent No stumps with coppice shoots

Col. No. 13: Bamboo Occurrence

If bamboo occurs in the plot, its occurrence should be classified as


1. Pure 200 or more clumps / ha

2. Dense 100 - 200 clumps / ha

3. Medium 50-100 clumps/ha

4. Scattered Less than 50 clumps / ha

5. Absent No bamboo

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Col. No. 14: Bamboo flowering


1. Sporadic When less than 10% of the clumps have flowered

2. Gregarious When majority of the clumps have flowered

3. No flowering

Col. No. 15: Bamboo Regeneration

Examine if natural regeneration of bamboo from seed is existing. Classify as:


1. Profuse Area carpeted with regeneration i.e. More than 75% are covered with regeneration

2. Adequate 50-75% area covered with regeneration

3. Inadequate Less than 50% area covered with regeneration

4. Absent

INCIDENCE DATA

Col. No. 16: Incidence of Weeds

Look at the ground and estimate the surface area occupied by weeds and classify as


1. Dense Where weeds occupy more than 50% of the area

2. Medium Where weeds occupy approximately 10-50% of the area

3. Low Where weeds occupied less than 10% of the area

4. Absent No weeds

Col. No. 17: Incidence of Grass

Look at the ground surface area occupied by grass within and 2 ha around the plot and classify into categories.


1. Dense More than 50% of the area covered by grass

2. Medium 10-50% of the area covered by grass

3. Low Less than 10% of the area covered by grass

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4. Absent Grass totally absent

Col. No. 18: Fire incidence

This can be judged by presence of ash, burnt twigs, charring (blackening) of under growth & trees, absence of dry leaf litter and young regeneration depending on the intensity & frequency of fire. This may be classified as


1. High Stems are blackened, bark is burnt, crown is burnt and some trees dead. Undergrowth burnt. Soil is charred.

2. Medium Stems are blackened, bark is burnt, crown not burnt and trees not dead. Undergrowth burnt. Soil is charred. Bark may be slightly blackened (charred).

3. Low Undergrowth burnt. Burnt twigs found. Soil may be charred.

4. Absent Fire totally absent

Col. No. 19: Grazing

This can be judged by presence of cattle, cattle dung, hoof marks and signs of grass been eaten. Intensity of grazing can be judged as follows.


1. High Cattle seen or fresh cow-dung seen and hoof-marks visible. Soil compacted due to trampling, plants also trampled. Grass eaten.

2. Medium Cow-dung seen at one or two places, hoof marks visible. Soil not compacted, grass also visible

3. Low Hoof marks and cow-dung not visible. Soil not compacted. Some signs of grazing however visible.

4. Absent No signs of grazing.

Col. No. 20: Felling

This is generally the unregulated felling by villagers. Trees or branches may be cut, pollarded or lopped.


1. High Most of the trees are badly mutilated may be resulting in bushy growth

2. Medium Trees only partially damaged with the main stem in general intact

3. Low Signs same as above but on a sporadic scale

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4. Absent No felling is noticed

Col. No. 21: Pest damage

Due to pests like borers, defoliators etc. which can be seen by holes in stem, wood dust, defoliated & skeletonised leaves and presence of larvae. Fungal damage can be seen by presence of fruiting bodies.


1. High More than 50% of trees affected

2. Medium 25-50% of trees affected

3. Low <25% trees affected

4. Absent No pest damage

CANOPY DENSITY

Col. No. 22 – Col. No. 26:

Use the densiometer to measure the canopy density and write its value.

The densiometer has a mirror on which 24 squares are marked as shown in the adjacent figure. Each square is mentally divided into 4 parts called ‘dots’. Hold the equipment firmly on right palm, at waist-level about 10 inches above from body, such that the shadow of the observer does not fall on the mirror. Support the instrument by holding the right wrist with the left hand. First try to bring the air bubble in the spirit level at the center. Then focus on the image of tree canopy falling in the mirror and start counting the dots from the topmost square. Each square completely occupied by tree canopy is counted as 4 ‘dots’. Similarly a half filled square is counted as 2 dots and 3/4th filled as 3 ‘dots’ and 1/4th filled as 1 ‘dot’. Count the total number of ‘dots’ occupied by tree canopy and enter in the table. This work has to be repeated at N, E, S, and W corners and center of the plot.

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4.8.3 Tree Enumeration Form (Field Form no. 2)

In this form diameter and Height of trees will be recorded. In the North Eastern (NE) quadrant, diameter and height of the trees shall be measured. In the remaining part of the plot only DBH shall be measured. All trees will be given a serial number starting from the NE quadrant and this number shall be continued over the whole plot.

Trees below 10 cm diameter at breast height over bark and dead trees should not be enumerated. The tree numbers can be written by paint or marker pen without scraping the bark in the sample plot.

Tree enumeration form for each plot will be maintained separately. If a plot contains large number of trees that cannot be accommodated in one sheet, another sheet may be used, and total number of sheets should be written in the top right corner of the form.

Suppose if any plot requires 3 forms to enumerate the total number of trees in the plot

• First page will be written as 1/3 • Second page will be written as 2/3 • Third page will be written as 3/3 etc.

Regarding border line trees, the stems of which touch the north-western and north-eastern plot boundaries will be considered as “in trees” and counted. Stems of trees which touch the south-eastern and south-western southern boundaries of plot will be considered as “out trees” and will not be enumerated.

Enumeration will commence from the north-eastern quadrant and proceed in a clockwise direction. The diameter of trees will be measured at breast height (1.37 m from the ground level), measuring on the uphill side and will be recorded in centimeters. The axis of calipers i.e. the long arm will always be kept pointing to the plot centre while taking diameter measurement of trees. The tree height has to be measured using altimeter. Coding instructions are as follows. (Refer Appendices for Diameter and Height measurement).

Col. No. 1: Plot no.

This will be plot no.

Col. No. 2: Tree no.

As marked on the tree

Col. No. 3: Species code

Refer to the table for species code and enter it.

Col. No. 4: Species name/Local Name

Botanical name or Local vernacular name of the species may be written

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Col. No. 5: DBH

Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) in cm in three digits. This will be measured using calipers, taking care that the long arm is pointing towards the plot centre.

Col. No. 6: Tree height

This will be the Total height in meters measured using RAVI altimeter. Tree height shall be measured In the North Eastern (NE) quadrant only. In the remaining part of the plot only DBH shall be measured. All trees will be given a serial number starting from the NE quadrant and this number shall be continued over the whole plot.

(The deatailed procedure is explained in Appendix 5.2, 5.3)

(The species codes are given in Appendix 5.5)

17

4.8.4 Herbs Form (Field Form No. 3)

The data regarding herbs is to be collected from one square sub-plot of 1m x 1m laid within the Shrubs and Regeneration plot at the northern corner of the main plot.

Herbs are defined as plants usually not exceeding 1 m in height with soft stem.

Care may be taken that young regeneration of the tree species is not included in the categories of herbs & shrubs.



Col. No. 2: Herbs - Species name

Botanical name should be written.

Col. No. 3: Herbs - Local name

Local name should be written.

Col. No. 4: Herbs – Number of plants

Write the number of plants for this species found in the 1 x 1 m plot.

4.8.5 Shrubs & Regeneration Form (Field Form No. 4)

Similarly, the data regarding shrubs and regeneration is to be collected from a square plot of 3 m x 3 m laid out at the northern corner of main plot.

Shrubs are defined as plants usually not exceeding 3 m in height with woody stem.

Regeneration information should be collected only for tree species.



Col. No. 2: Shrubs - Species Name


Col. No. 3: Shrubs - Local Name


Col. No. 4: Shrubs - Number of plants

Write the number of plants for this species found in the 3 x 3 m plot.

Col. No. 5: Regeneration - Species name/Local Name

Botanical name or Local Name may be written

18

Col. No. 6: Regeneration - Species code

Refer to the table for species code and enter it.

Col. No. 7: Regeneration – Category

This will be filled as follows:


1. Established Plants having height more than 2 m

2. Un-established

Plants which having height less than 2 m but are more than one year old seedling. It will include whippy and sub-whippy plants.

3. Recruit Very small plants having 2-4 leaves but are current years seedling.

4.8.6 Climber Form (Field Form No. 5)

Climbers should be recorded only in the NE quadrant of the main plot.



Col. No. 2: Climber – Species Name


Col. No. 3: Climber – Local Name


Col. No. 4: Climber - Number of plants

Write the number of plants for this species found in the NE quadrant.

19

4.8.7 Bamboo Enumeration Form (Field Form No. 6)

All bamboo clumps will be serially numbered and its data recorded in this form. Each clump species and diameter will be recorded as in case of trees. Every fifth clump starting from first will be for detailed measurement in which culms by age will be recorded and the total number of dry including decayed, culms, and high cuts will also be recorded. The number of green culms in each diameter class and the average height will also be recorded.



Col. No. 2: Clump no.

As marked on the Bamboo clump.

Col. No. 3 Species name

Botanical name or local name may be written

Col. No. 4: Clump girth

Measure the clump girth and record in m.

Col. No. 5: Current culms

Count the number of green current year’s culms. Culm will have whitish powder and sheath tightly intact.

Col. No. 6: 1-3 years culms

Count the number of green culms which are 1 & 2 year old. Culm will not have whitish powder and the sheath would have partly peeled off.

Col. No. 7: 3+ years

Count the mature culms which are 3 years old or more. Culm will not have any sheath.

Col. No. 8: Total

Total number of green sound culms (Sum of Col. 5, Col. 6 and Col. 7)

Col. No. 9: Dry and decayed culms

Count the number of dry and decayed culms

Col. No. 10: High cuts

Culms of which the upper portion has been cut and removed. They will generally be 0.5 to 1 meter height.

20

Col. No. 11: No. of culms

Total no. of culms in diameter class 2-5 cm.

