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Figure 6.1_1Sunlight energy
ECOSYSTEM
Photosynthesisin chloroplasts
Cellular respirationin mitochondria
(for cellularwork)
Heat energy
GlucoseCO2
H2O O2
ATP
Figure 6.2_1Breathing
Lungs
BloodstreamCO2
Muscle cells carrying out
Cellular Respiration
Glucose O2 CO2 H2O ATP
CO2O2
O2
Figure 6.4
Activity kcal consumed per hourby a 67.5-kg (150-lb) person*
Running (8–9 mph)
Dancing (fast)
Bicycling (10 mph)
Swimming (2 mph)
Walking (4 mph)
Walking (3 mph)
Dancing (slow)
Driving a car
Sitting (writing)
*Not including kcal needed forbody maintenance
979
510
490
408
341
245
204
61
28
Figure 6.5A
Glucose Heat
C6H12O6 O2 CO2 H2O ATP6 6 6
Loss of hydrogen atoms(becomes oxidized)
Gain of hydrogen atoms(becomes reduced)
Figure 6.7Ca_s2 Glucose
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Glyceraldehyde3-phosphate (G3P)
ENERGYINVESTMENT
PHASE
PP
P P
P
P
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
StepSteps – A fuelmolecule is energized,using ATP.
Step A six-carbonintermediate splitsinto two three-carbonintermediates.
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
Figure 6.7Cb_s2
66 6
5 5 5
9
9 9
8 8
7 7
Step A redox reactiongenerates NADH.
Steps – ATP and pyruvateare produced.
ENERGYPAYOFFPHASE
1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate
3-Phospho-glycerate
2-Phospho-glycerate
Phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP)
Pyruvate
NADH NADH
NADNAD
H H
ADP ADP
ADP ADP
ATP ATP
ATP ATP
H2O H2O
P P
P
P P
P
P
P
P
P P
P
P
P
Figure 6.9B_s3
NADH
NADH
NAD
NAD
NADNADH
H
H
H
CO2
CO2
ATP
ADP P
FAD
FADH2
CoA
CoA
321 4 5
34
5
1
2
Acetyl CoA
Oxaloacetate
Citric Acid Cycle
2 carbons enter cycle
Citrate
leaves cycle
Alpha-ketoglutarate
leaves cycle
Succinate
Malate
StepAcetyl CoA stokesthe furnace.
Steps –NADH, ATP, and CO2
are generated during redox reactions.
Steps –Further redox reactions generateFADH2 and more NADH.
Figure 6.5C
Controlledrelease ofenergy forsynthesisof ATP
NADH
NAD
H
H O2
H2O
2
2
2
ATP
Electron transport chain
21
Figure 6.10
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis
Mito-chondrialmatrix
Inner mito-chondrialmembrane
Intermem-branespace
Electronflow
Proteincomplexof electroncarriers
Mobileelectroncarriers
ATPsynthase
NADH NAD 2 H
FADH2FAD
O2H2O
ADP P ATP
12
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
I
II
IIIIV
Figure 6.6_1
NADH
NADH FADH2
ATP ATPATP
CYTOPLASM
Glycolysis
Electronscarried by NADH
Glucose Pyruvate PyruvateOxidation
Citric AcidCycle
OxidativePhosphorylation
(electron transportand chemiosmosis)
Mitochondrion
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Substrate-levelphosphorylation
Oxidativephosphorylation
Figure 6.7A
Glucose
2 Pyruvate
2 ADP
2 P2 NAD
2 NADH
2 HATP2