Col. No. 12: Height average (m)

Average of height of 2-5 cm diameter class


Total no. of culms in diameter class 5-8 cm.

Col. No. 14: Average Height

Average height of diameter class 5-8 cm in meters.


Total no. of culms in above 8 cm dia class.

Col. No. 16: Average Height

Average height of diameter class above 8 cm.

4.8.8 Vertical photography

Please use the digital camera provided to you for taking a vertical photograph at the plot center. This photograph should be taken with the camera vertically pointing towards the sky. Store this photo with the same name as the plot ID. Keep the date function on while taking this photograph. This photograph will be used for digital image classification later on by the Geomatics Center.

21

5 Appendices

5.1 Appendix 1: Global Positioning System GPS Stands for Global Positioning System. GPS system is developed by DOD (Department of Defense) of USA. It consists of 24 Satellites covering the globe in six planes. Each plane has a minimum of four satellites. These GPS Satellites are moving at an altitude of 20200 km to provide the coverage. GPS signals are free, available round the clock, anywhere on the globe and in all season. Line of sight is not necessary and there is no need to measure distances. Minimum four satellites must be tracked to get the X, Y, Z coordinates (latitude, longitude, altitude) and three Satellites for X, Y coordinates (latitude, longitude). Only Garmin GPS 12 Handheld GPS shall be used for navigation. The crews will be trained in this equipment. Please do not use any other Make or model to avoid confusion.

5.1.1 Procedure for use of Garmin 12 Handheld GPS.

GPS Instrument will display the following Information:

TIME, Number of Satellites Tracked, Altitude, Lat/Long, Speed

The GARMIN GPS Hand Held Instrument consists of following Buttons:

GOTO : Used for navigation

RED LIGHT : This is ON/OFF Button

QUIT : Goes back one screen

PAGE : Goes one screen front (It contains 5 screens)

MARK : To mark the location

ENTER : To save the coordinates information.

BUTTON FOUR ARROWS : Cursor movement

DISPLAY SCREEN : Displays the page wise information

Press red light button to switch on the instrument. This Instrument contains Total Five Screens.

• First Screen gives the information about Satellites. • Second Screen gives the information about Position of the Local features. • Third Screen gives the information about Maps. • Fourth Screen displays the Compass. • Fifth Screen gives the information about the Main Menu.

22

5.1.2 First Screen

This screen gives the Number of Satellites Tracked i.e., Number of Satellites and their Position on hemisphere, North Direction, Status of Battery Charge.

5.1.3 Second Screen

This screen gives the Time, Position i.e., Northing and Easting (Latitudes and Longitudes), Altitude i.e., Height above the Mean Sea Level in Meters, Trip, Speed i.e., km/hour, Track, True North Bearing (Position information from true north).

5.1.4 Third Screen

It contains the information about the Map, Zooming Scale, Panning, Options.

5.1.5 Fourth Screen

Compass displays the direction of the compass, Distance, Bearing, Track, Speed, and ETA.

5.1.6 Fifth Screen

It contains the information about the Main Menu

• Waypoint an intermediate point - to create, rename, delete way points • Waypoint list lists the waypoints • Nearest Wpts lists the waypoints that are more nearest • Proximity Wpts lists waypoints at a specified distance • Routes stores waypoints in the form of a route • Dist and Sun distance and bearing between two points. • Messages to broadcast messages • Setup Menu to connect to computer, to change display formats, to set

alarm etc. • Waypoint: an intermediate point in the survey

It displays the information about the position of the feature on the surface of the earth, such as Northing and Easting position, Label of the position, Date and Time of the information acquisition, Reference etc.

• Dst : Distance in KM • Rename : We can name the Way point (giving labels to way points) • New : Creating the new way point • Delete : Deleting the current Way point • Done : Registering the information in the memory

23

5.1.7 To Change the position format and datum:

Press Page till Main Menu appears > Select Setup Menu > Select the Navigation > Position Format > Press Enter > Select the required format using UP and DOWN arrows > Similarly Change the datum

In case the field team is not able to reach any point, it should lay the plot at the point where it has reached and inform the matter to the Division level test-checking officer the same day itself. The Division level test-checking officer will then inform the Geomatics Centre through e-mail the same day. Please remember that this concession has to be used very rarely and in case of genuine problems only.

24

5.2 Appendix 2: Measurement of Tree Diameter In forest inventory work, tree diameter has been traditionally measured at 1.37 meters above the ground or root of the crown if the root crown is exposed, a point defined as diameter at breast height (DBH). The exact position of DBH is also dependent of individual tree form and topography. For measurement of diameter calipers or tapes are used. The following situations may be encountered in measurement of tree diameter

Diameter on flat ground: Measure DBH at

1.37 m above the ground.

Leaning tree: Measure diameter at 1.37 m

from the ground along the bole.

Tree on slope: Measure diameter at 1.37 m

from the ground along the bole on the uphill

side of the tree.

Tree with irregularities at DBH: On trees

with swellings, bumps, depressions, and

branches at DBH, diameter will be measured

immediately above the irregularity at the

place it ceases to affect normal stem form.

Missing wood or bark. Do not reconstruct

the DBH of a tree that is missing wood or

bark or at the point of measurement. Record

the Diameter of the wood and bark that is still

attached to the tree.

Tree with butt-swell or bottleneck:

Measure these trees 45 cm above the end of

the swell or bottleneck if the swell or

bottleneck extends 1.0 m or more above the

ground.

Leaning tree on sloping ground

1.37 m

1.37 m

1.37 m

1.37 m

1.37 m

1.37 m

1.37 m

1 m

45 cm

25

Forked tree:

Trees forked below 1.37 m. Trees forked in

this region are treated as distinctly separate

trees. Distances and azimuths are measured

individually to the center of each stem where

it splits from the stump. DBH is measured for

each stem at 1.37 m above the ground.

Trees forked at or above 1.37 m. Trees

forked in this region count as one single tree.

If a fork occurs at or immediately above 1.37

m, measure diameter below the fork just

beneath any swelling that would inflate DBH.

Live wind thrown tree: Measure from the

top of the root collar along the length to 4.5

feet.

1.37 m

1.37 m

1.37 m 1 m

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5.3 Appendix 3: Measurement of Tree Height Height measurements are collected for every tree of each species encountered in the North-Eastern quadrant of the whole plot. For each “height” tree, measure total height, or the distance from the top of the crown to the ground. For this purpose Ravi altimeter will be used. The Ravi altimeter has five scales – two for the heights graduated to distances, one for the degrees, one for the slope correction and one for the slope percent.

Tree height determination requires altimeter readings of both tree top and base

levels. The values will be added if they have the opposite sign and subtracted

from one another if they have the same sign.

The use and operation of Ravi altimeter is as follows

• Measure 20/30 m distance from the base of the tree in a direction such that top

and bottom are visible.

• Hold the instrument firmly in one hand, support with other hand and sight the

top/bottom of the tree through eye (the instrument holding side) with other eye

closed.

• After the top/bottom is sighted, close sighting eye, open other eye and observe

the needle to stabilize. Click the locking pin gradually without shaking the

instrument.

• See the appropriate scale in the altimeter and note down the reading.

The following cases may be encountered while measuring tree height.

Case I - On a Flat ground: Record the top height and add the height of the eye level.

Total Height = Top Height + Height of the eye level.

27

Case II - On a Sloping Ground: Height of the tree top and bottom has to be recorded.

• Case II a: If the observer is on the downhill side and below the base of the

tree, the base value is subtracted from the top value.

• Case II b: If the observer is on the uphill side and above the base of the tree,

the base value is added to the top value.

• Case II c: If the observer is on the uphill side and above the base and top of

the tree, the top value is subtracted from the base value.

Total Height = Top Height – Bottom Height.

Total Height = Top Height + Bottom Height.

Total Height = Bottom Height - Top Height.

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5.4 Appendix 4: Measurement of Basal Area using wedge prism Basal Area is a way of explaining the crowdedness or density of a stand. The basal

area of a tree can be thought of as the surface area of the top of the stump if the tree

was cut at 1.37 meters above the ground. The total surface area of all the stump tops in

a hectare is the basal area per hectare.

Basal area measurements are expressed in square meters per hectare. A wedge prism

is used to measure basal area. Each wedge prism has a particular Basal Area Factor

(BAF), like 0.5, 1, 2.0, 5, 10 square meters per hectare.

The use and operation of a wedge prism is very easy and is given below

• Place a 1.37 m tall stick at the plot center and place the wedge prism on it. In

case the plot center has a stone carrion then place this stick as close to the

carrion as possible.

• Look through the prism and observe the tree stem at breast height through it.

Rotate the prism and move yourself in a complete circle while looking through it.

• The line of sight should be at right angles to the prism.

• You can begin with a tree in the northern direction or any other prominent tree.

• Observe the displacement of the stem portion seen through the Wedge Prism.

• If the displacement of the tree, as seen through the prism, is such that the

displaced portion is within the limits of the tree stem, as shown in Fig.1, the tree

is said to be ‘TALLIED’ and it is counted.

• If the displacement coincides with the tree's edge, as shown in Fig.2, it is

borderline tree (JUST TALLIED).

• If the displacement of the tree, as seen through the prism, is beyond that part of

the tree not seen through the prism, as shown in Fig.3, the tree is ‘NOT

TALLIED’ and it is not counted.

• While counting, maintain the 1.37 m tall stick perpendicular to the ground; rotate

the wedge prism on this stick itself and you should also move in a circle around

this stick. Do not move the stick from its place while making observation.

• As you continue around your circle to the direction that you began, you total how

many trees are counted.

29

• Total number of IN trees = Total number of TALLIED trees + ½( Total number of

JUST TALLIED trees)

• Basal area = Total number of IN trees X Basal Area Factor

Correction for slope: The correction for the slope is applied, if the slope is more

than 18 degrees.

• In sloping areas try to maintain the stick perpendicular to the ground, with the

help of altimeter provided to you.

• Follow the procedure of calculating the basal area as in case of level ground

• With the help of altimeter, observe the slope in degrees.

• Multiply the basal area obtained with the multiplication factor using the Table

given below.

Tree Stem portion visible through

the Wedge Prism

Fig.1 TALLIED

1.37 m

Tree Stem

Fig.2 JUST TALLIED

1.37 m

Wedge Prism

Tree Stem portion visible through

the Wedge Prism

Fig.3 NOT TALLIED

1.37 m

Wedge Prism

Tree Stem

Tree Stem

Tree Stem

Tree Stem

Tree Stem

Angle of Slope Multiplication

factor

20 1.064 25 1.103 30 1.155 35 1.221 40 1.305 45 1.414

Angle of Slope Multiplication

factor

50 1.558 55 1.743 60 2 65 2.366 70 2.924 75 3.864

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5.5 Appendix 5: Species Names and Codes for Trees Sl.No. Name of species Local Name Distribution

1 Acacia auriculaeformis Introduced 2 Acacia chundra Sandra Dry deciduous forests 3 Acacia farnesiana In Rayalseema 4 Acacia ferruginea An-sandra In all parts of AP 5 Acacia leucophloea Tella tumma In all parts of AP 6 Acacia nilotica Nala tuma In all parts of AP 7 Acacia suma Tellachandra In Rayalseema 8 Adina cordifolia Bandaru In all parts of AP 9 Aegiceras corniculata Dudumera Mangrove 10 Aegle marmelos Maredu In all parts of AP 11 Aglaia elaeagnoides Yerra Adugu Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 12 Ailanthus excelsa In all parts of AP 13 Alangium salvifolium Uduga In all parts of AP 14 Albizia amara In all parts of AP 15 Albizia lebbeck Dirsanam In all parts of AP 16 Albizia odoratissima Chinduga In all parts of AP 17 Albizia procera In all parts of AP 18 Albizia stipulata In all parts of AP 19 Alphonsea sclerocarpa Pulusu Mamidi Tirumala hills, Nellore, Northern Circars 20 Alstonia scholaris Eddakla Pala Introduced 21 Anacardium occidentale Jidi Mamidi In all parts of AP 22 Anogeisus acuminata Pasi Northern Circar Districts 23 Anogeisus latifolia Tiruman Dry deciduous forests 24 Anthocephalus kadamba Kadamba Northern Circar Districts 25 Antidesma bunius Janu Polari Dry deciduous forests 26 Antidesma ghaesembilla Giridi chettu Dry deciduous forests 27 Antidesma menasu Nakkaagadamu Dry deciduous forests 28 Aphanostachys polystachya Eastern Ghats 29 Artocarpus heterophyllus Panasa In all parts of AP 30 Artocarpus hirsutus Moist deciduous 31 Artocarpus lakoocha Kammaregu Moist deciduous 32 Atlantia monophylla Karu Nimma In all parts of AP 33 Avicenia maxima Tella Mada Mangrove 34 Avicenia officinalis Nalla Mada Mangrove 35 Azadirachta indica Yepa In all parts of AP 36 Balanites aegyptiaca Gara Telengana forests 37 Barringtonia acutangula Kadimi In all parts of AP 38 Bauhinia malabarica In all parts of AP 39 Bauhinia purpurea In all parts of AP 40 Bauhinia racemosa In all parts of AP 41 Bauhinia retusa In all parts of AP 42 Bauhinia variegata In all parts of AP 43 Beilschmedia roxburghiana Moist deciduous 44 Bischofia javanica Panta Moist deciduous 45 Borassus flabellifer Coastal areas

31

46 Boswellia ovalifoliata Sesachalam Hills 47 Boswellia serrata Gandru-chettu Telengana forests 48 Bridellia retusa Nara madi Dry deciduous forests 49 Broussonetia papyrifera Moist deciduous 50 Bruguiera cylindrica Vurada Mangrove 51 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Kandiga Mangrove 52 Buchnzan laanania Morli, Mori Dry deciduous forests 53 Buddleia asiatica Northern Circar Districts 54 Bute monospema Moduga Chettu In all parts of AP 55 Callicarpa arborea Dry deciduous forests 56 Calophyllum ionophyllum Pona Coastal areas 57 Canthium dicoccum Nella Balusu In all parts of AP 58 Capparis grandis Reguti Coastal areas 59 Carallia brachiata Kaarali Mangrove 60 Careya arborea Budadharimi Dry deciduous forests 61 Caryota urens In all hilly forest particularly in Eastern Ghats 62 Cassia fistula Rela Dry deciduous forests

63 Cassia siamea Seema tangedu In all parts of AP

64 Cassine glauca Neridi In all parts of AP 65 Casuarina equisetifolia Sarugudu Coastal areas 66 Celtis australis Dry deciduous forests 67 Celtis cinnamomea Koti-Bira Sesachalam 68 Celtis tetrandra Jabjabal Sesachalam 69 Ceriops decandra Gatharu Mangrove 70 Chloroxylon swietenia In all parts of AP 71 Chukrasia tabularis Konda Vepa Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 72 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Dalchini chekka Introduced 73 Cleistanthus collinus Kodisha Dry deciduous forests 74 Clerodendron phlomidis Nelli Dry deciduous forests 75 Cochlospermum religiosum Konda Gogu Dry deciduous forests 76 Commiphora berryi Krishna forests 77 Commiphora caudata Kondamamidi Dry deciduous forests 78 Cordia macleodii Pedda botuku Dry deciduous forests 79 Cordia myxa Iriki Dry deciduous forests 80 Cordia walichii Dry deciduous forests 81 Cycas sphaericus Vizianagaram Didtrict 82 Cycas beddomei Sesachalam 83 Dalbergia lanceolata Patsari Dry deciduous forests 84 Dalbergia latifolia Jitregi Dry deciduous forests 85 Dalbergia paniculata Pachari In all parts of AP 86 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo In all parts of AP 87 Delonix regia Gul Mohar In all parts of AP 88 Desmodium oojeinensis Dry deciduous forests 89 Dillenia indica Peda Kalinga Agency areasumalla of Visakha & Tir 90 Dillenia pentagyna Revadi Chettu Dry deciduous forests 91 Diospyros candolleana Dry deciduous forests 92 Diospyros chloroxylon Ullintha Dry deciduous forests 93 Diospyros cordifolia Dry deciduous forests

32

94 Diospyros melanoxylon Tuniki Dry deciduous forests 95 Diospyros montana Erra gatha Dry deciduous forests 96 Diospyros ovalifolia Kuka tuniki Dry deciduous forests 97 Diospyros peregrina Racha tuniki Dry deciduous forests 98 Diospyros sylvatica Tella gatha Dry deciduous forests 99 Dolichandrone crispa Niruddi Seshachalam 100 Dolichandrone falcata Oddi Dry deciduous forests 101 Drypetes sepiaria Bira Dry deciduous forests

102 Eeretia acuminata var. serrata Dry deciduous forests

103 Ehretia laevis Tella pisini Dry deciduous forests 104 Elaeocarpus lucidus Moist deciduous 105 Erioglossum rubiginosum Ishirashi Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 106 Eriolaena hookeriana Nara Botka In all parts of AP 107 Erythrina suberosa Muni-Modugu Dry deciduous forests 108 Eucalyptus camaldulensis In all parts of AP 109 Eucalyptus tereticornis In all parts of AP 110 Exoecaria agallocha Tella Mangrove 111 Ficuilas tsiela In all parts of AP 112 Ficus arnottiana Kalla ravi In all parts of AP 113 Ficus benghalensis Mari In all parts of AP 114 Ficus benjamina Konda golugu In all parts of AP 115 Ficus heterophylla Kuvu juvi In all parts of AP 116 Ficus hispida Bommudu In all parts of AP 117 Ficus krishnae In all parts of AP 118 Ficus microcarpa Konda Pillara In all parts of AP 119 Ficus mollis In all parts of AP 120 Ficus mysorensis Goni Chettu In all parts of AP 121 Ficus racemosa Medi In all parts of AP 122 Ficus religiosa Ravi In all parts of AP 123 Firmiania colorata Kharka In Eastern Ghats 124 Garcinia spicata Pidatha Eastern Ghats 125 Garcinia xanthocymus Iwara Mamidi Eastern Ghats 126 Gardenia florida Pedda Bikki In all parts of AP 127 Garuga pinnata Garugudu Dry deciduous forests 128 Givotia rottleriformis Konda Ponaku Dry deciduous forests 129 Gliricidia maculata In all parts of AP 130 Glochidion zeylanicum Pageri Dry deciduous forests 131 Glochidium velutina Dry deciduous forests 132 Gmelina arborea In all parts of AP 133 Gmelina arborea In all parts of AP 134 Grevillea robusta Eastern Ghats 135 Grewia tiliaefolia Tada Dry deciduous forests 136 Guazuma ulmifolia Bhadraksha In all parts of AP 137 Gyrocarpus americanus Tella poniki Dry deciduous forests 138 Hardwickia pinnata Nara Yepi Dry deciduous forests

139 Heterophragam quadriloculare Kala-Goru Dry deciduous forests

140 Heyna trijuga Gore gudda Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats

33

141 Hibiscus tiliaceus In the coastal areas 142 Hildegardia populifolia In Anantpur 143 Homalium nepalense Eastern Ghats, Maredimilli 144 Hymenodictyon orixense In all parts of AP 145 Isocandra candolleana Kondayippa Eastern Ghats & Sesachalam hills 146 Ixora pavetta Korivi In all parts of AP 147 Kigellia africana Yeugala Introduced 148 Kydia calycina Konda-Podari Moist deciduous 149 Lagerstroemia parvifolia Chenangi In all parts of AP 150 Lannea coromandelica Gumpena Dry deciduous forests 151 Lepisanthes tetraphylla Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 152 Leucaena leucocephala Subabul In all parts of AP 153 Limonia alata Konda Nimma In all parts of AP 154 Limonia cenulata In all parts of AP 155 Linociera malabarica Punna gannu Seshachalam 156 Linociera ramiflora Satapala Seshachalam 157 Linociera zeylanica Nellidabba Seshachalam 158 Litsea decanensis Nara mamidi Moist deciduous 159 Litsea glutinosaNara-chettu Moist deciduous 160 Litsea monopetala Meda Moist deciduous 161 Lumintzera racemosa Thanduga Mangrove 162 Macaranga peltata Boddi Moist deciduous 163 Madhuca indica Ippa Dry deciduous forests 164 Madhuca longifolia Seshachalam 165 Mallotus philippensis Sundari Dry deciduous forests 166 Mangifera indica Mamidi In all parts of AP 167 Manilkara hexandra Pala Dry deciduous forests 168 Melia azedarach Turka vepa In all parts of AP 169 Meliosma pinnata Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 170 Mesua ferrea Naga Keshara Paderu 171 Michelia champaka Champakamu Simhachalam & Paderu 172 Miliusa tomentosa Barre Dudduga Dry deciduous forests 173 Millingtonia hortensis Akasa malli Introduced 174 Mimusops elengi Pogada In all parts of AP 175 Mitragyna parviflora Bataganapu In all parts of AP 176 Morinda tinctoria Togara mogali In all parts of AP 177 Moringa concanensis Adavi munaga Dry deciduous forests 178 Nauclea orientalis Eastern Ghats & Sesachalam hills 179 Neolitsea foliolosa Buroyida Seshachalam 180 Ochna squarrosa Tammi, Sunari Dry deciduous forests 181 Olea dioica Seshachalam 182 Oroxylon indicum Dundilam Moist deciduous 183 Pallaquium ellepticum Pala Eastern Ghats & Sesachalam hills 184 Peltophorum pteocarpum In all parts of AP 185 Persea macrantha Nara Seshachalam & Eastern Ghats 186 Phobe paniculata Seshachalam & Eastern Ghats 187 Phoenix sylvestris In all parts of AP 188 Phyllanthus emblica Usiri Dry deciduous forests

34

189 Pithecellobium dulce Seema chinta In all parts of AP 190 Pittosporum floribundum Sesachalam Hill 191 Pleurostylia opposita Pyari In all parts of AP 192 Polyalthia cerassoides Chilikaduddi Dry deciduous forests 193 Polyalthia suberosa Eti Dudugs Dry deciduous forests 194 Pongamia pinnata Kanuga Dry deciduous forests 195 Premna latifolia Takli Dry deciduous forests 196 Premna tomentosa Naguru Dry deciduous forests 197 Pterocarpus marsupium Yegisa In all parts of AP

198 Pterocarpus santalinus Yera chandanam Nalamallai

199 Pterospermum suberifolium Narudu Dry deciduous forests 200 Pterospermum xylocarpum Lolugu Dry deciduous forests 201 Radermachera xylocarpa Naguru Dry deciduous forests 202 Rhizophora apiculata Kakki ponna Mangrove 203 Rhizophora mucronata Upoo-ponna Mangrove 204 Salix tetrasperma Iroda Moist deciduous

205 Salvadora persica Chekkera-chettu Coastal areas

206 Samanea saman Nidra Ganeru In all parts of AP 207 Santalum album Sandalwood Dry deciduous forests 208 Sapindus emarginatus Kunkudu In all parts of AP 209 Sapium insigne Garbhasula Seshachalam 210 Saraca asoka Asokamu North Circar 211 Schleichera oleosa Pusuku Dry deciduous forests 212 Schrebera swietinioides Mokkem Dry deciduous forests 213 Scolopia crenulata Sesachalam Hill 214 Semicarpus anacardium Ndiala je In all parts of AP 215 Sesbania grandiflora Tellaa Suimint In all parts of AP 216 Shorea robusta Gugal Northern Circar Districts 217 Shorea roxburghii Jalari Sesachalam Range 218 Shorea tumbuggaia Tamba Sesachalam Range 219 Sonneretia apetala Kalinga Mangrove 220 Sonnerretia caseolaris Kandla Mangrove 221 Soymida febrifuga Somi Dry deciduous forests 222 Spondias pinnata Konda Mamidi Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 223 Sterculia foetida In all parts of AP 224 Sterculia urens Tapasi In all parts of AP 225 Sterculia villosa Vakkunara In Eastern Ghats 226 Sterospermum personatum Isikarasi Dry deciduous forests 227 Sterospermum suaveolens Paatala Dry deciduous forests 228 Streblus asper Barinka In all parts of AP 229 Strychnos nux-vomica Mushti Dry deciduous forests 230 Strychnos patatorum Chila Dry deciduous forests 231 Suregada multiflorum Surugata Moist deciduous 232 Syzygium alternifolium Jinna Seshachalam 233 Syzygium cuminii Neredu In all parts of AP 234 Tamarindus indica Chinta In all parts of AP 235 Tamarix dioica Penpa Coastal areas 236 Tectona grandis Teku In all parts of AP

35

237 Teminalia paniculata Neemeeri seshachalam 238 Terminalia arjuna Arjuna In all parts of AP 239 Terminalia bellirica In all parts of AP 240 Terminalia chebula In all parts of AP 241 Terminalia pallida Tella karaka seshachalam 242 Terminalia tomentosa In all parts of AP 243 Tetrameles nudiflora Northern Circar Districts 244 Thespesia populnea Ganga-ravi In all parts of AP 245 Toona ciliata Gli manu Eastern Ghats 246 Trema orientalis Boggu chettu Dry deciduous forests 247 Trewia nudiflora Botku Moist deciduous 248 Vitex altissima Mayurapau Dry deciduous forests 249 Vitex leucoxylon Konda Vavili Dry deciduous forests 250 Vitex peduncularis Dry deciduous forests 251 Vitex pinnata Nemali Adugu Dry deciduous forests 252 Vitex pubescens Dry deciduous forests 253 Walsura trifoliata Walsuri Nalamallai & Eastern Ghats 254 Wendlandia corymbosa Dry deciduous forests

255 Wrightia tinctoria Ankudu, Repala Dry deciduous forests

256 Wrightia tomentosa Tella Pala Dry deciduous forests 257 Xantolis tomentosa Eastern Ghats & Sesachalam hills 258 Xylia xylocarpa Konda tangedu In all parts of AP 259 Zanthoxylum rhetsa Rhetsa-man In the easter ghats 260 Zizyphus mauritiana Regu In all parts of AP

36

5.6 Appendix 6: Species Names for Herbs Sl. No.

Name of species Local Name Distribution

1 Acalypha alnifolia In all parts mainly in the stony areas 2 Acalypha indica Muripindi In all parts of AP 3 Acanthospermum hispidum Gunta-kalagaraku In all parts of AP, mostly in the damper areas 4 Acanthus ilicifolius Alisi In the mangrove areas 5 Achyranthes aspera Uttareni In all parts of Ap, particularly in the outskirts 6 Acorus calamus Vasa Rare in the forest area. Mostly in the marshy places 7 Adenostemma lavenia In all parts of AP 8 Aegentia indica In the interior forest as a saprophyte 9 Aerva javanica Pindi konda In all parts of AP 10 Aerva lanata Pindi konda In all parts of AP 11 Agave americana Chager-matta In the drier parts particularly in Telengana & Rayalseema 12 Alisicarpus monilifer Amera In all parts of AP 13 Alisicarpus vaginalis Baramtai-chettu In all parts of AP 14 Alocasia montana Mostly in Eastern Ghats and Sesachalam Hills 15 Aloe barbadense Kalabanda In all parts of AP 16 Alternanthera pungens Mullu Ponnaganti In all parts of AP, mostly in the damper areas 17 Alternanthera sessilis Ponna Ganti kura In all parts of AP 18 Amaranthus spinosus Mulla thotakoora In the sandy alluvial soils 19 Amaranthus tricolor Thotakoora In all parts of AP 20 Amaranthus viridis Chilaka thotakoora In all parts of AP 21 Ammania baccifera In all parts of AP, mostly in the damper areas 22 Amorphophallus paeonifolius Adavi kanda Mostly in Eastern Ghats and Sesachalam Hills 23 Anagalis arvensis In the moist areas, everywhere in AP 24 Andrographis echioides In all parts of AP 25 Andrographis paniculata Nelavemu In all parts of AP 26 Anisoschilus carnosus Karpuravalli In the stony crevices, in all parts of AP 27 Argemone mexicana Brahma dhendu

In the damp open areas. 28 Arisaema tortuosum Mostly in Eastern Ghats and Sesachalam Hills 29 Aristolochia bracteolata Gadaparaku In plain areas, mostly in coastal districts 30 Arthocnemum indicum Koyya pippali A mangrove species 31 Asytasia gangetica In all parts of AP 32 Bacopa monieri Sambrani chettu

In the damp open areas. 33 Balanophora dioica In the very interior area of Vizag dist as saprophyte 34 Barleria cristata In all parts of AP 35 Barleria longiflora Pinna-Gorinta In all parts of AP 36 Barleria prionitis Mulla Gorinta In all parts of AP 37 Begonia picta Mostly on the damper sites on the surface of rocks 38 Bergia ammanoides In all parts of AP, mostly in the damper areas 39 Bidens pilosa In all parts of AP 40 Biophytum sensitivum Jala Puspa In all parts of AP 41 Blepharis maderaspatensis In all parts of AP 42 Blumea glomerata In all parts of AP 43 Blumea pterodonta In all parts of AP 44 Blumea virens In all parts of AP

37

45 Boerhavia chinensis Kanne komali In all parts of AP 46 Boerhavia diffusa Atikamamidi In all parts of AP 47 Borreria hispida Madanaku In all parts of AP 48 Borreria pusilla Patcha nuvi In all parts of AP 49 Bupleurum andhricum In the northern coastal districts 50 Bytneria herbacea In all parts of AP 51 Caesulia axillaris In all parts of AP, mostly in the moist areas 52 Calamus rotang Sannabetamu In the damper areas of Eastern Ghats 53 Canscora diffusa In all parts of AP, mostly in the damper areas 54 Caralluma adscendens In the drier parts particularly in Telengana & Rayalseema 55 Cassia absus Chanupala vittulu In the drier areas of Telengana districts 56 Cassia tora Tantepu As a roadside common weed 57 Cathranthus pusillus Erri Mirapa In all parts of AP 58 Celosia argentia Kodi Juttu In all parts of AP 59 Centella asiatica In the damp open areas. 60 Chenopodium album Pappu-koora In the damp open areas. 61 Chlorophyton arundinaceum In the dry evergreen forests of Eastern ghats 62 Chlorophyton laxum In the dry evergreen forests of Eastern ghats 63 Cleome gynandra Vaminta In all parts of AP 64 Cleome viscosa Kukka-vaminta In all parts of AP 65 Coldenia procumbens Hamsa Padu In all parts of AP 66 Colocasia esculanta Sari Kanda Mostly in Eastern Ghats and Sesachalam Hills 67 Commelina benghalensis In all parts of AP 68 Conyza aegiptica In all parts of AP 69 Corchorus aestuans Nela Bera In all parts of AP 70

Costus speciosus Bogachchika-dumpalu In the damper areas

71 Croton bonplandianus Kukka Mirapa In all parts of AP 72 Curculigo orchioides In the black cotton soil of all pats of forest 73 Curcuma amada Mamidi alamu In the interior areas of Paderu Division 74 Curcuma aromatica Kasturi pasupu In the interior areas of Paderu Division 75 Curcuma pseudomontana Adavi Pasupu In the drier evergreen forests of AP 76 Curcuma zeodaria Kuchur In the drier evergreen forests of AP 77 Cyanotis cristata Netha kina In all parts of AP, mostly in the moister areas 78 Cyanotis tuberosa In all parts of AP, mostly in the moister areas 79 Cyathocline purpurea In all parts of AP, mostly in the moister areas 80 Cynoglossum zeylanicum In all parts of AP, mostly in the moister areas 81 Datura fastuosa Nalla Umetha In all parts of AP 82 Datura metel Tella Umetha In all parts of AP 83 Dentella repens In all parts of AP, mostly in the moister areas 84 Desmodium gangeticum Kola Panna A common species in most parts of the forest 85 Desmodium motorium A common species in most parts of the forest 86 Desmodium pulchellum Konda-Antinta, Sarivi A common species in most parts of the forest 87 Desmodium triquetrum A common species in most parts of the forest 88 Desmodium velutinum Civa Madu,

Cimanduri A common species in most parts of the forest 89 Digera muricata Chenchelikura In all parts of AP 90 Dipterocanthus prostratus In all parts of AP 91 Drosera burmanii Gallara paku In the interior areas of the damper localities 92 Dysophylla myosuroides Maga Beera A common species in most parts of the drier forest

38

93 Ecbolium viride var dentata In the eastern ghats & Seshachalam hills 94 Echinops echinata In all parts of AP 95 Elephantopus scaber In all parts of AP 96 Elytraia acaulis Yeddadugu In all parts of AP 97 Emilla sonchifolia In all parts of AP 98 Enicostema axillaris Gulvidi In all parts of AP 99 Eranthemum capense In the eastern ghats & Seshachalam hills 100 Eranthemum purpurescens In the eastern ghats & Seshachalam hills 101 Euphorbia heterophylla In Telengana areas 102 Euphorbia hirta Nanabalu In all parts of AP 103 Euphorbia prostrata In all parts of AP 104 Euphorbia rosea In all parts of AP 105 Euphorbia thymiflora Reddivari Nanbalu In all parts of AP 106 Exacum bicolour In the damper areas, near water bodies 107 Geophilla repens In the damper areas of Eastern Ghats 108 Glinus lotoides Chadrasikoora In all parts of AP 109 Glinus oppositifolius Chayuntarashi In all parts of AP 110 Globba bulbifera Kalingarastra In the eastern ghats, mostly in tha moist areas 111 Glosscardia bosvallea In all parts of AP 112 Gnaphalium polycaulon In all parts of AP 113 Grangea maderaspatana In all parts of AP 114 Gynura crepidioides In all parts of AP 115 Hedychium coronarium Kichigadda In the interior areas of Eastern ghats and Seshachalam hill 116 Heliotropium indicum In all parts of AP 117 Hemigraphis latebrosa In the hilly areas of Telengana and other eastern ghats 118 Hibiscus lobatus In all parts of AP 119 Hibiscus micranthus In all parts of AP 120 Hoppea dichotoma Restricted distribution in the moist areas 121 Hybanthus enneaspermus Ratna Purusha In the drier tracta of Telengana and Rayalseema 122 Hygrophilla auriculata Nitti Gobbi In the moist areas, everywhere in AP 123 Impatiens balsamina Mudda Gorinta In the moist areas, everywhere in AP 124 Indigofera linnaei Cheragadam In all parts of AP 125 Indigofera mysorensis In all parts of AP 126 Indigofera tinctoria Konda Nilli In all parts of AP 127 Iphigenia indica In all parts of AP 128 Ipomoea pes-tigridis In all parts of AP 129 Justicia betonica Tellarantu In the drier parts of Eastern ghats and Sesachalam 130 Justicia glauca In all parts of AP 131 Justicia simplex In all parts of AP 132 Knoxia sumatrensia Kampu Rodda In the interior parts of forest as a weed on the forest path 133 Lagascea mollis In all parts of AP 134 Lasia spinosa In the interior moister parts of Eastern Ghats 135 Launaea sarmentosa On the sea coast areas 136 Lepidogathis cristata Surya kanta In all parts of AP 137 Leucas aspera In all parts of AP 138 Lindernia crustacea In the moister parts nearby the water bodies 139 Linum usitatissimum Madanaganja In all parts of AP 140 Lippia javanica In moister parts, everywhere in AP

39

141 Maranta arundinacea Palaguntha In the interior parts of Paderu 142 Martynia annua Telukondikaya In all parts of AP 143 Melochia corchorifolia Sitha kura In all parts of AP 144 Merremia emarginata Elkajamedu In black cotton soil of all parts of AP 145 Mimosa pudica Nidrakanti In all parts of AP 146 Molineria trichocarpa In the moister parts of interior forests of eastern ghats 147 Mollugo nudicalis Pedda paripatta In all parts of AP 148 Mollugo pentaphylla Verri Chatarasi In all parts of AP 149 Murdania japonica In the moister parts of interior forests of eastern ghats 150 Ocimum americanum Kukka tulasi In all parts of AP 151 Ocimum gratissimum Nimma tulasi In all parts of AP 152 Orthosiphon thymiflorus In all parts of AP 153 Oxalis corniculata Amboti Kura In the moister parts throughout AP 154 Parthenium hysterophorus Congress Poolu An aggressive weed in most parts of AP 155 Pavonia odorata Pudubodapu In all parts of AP 156 Pavonia zeylanica Karu Benda In all parts of AP 157 Pedalium murex Yenugu-palleru In all parts of AP 158 Peristrophe bicalyculata Chebura In all parts of AP 159 Persicaria barbata In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 160 Persicaria pulchrum In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 161 Phyla nodiflora Mosalipapu In all parts of AP 162 Phyllanthus debilis In all parts of AP 163 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Nella-usirika In all parts of AP 164 Phyllanthus niruri Nela Usiri In all parts of AP 165 Physalis minima Budama In all parts of AP 166 Pimpenella tirupathensis Endemic to Seshachalam 167 Pimpenella wallichiana In the eatern ghats 168 Plumbago indica Erra chitramulamu In the northern coastal districts 169 Plumbago zeylanica Agnimatta In all parts of AP 170 Polycapaea corymbosa In all parts of AP 171 Polygala arvensis Polygalaceae In all parts of AP 172 Polygala elongata Polygalaceae In all parts of AP 173 Polygonum chinensis In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 174 Polygonum glabrum In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 175 Polygonum plebeium In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 176 Portulaca oleracea Pappu kura In the moister parts of all parts of AP 177 Premna herbacea In the moister parts of Eastern Ghats 178 Psoralea corylifolia Bhavanchalu,

Bavanji In all parts of AP 179 Puppalia lappacea Antreetha In all parts of AP 180 Rhincanthus nasutus Naga Malle In the eastern ghats and Seshachalam hill ranges 181 Rhyncosia minima Gadi-Chikudu In all parts of AP 182 Rotala densiflora In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 183 Rumex vesicularis Chukka kura In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 184 Rungia pectinata In all parts of AP 185 Salicornia bracteata Barillakoyalu In the mangrove areas 186 Scilla hyacinthina In all parts of AP 187 Scoparia dulce In all parts of AP 188 Seigesbeckia orientalis In all parts of AP

40

189 Sessamum orientale Nuvvulu In all parts of AP 190 Sessuvium portulacastrum Thikka kura In the mangrove areas 191 Sida actangula In all parts of AP 192 Sida acuta Chittemu, Visha

Boddi In all parts of AP 193 Sida cordata Gayapaku In all parts of AP 194 Sida cordifolia Chiru Benda In all parts of AP 195 Solanum incanum Revati Mulaga In all parts of AP 196 Solanum nigrum Kamanchi In all parts of AP 197 Solanum suratense In all parts of AP 198 Sonchus oleraceus In all parts of AP 199 Sphaeranthus indicus Bodasaramu In all parts of AP 200 Spilanthus acmella In all parts of AP 201 Stachytarpheta indica In all parts of AP 202 Stemodia viscosa Bodasaramamu In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 203 Stemonia tuberosa Kanupu tige In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 204 Stenosiphon russelianum Nelakurji In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 205 Striga densiflora In all parts of AP 206 Stylosanthes fruticosa Sailu Kampa In all parts of AP 207 Stylosanthes hamata In all parts of AP 208 Suadea maritima Elagu In the mangrove areas 209 Suadea nudiflora Revu Kada In the mangrove areas 210 Tacca leontopetaloides Adavi Dumpa In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 211 Talinum portulacifolium Sima Bachchali In the moister parts, nearby the water bodies 212 Tephosia procumbens Vempalli In all parts of AP 213 Tephosia purpurea Tella Vempalli In all parts of AP 214 Tephrosia villosa Nugu Vempalli In all parts of AP 215 Teramnus labialis Masha Parni In all parts of AP 216 Thalictrum foliolosum Nearby the water streams 217 Torenia asiatica In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 218 Trianthema portulacastrum Galijru In the mangrove areas 219 Tribulus terrestris Palleru In all parts of AP 220 Trichodesma indicum Guvva Gutti In all parts of AP 221 Tridax procumbens Gaddi Chamanti In all parts of AP 222 Triumfetta pentandra Chirusitrika In all parts of AP 223 Triumfetta pilosa Teega benda In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 224 Triumfetta rhomboidea Dekki, In all parts of AP 225 Triumfetta rotundifolia Banki-tuthuru In all parts of AP 226 Uraria lagopodioides In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 227 Uraria picta In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 228 Uraria rufescens In the interior parts of Eastern Ghats 229 Urena lobata ssp lobata Nalla benda In all parts of AP 230 Urena lobata ssp sinuata In all parts of AP 231 Urginea indica Adavi ulli In all parts of AP 232 Vernonia cinerea Sahadevi In all parts of AP 233 Waltheria indica Nalla Benda In all parts of AP 234 Zinziber montanum Karu Pasupu In the moister parts of Eastern Ghats 235 Zinziber roseum Bomma-kachikai In the moister parts of Eastern Ghats 236 Zinziber zerumbet In the moister parts of Eastern Ghats

41

237 Zornia gibbosa In all parts of AP

42

5.7 Appendix 7: Species Names for Shrubs Sl.No. Name of species Local Name Distribution

1 Abutilon indicum Erri Benda, Thutura Benda Throughout AP - mostly in the outskirts of forests

2 Acacia latronum Budda jala, Paki-tumma Common species of dry deciduous and RS forest (lower slopes) in the skeletal soil of Telengana and Rayalseema.

3 Acacia torta Konda korintha Species of thorny forest of mainly Rayalseema forest

4 Actinodaphne maderaspatana Kovangutti

Valleys of Tirumala hills, Northern eastern ghats (Rare ssp)

5 Adhatoda zeylanica Adasaramu Not so common; moist areas in the outskirts of forest

6 Ageratum conyzoides Common weed as a colonizer in the cleared areas

7 Allophylus cobbe Spp. of scrub forest; more often found as a bush

8 Alseodaphne semecarpifolia

Valleys of Tirumala hills, Northern eastern ghats (Rare ssp)

9 Alstonia venenata Moister parts of the forest in the northern coastal districts

10 Anisomeles malabarica Mahaveera A common weed in the degraded forests of most parts of AP

11 Ardisea solanacea Konda Mayur Moister parts of Easter Ghats

12 Azima tetracantha Tella-uppi A salt tolerant species of coatal forests

13 Breynia vitis-ideaea Erra-balli A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

14 Breyniavitis-retusa A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

15 Bridelia montana Pantangi, Panchavoni A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

16 Bridelia stipularis Donka-Bhuvara A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

17 Carissa carandas Kalivi A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

18 Calycopteris floribunda Bonta teega, Adavi jama, Pottengi

A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

19 Calotropis gigantea Jilledu Outskirts of forests motly seen on the forest path

20 Calotropis proceara Outskirts of forests motly seen on the forest path

21 Canthium parvifolrum

Balusu Common species in the dry and moist deciduous areas of AP

22 Carissa spinarum Vaka A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

23 Cassia alata Mitta tamara Outskirts of forests motly seen near ditch

24 Cassia angustifolia Outskirts of forests motly in Rayalseema

25 Cassia auriculata Tangedu Outskirts of forests motly seen on the forest path

26 Cassia montana Pagada tangedu, Konda tangedu

Mostly seen in the hills, ghat roads

27 Cassia occidentalis Kasinta Outskirts of forests motly seen on the forest path

28 Cassia sophera Konda kasinda Dry decidous forests, not so common

29 Cassia surattensis Metta tangedu Outskirts of forests motly seen on the forest path

30 Cereus grandiflora Cemma Raakasi In the drier tracts of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

31 Cereus hexagonus Sima jemudu In the drier tracts of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

32 Chrozophora prostrata A common weed near the marshy areas in the outskirts

33 Cipadessa baccifera Chedu Bira A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

34 Cleistanthus collinus Kodisha A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

35 Cleistanthus patula Jegura Less common in slightly moister parts of Sesachalam

36 Clerodendron inerme Erru pucha Common in the coastal areas

37 Clerodendron phlomidis Tekkali, Nelli A common dry deciduous species throughout AP

38 Clerodendron serratum Gunta Barangi A spp found in the moister localities in all parts of AP

39 Clerodendron viscosum Konda-thakali, Bokkuda Common weed in the moist deciduous species

40 Coffea arabica Kafi Agency areas of Visakhapatnam district

41 Colebrookea oppositifolia Jolidi in the moister parts of Sesachalam and northern eastern

ghats

43

42 Decaschitia crotonifolia In the Sesachalam hills

43 Dichrostachys cinerea Velthuru In all scrub forests throughout AP

44 Dodonaea viscosa Puli-vailu, Bandam, Golla pulleda

In all scrub forests throughout AP

45 Drypetes sepiaria Bira In all scrub forests throughout AP

46 Ehretia microphylla Sesachalam Hills

47 Embellia ribes

Vidangamu In the interior parts of Agency areas of Visakhapatnam districts

48 Erythroxylum monogynum Deva Dharu, Pagadamu chettu In all scrub forests throughout AP

49 Eugenia bracteata Eastern Ghat

50 Eupatorium odoratum

Common weed throughout AP as an aggressive colonizer

51 Euphorbia antiquorum Bomma Jemmudu In the drier tracts of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

52 Euphorbia nivulia Jemmudu In the drier tracts of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

53 Euphorbia pulcherima In the drier tracts of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

54 Euphorbia tirucalli Manchi Jemmudu In the drier tracts of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

55 Flemingia macrophylla

Kandran Regu In the dry deciduous forest of AP except Rayalseema forests

56 Flemingia semialata

In the dry deciduous forest of AP except Rayalseema forests

57 Flemingia strobilifera

Nalla Baddu In the dry deciduous forest of AP except Rayalseema forests

58 Gardenia gummifera Bikki In all scrub forests throughout AP

59 Gardenia resinifera Konda manga In all scrub forests throughout AP

60 Gardenia turgida Kukka-elka In the moist deciduous forests of AP

61 Glycosmis mauritiana Golugu, Konda Gilugu In the scrub forest throughout AP

62 Gmelina asiatica Nela Gumudu In the scrub forest throughout AP

63 Gomphostemma parviflorum

Rare in the agency area of Visakhapatnam districts

64 Grewia abutillifolia Pedda tariki, Pedda tada In all scrub forests throughout AP

65 Grewia damine Adavi jana, Nara budama In all scrub forests throughout AP

66 Grewia flavescens Meda Kava, Bunka Jana In all scrub forests throughout AP

67 Grewia hirsua Jibilika, Tadiki, In all scrub forests throughout AP

68 Grewia orientalis Tegali In all scrub forests throughout AP

69 Grewia rhamnifolia Pega rotta, Bampudu, Duddu

rotta In all scrub forests throughout AP

70 Grewia rothi Jana In all scrub forests throughout AP

71 Grewia serrulata Pegala, Potriki, In all scrub forests throughout AP

72 Gymnosporia spinosa Danti In all scrub forests throughout AP

73 Helecteres isora Gubathada, Nulithada In all scrub forests throughout AP

74 Hibiscus platanifolius Only in Seshachalam hills

75 Hibiscus vitifolius In all scrub forests throughout AP

76 Holarrhena pubescens Tedla pala In all scrub forests throughout AP

77 Homonoia riparia Siridamanu Near forest streams (bouldery) of eastern ghats

78 Hugonia mystax Pisangi, Kakibira, In all scrub forests throughout AP

79 Hyptis suaveolens


80 Ipomoea carnea Thutu Kada Plant seen mostly near water in open forest

81 Ixora pavetta Korivi All parts of AP, in the outskirts of forests

82 Jatropha curcas Nepalamu Outskirts of forests throghout AP

83 Jatropha glandulifera Adavi-amada Outskirts of forests throghout AP

84 Jatropha gossypifolia Seema-nepalamu Outskirts of forests throghout AP

85 Kalanchoe pinnata Gallara paku Drier tract, not so common

86 Lantana camara


87 Lawsonia inermis Gorintaku Outskirts of forests throghout AP

44

88 Leea crispa

Moist forests of Eastern Ghats, Sesachalam & Nalamalai Hills

89 Leea indica

Anka dora Moist forests of Eastern Ghats, Sesachalam & Nalamalai Hills

90 Leonotis nepetaefolia Outskirts of forests throghout AP

91 Loeseneriella obtusifolia Sesachalam hills

92 Malvastrum coromandelianum

Moist areas throughout AP in the outskirt of forest

93 Maytenus emarginatus Chinni, Goddali-cippa Indicator of highly eroded soil throughout AP

94 Melastoma malabathricum Pathudu Nearby streams of moist valleys of Eastern ghats

95 Memecylon edule Alli Common species of dry deciduous forests throughout AP

96 Memecylon umbellatum Peddalli Common species of dry deciduous forests throughout AP

97 Mimosa intsia

Dry deciduous forests of Telengana and Rayalseema areas

98 Murraya koenigii Karivepaku Moist areas in the valleys

99 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Parijatham Dry deciduous forests of mostly Telengana areas

100 Opuntia stricta Naga Jemudu In the thorny forests of mostly Rayalseema districts

101 Opuntia vulgaris Nagadali In the thorny forests of mostly Rayalseema districts

102 Osbeckia chinensis Nearby streams of moist valleys of Eastern ghats

103 Pambarus missionis Nalla-munukudu Sesachalam hills

104 Pandanus tectorius Mogali On the sea coasts

105 Pavetta indiaca Papidi In all scrub forests throughout AP

106 Phoenix acaulis On the hill tops

107 Phyllanthus reticulatus Pulsare All parts of AP, in the outskirts of forests

108 Pogostemon benghalensis Pedda Tulas Common weed in the drier parts of the State

109 Pterolobium hexapetalum Korintha, Kodi mudasa, Indrasi In all scrub forests throughout AP

110 Randia candolleana Konda manga In all scrub forests throughout AP

111 Randia dumetorum Manga chettu In all scrub forests throughout AP

112 Randia malabarica Pedallli In all scrub forests throughout AP

113 Randia uliginosa Kuka-elka Not so common in dry deciduous forests throughout AP

114 Rauvolfia serpentina Patalagiridi Paderu, Ettunagaram, Donkorai, Maredimilli

115 Rhus mysorensis Sith-sundari Telengana and Rayalseema in the scrub forests

116 Salacia chinensis Saptarangini, Nerani Nellore district, Tirupathi, Vizianagaram, Chintoor

117 Scutia myrtina Gariki, Nalla korintha In all scrub forests throughout AP

118 Securingea leucopyrus Tella-Purugudu In all scrub forests throughout AP

119 Securingea virosa Tella-Pulcheri In all scrub forests throughout AP

120 Sesbania bispinosa Ettejanga All parts of AP

121 Solanum anguivi Vankudu, Adavi Uchintha All parts of AP

122 Solanum erianthum Pittu, Rasagadi All parts of AP

123 Solanum torvum Konda Vusti All parts of AP

124 Sonerila tenera Nearby streams of moist valleys of Eastern ghats

125 Spermadicton suaveolens Erra moggi In the exposed soil of Maredimilli Ghat and Paderu ghat

126 Suregada angustifolia Karu-Guggilamu, Surgada

in the moister parts of Sesachalam and northern eastern ghats

127 Tarena asiatica Konda papidi Dry deciduous forests of mostly Telengana areas

128 Thespesia lampas Advi benda Degraded forest of moist deciduous forest of AP

129 Toddalia asiatica Konda Mirapa All parts of AP

130 Vernonia anthelmintica Garitikamma Mostly in Nalamalais

131 Vitex negundo Vavilli In outskirts of forest and alluvial coasts of rivers of AP

132 Woodfordia fruticosa Jargi, Seringi, Jaji

Mostly in the exposed soil of dry deciduous forest of Telengana

133 Ximenia americana Nakkeru In the dry deciduous forest of mostly Telengana districts

134 Zizyphus mauritiana Regu In all scrub forests throughout AP

135 Zizyphus numularia Nalaregu In all scrub forests throughout AP

45

136 Zizyphus oenoplea Pariki In all scrub forests throughout AP

137 Zizyphus trinervia In moister parts of Eastern Ghats and Sesachalam Hills

138 Zizyphus xylopyrus Goti In all scrub forests throughout AP

46

5.8 Appendix 8: Species Names for Climbers Sl. No.

Name of species Local Name DISTRIBUTION

1 Abrus precatorius Gurivinda In all forests of AP

2 Acacia caesia Korinta In all forests of AP

3 Acacia pennata Kondakorinda In all forests of AP

4 Acacia sinuata Sigekai In all forests of AP

5 Aganosoma caryophyllata Palamalle, Guda Palateega In the moister parts, in the valleys

6 Ampelocissus latifolia Bedasatiga, Bedalatiga In all forests of AP

7 Ampelocissus tomentosa Atukalabaddu In all forests of AP

8 Anamitra cocculus Koditige In the moister parts of Sesachalam hills

9 Anodendron paniculatum In the moister parts of the interior forests of Eastern Ghats

10 Argyreia cymosa In all forests of AP

11 Argyreia nervosa Samudrapala In all forests of AP

12 Argyreia osyrensis In all forests of AP

13 Argyreia setosa In all forests of AP

14 Asparagus racemosus Pilliteega In all forests of AP

15 Aspidopterys cordifolia In the dry deciduous forests of Telengana areas

16 Aspidopterys indica In the dry deciduous forests of Telengana areas

17 Atylosia scrabaeoides Kandalu In all forests of AP

18 Bauhinia vahlii Addaku In all forests of AP

19 Blastania garcinii In all forests of AP

20 Butea superba Tigamoduga In all forests of AP

21 Caesalpinia bonduc Gaechakaya In all forests of AP

22 Caesalpinia crista Mulu-tiga In all forests of AP

23 Canavalia virosa Adavi tamba In all forests of AP

24 Cansjera rheedii Moist areas

25 Capparis sepiaria Kallavuppi In all forests of AP

26 Capparis zeylanica Atonda, Adonda In all forests of AP

27 Cardiospermum halicacabum Budda kakara In all forests of AP

28 Carissa inermis In all forests of AP

29 Cayratia auriculata Pallagumodi In all forests of AP

30 Cayratia pedata Gumaditige In all forests of AP

31 Cayratia trifolia Kurudine, Kamputige In all forests of AP

32 Celastrua paniculatus In all forests of AP

33 Ceropegia candelabrum In the interior forests

34 Cissampelos pareira Adavibaketige In all forests of AP

35 Cissus pallida In all forests of AP

36 Cissus quadrangularis Nalleru In all forests of AP

37 Cissus repens Nellaboddu In all forests of AP

38 Cissus vitiginea In all forests of AP

39 Clematis gouriana In the damp areas near water bodies

40 Climatis smilacifolia In the damp areas near water bodies

41 Coccinia grandis Kaidonda In all forests of AP

42 Cocculus hirsutus Dusaratige In all forests of AP

43 Combretum decandrum In all forests of AP

44 Combretum ovalifolium In all forests of AP

47

45 Combretun extensum In all forests of AP

46 Cosmostigma racemosum In the interior forests of Eastern Ghats

47 Cryptolepis buchananii Palatiga, Adavipalateega In all forests of AP

48 Cucumis melo In all forests of AP

49 Cucumis trigonus Adavi-puchcha In all forests of AP

50 Cynanchum callialatum In the interior forests of Eastern Ghats

51 Dalbergia spinosa In the mangove forests

52 Decalepis hamiltonii In the forests of Rayalseema and Sesachalam Hill forests

53 Derris scandens Nallatiga, Sakalutiga In all forests of AP

54 Derris trifoliata Mangrove or tidal spp

55 Dioscorea alata In moister parts of hill forests

56 Dioscorea oppositifolia In all forests of AP

57 Dioscorea pentaphylla In all forests of AP

58 Diplocyclos palmatus Lingadonda In all forests of AP

59 Dolichos trilobus In all forests of AP

60 Entada rheedii Gilatige, Peddamadupu In moister parts of hill forests

61 Ericybe paniculata Putta palateega In moister parts of hill forests

62 Gloriosa superba Adavi nabhi In all forests of AP

63 Gouania leptostachya Penkitiga In moister parts of hill forests of Eastern Ghats

64 Grewia rhamnifolia In all forests of AP

65 Gymnema sylvestre Podapatri In all forests of AP

66 Hemidesmus indicus var indicus Sugandhipala In all forests of AP

67 Hemidesmus indicus var pubescens In all forests of AP

68 Heterostemma tanjorense In the interior forests of Eastern Ghats

69 Hiptage benghalensis Madhabtige, Mutamu In the Sesachalam, Nalamallai and Eastern Ghat

70 Holostemma annulare Dudipalatige In the Sesachalam Hills of Chittor district

71 Ichnocarpus frutescens In all parts of AP, mostly on sides of the forest path

72 Ipomoea alba In all parts of AP

73 Ipomoea asarifolia In all parts of AP

74 Ipomoea barlerioides In the Sesachalam Hills of Chittor district

75 Ipomoea eriocarpa Purutitige In all parts of AP

76 Ipomoea hederifolia In all parts of AP

77 Ipomoea mauritiana Bhuchakragada In the moister parts of the valleys throughout AP

78 Ipomoea nil Jirikakoli In all parts of AP

79 Ipomoea obscura In all parts of AP

80 Ipomoea pes-carpae Chivula pilitige Near water source

81 Ipomoea pes-tigridis Mekameduga In all parts of AP

82 Ipomoea sepiaria Mettatuti In all parts of AP

83 Jasminum angustifolium Chirumalle, Adavimalle In dry deciduous forests of throughout AP

84 Leptadenia reticulata Palateege, Kolasa Not so common in all parts of dry decidous forests of AP

85 Maerua oblongifolia Mostly in the dry deciduous forests

86 Marsdenia tenaicissima Karudushtupatige Mostly in the dry deciduous forests

87 Merremia aegyptica In all parts of AP

88 Merremia hederacea In all parts of AP

89 Merremia tridentata In all parts of AP

90 Merremia vitifolia In all parts of AP

91 Milletia extensa Kondalange dutige In all parts of AP

92 Milletia racemosa In all parts of AP

48

93 Morinda umbellata In Sesachalam Hill Ranges

94 Mucuna monosperma Enugadulagondi Near streams in the hilly areas.

95 Mucuna pruriens Dulagondi In all parts of AP

96 Naravelia zeylanica In most interior ghat areas of Easter Ghats

97 Olax scandens Murikimalu Mostly in the dry deciduous forests

98 Operculina turpethum Tellategada Mostly in the dry deciduous forests

99 Opilia amentacea Mostly in the dry deciduous forests

100 Coscuta reflexa Sitamma pogunalu Mostly in the dry deciduous forests

101 Oxystelma esculenta Dudhipala Near the stagnant water bodies

102 Paederia foetida Savirela In the moister parts of Telengana and coastal districts of AP

103 Paramignya monophylla Interior hills of Eastern Ghats

104 Pentatropis capensis Chekurtitiwa In the drier parts of the outskirts of forests throughout AP

105 Pergularia daemia Jittupaku, Dushtupatige In the drier parts of the outskirts of forests throughout AP

106 Pueraria tuberosa Dari gummadi In the moist localities throughout AP

107 Reissantia indica In the dry hills of Visakhapatnam district

108 Rivea hypocrateriformis A common climber throughout AP (mostly in the outskirts of forests)

109 Rubia cordifolia Manjistha Sesachalam, Eastern Ghats (in the moist shady localities)

110 Salacia reticulata Annkudu chettu, Saptarangini In Chintoor

111 Sarcolobus carcinatus In the mangrove forests

112 Sarcostemma acida Somalata In the drier parts of the outskirts of forests throughout AP

113 Schefflera stellata In the ghat areas of Sesachalam, Srisailam & Eastern Ghat

114 Schefflera venulosa Sukulamadavi In the ghat areas of Sesachalam, Srisailam & Eastern Ghat

115 Solanum trilobatum Outskirts of frests over bush

116 Solena amplexicaulis Thiyyadonda A common climber throughout AP

117 Stephania japonica Not so common in Sesachalam and Eastern Ghats in the moister parts

118 Strophanthus wallichii Circars

119 Strychnos colubrina Nagamusthi Interior forests of Nalamallai

120 Telosma pallida Climber of interior foress

121 Tiliacora acuminata Not so common climber throughout AP

122 Tinospora cordifolia Tippatiga, Somida A common climber throughout AP

123 Toddalia asiatica var floribunda Kondakasinda A common climber throughout AP

124 Trichosanthes cuspidata Avaduta A common climber throughout AP

125 Tylophora indica Mekkanatinnana aku A common climber throughout AP

126 Vallaris solanacea Nityamalle Eastern Ghat

127 Ventilago denticulata A common climber in the dry deciduous forests throughout AP

128 Ventilago madraspatana A common climber in the dry deciduous forests throughout AP

129 Watakakka volubilis Dudhipala A common climber in the dry deciduous forests throughout AP

130 Zizyphus rugosa Goti tige, Pindi parighamu In moist deciduous forest

131 Dioscorea volubilis In dry deciduous forests

132 Dioscorea tomentosa In themoister parts of Sesachalam, Srisailam & Eastern Ghat

133 Gnetum ula In moister parts of Maredimilli and Eastern Ghat

134 Thunbergia fragrans Indra tige In the ghat areas of Sesachalam, Srisailam & Eastern Ghat

49

6 Field Forms

AP Forest Inventory 2006

Plot Approach Form Date (dd/mm/yyyy):

1. Plot No…………………………………………………………… 2. Name of Camping place………………………………………… 3. Time (hrs. at which left the camp)………………………………. 4. Distance covered by vehicle (Km.)……………………………… 5. Name of the place up to which journey was performed by vehicle

(village name etc.) …………………………………………… 6. Time at which started on foot (hrs.)……………………………… 7. Time of reaching the plot centre ………………………………… 8. Plot Center Lat: (DD) …………………. Long: (DD)………………… 9. Plot Northern point Lat: (DD) …………… Long: (DD)……………………... 10. Time of completing the plot ……………………………………..

Plot Description Form

Name of Crew leader Signature of Crew Leader

INCIDENCE DATA 16 Weeds Write Code

17 Grass Write Code

18 Fire Write Code

19 Grazing Write Code

20 Felling Write Code

21 Pest Write Code

Zone Code (Col. No. 1) Division Name (Col. No. 2) Range Name (Col. No. 3) Write Code Write Name of Forest Division Write Name of Forest Range

SOIL DATA 4 Soil depth Write Code

5 Humus Write Code

6 Stoniness Write Code

7 Erosion status Write Code

CROP DATA 8 Origin of stand Write Code

9 Basal area (use wedge prism )

= No. of tally trees x BAF Calculate and Write

10 No. of storeys Write Code

11 Seedling regeneration Write Code

12 Coppice regeneration Write Code

13 Bamboo occurrence Write Code

14 Bamboo flowering Write Code

15 Bamboo regeneration Write Code

CANOPY DENSITY (using densiometer) Location No. of

dots 22 Plot center 23 Northern corner of plot 24 Eastern corner of plot 25 Southern corner of plot 26 Western corner of plot

Field Form No: 1

50

AP Forest Inventory 2006

Tree2 Enumeration Form 1. Plot No………………………………………… Date (dd/mm/yyyy):

2 Only Trees having DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) equal to or more than 10 cm should be included. Height should be measured only in the NE quadrant. In the remaining plot only record DBH for trees.

Field Form No: 2

Tree No.

Species code

Species name or Local Name

DBH (cm)

Tree Height (m)

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Name of Crew Leader Signature of Crew leader

Tree No.

Species code

Species name or Local Name

DBH (cm)

Tree Height (m)

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

51

AP Forest Inventory 2006 – Herbs Form

1. Plot No. Date (dd/mm/yyyy):

Herbs (in 1 x 1 m plot)

Species Name Local Name Number of plants

2. 3. 4.


Field Form No: 3

52

AP Forest Inventory 2006 – Shrubs & Regeneration3 Form 1. Plot No. Date (dd/mm/yyyy):

3 Regeneration of tree species only should be seen.

Regeneration of Tree species (in 3 x 3 m plot)

Species Name or Local Name

Code Category of regeneration

5. 6. 7.

Field Form No: 4

Shrubs (in 3 x 3 m plot) Species Name Local Name Number

of plants

2. 3. 4.


53

AP Forest Inventory 2006 – Climbers Form 1. Plot No. Date (dd/mm/yyyy):

Climber (in NE quadrant of the main plot) Species Name Local Name Number of

plants

2. 3. 4.


Field Form No: 5

AP Forest Inventory 2006 – Bamboo Enumeration Form 1. Plot No. Date (dd/mm/yyyy):

Field Form No: 6

Number of Culms in Clump Number and Height of Culms in Dia. Class 2-5 cm 5-8 cm Above 8 cm

Clump No

Species Name

Clump Girth (m) Curr

ent 1-3

Yrs. 3+ Total

5+6+7 Dry

& Decay

High Cuts No of

Culms Height avg. m

No of Culms

Height avg. m

No of Culms

Height avg. m

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Name of Crew Leader Signature of Crew leader 54

1

Number of Culms in Clump Number and Height of Culms in Dia. Class 2-5 cm 5-8 cm Above 8 cm

Clump No

Species Name

Clump Girth (m) Curr

ent 1-3

Yrs. 3+ Total

5+6+7 Dry

& Decay

High Cuts No of

Culms Height avg. m

No of Culms

Height avg. m

No of Culms

Height avg. m

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30


55

PROJECTS FOR OTHER DEPARTMENTS:•Irrigation – Command Area Mapping

for Godavari valley & Mapping forPolvaram Project

•CEC of Hon’ble Supreme Court of India –Monitoring of Kolleru Lake & Change Analysis for Hussain Sagar

•APSEB – Site Clearance/Alternate paths for Power Lines

•APTDC – Planning for Night Safari Park -Kothaguda, Hyderabad

•HUDA - Mapping of Urban Lakes •MSS Foundation - Mangrove Area mapping

•RWS – Drinking water Pipe line layout for Gangadhara, Karimnagar

•IDC - Micro level Watershed Planning using DGPS

PROJECTS OF APFD:• Generation of State of Forest Report• Site Suitability Analysis for Water

Harvesting Structures • Forest Fire Risk Zonation• Wildlife Habitat Mapping & Bio-Diversity

Characterization• Selection of Suitable Sites for Eco-

tourism• AP Hazard Mitigation Project• Selection of Suitable Sites for Coffee

Plantations• Micro level Watershed Planning using

DGPS• Online Nursery Information System

SERVICES OFFERED BY GEOMATICS CENTRE:

•Consultancy on establishment of new GIS Centre

•Consultancy on Forest Inventory•Consultancy on developing GIS based Decision Support System

•Complete GIS Solutions•Complete surveying solutions using GPS and DGPS

•Database design and development •Image processing and thematic mapping•Trainings on GIS, GPS and Image Processing

•Methodology development for specific applications

•Providing DGPS and GPS on hire

ACTIVITIES OF GEOMATICS CENTRE:•Creation of Spatial (Geographic) database•Annual Monitoring of Forest Cover using Remote Sensing and GIS

•Forest Inventory•Providing inputs for planning at State, Division and VSS level

•Monitoring and evaluation of AP Community Forestry Management and other projects

•Developing Decision Support System•Dissemination of information online•Training to forest department officials of

AP and other states •Support to State and Central government

organizations •Research and Development in Geomatics

Trainings

Differential GPS Golden Icon for e-Gov initiative

GEOMATICS CENTRE, DULLAPALLI

Facilities

Documents

Field Manual for Forest Inventory