PRODUCTION

END OF LIFE

PLASTIC

DRILLINGENERGYWATER CO2 WASTE

CO2VAPOR

CO2WASTE

CO2WASTE

DISTILLATINGHEAT

TREATINGSULFURIC ACID

DRYING AGENTSHYDROGEN SULFIDE

WATER

BLENDINGHEAT

POLYMERIZATIONCHEMICAL methylaluminoxane

PROCESSINGCHEMICALHYDROCARBON DILUENT

POLYPROPYLENE HDPE

CARBON

LANDFILLINGFOSSIL FUELS WASTEPOLLUTION

RECYCLEDENERGYHEAT

ASSEMBLYENERGY

USEPAPERWASTE

PACKAGE WASTEPAPER

BIC

BALL

POIN

T PE

NLIFE CYCLE

CO2, SULFUR DIOXIDE

MINING

ENERGYCOPPER

ZINC

VAPOR

OXIDE

OXIDE

ACID BATH

METAL / BRASS

MELTING

HOT ROLLING

ANNEALING

COLD ROLLING

HEATENERGY

NITROGEN

HEATENERGY

ENERGYGAS

COAL

ENERGY FINISH ROLLING

ENERGY

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE

COMPRESSING

MINNING

HEATENERGY

ENERGY

CO2

LAPPINGENERGYWATER

SANDINGENERGYWATER

WATERWASTE

WATERWASTE

INJECTION MOLDING

HEAT PUNCHINGENERGY COOLANTSCRAP

1112 F / 600 C

CO2

CO2

CO2SCRAP

MATERIAL

CO2SCRAP

MATERIAL

CO2SCRAP MATERIAL

PACKAGING

PAPERINK

PLASTICADHESIVE

CO2SCRAP

MATERIAL

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2

WATERWASTECO2

CO2

USE

SynonimsPp peBic penBallpoint pen

Technical terms jargonInjection moldingPunchingMinning oilPolymerazationExtraction copper brass zincTungsten carbideProcess methodMeltingCo2 emisionsfootprint

Slang / informal wordsPlasticMetal ballpoint pen

Related conceptsSales MarketingProduction

Broader terms and conceptsCo2 emisions pp pe productionEmisions injection moldingEmisions tungsten carbide

Narrower termsBrass tip ballpoint pen

KEYW

ORD

SSO

URC

ES

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Ballpoint-Pen.html#b2/1/13

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1j9_Y8hwRI2/1/13

http://www.thepenguy.com/resources/bic_pens_history.htm2/1/13

http://www.bicworld.comhttp://www.carbideprocessors.com/pages/carbide--parts/tungsten-carbide-tips.html

http://www.design-technology.org/injectionmoulding.htm

Swift, K. G. Process selection : from design to manufacture. Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003. Print

DIANE Publishing Company. Managing Industrial Solid Wastes from Manufactur-ing, Mining, Oil & Gas Production, & Util-ity Coal Combustion. DIANE Publishing, 1995. E-Book

Acton, Johnny and Tania Adams, Matt Packer. The Origin of Everyday Things. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2006. Print

Leimkuhler, Hans-Joachim. Managing CO2 Emissions in the Chemical Industry.. John Wiley & Sons, 2010. Print

IND 487/587P SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION METHODSPROFESSOR: FRANK MILLEROSPRING 13

MARIANA ARRIOJAOBJECT LESSON

TUNGSTEN

RAW MATERIALS

IND 487/587P SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION METHODSPROFESSOR: FRANK MILLEROSPRING 13

MARIANA ARRIOJAOBJECT LESSON

BIC

BALL

POIN

T PE

NMATERIALS PRODUCTION

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

CO2

%

MATERIAL

COMPONENT

PRODUCTION METHOD

CAP

(PP) POLYPROPYLENE

INJECTION MOLDING MIXING

BARREL

(HDPE) HIGH DENSITY POLYETYLENE

INK

DYES ,RESINS, PIGMENTSSURFACTNTS, THICKENERSPRESERVATIVES

STORYThis is not the study of a product that I have owned for many years specifically, but ironically so, I have owned more than a hundred of them. The Bic pen is the first ballpoint pen ever invented. The reason I chose this product, is because as a pen and writing aficionado myself, I consider this product to be the best writing tool ever created.

It is made for doodling, writing in someone else’s desk, a postcard or the next best selling novel.

Invented in 1931 by Lazlo Biro

Patented in 1945 by Bich

Price $.50 cents each

1 million pens sold every hour

Sold in 160 countries

FACTS

Writes for 2 kilometers

MOMA permanent exhibit

Headquarters: Clichy, France.

AssemblyThe plastic cartridges are �lled with ink, then they are attached to the ball point. At this stage, other components such as the cap and ends are incorporated. Other �nishing steps, such as adding coatings or decorations or performing a �nal cleaning, are also done.

PackagingThe �nished pens are then packaged according to how they will be sold. Single pens can be put into blister packages with cardboard backings. Groups of pens are packed into bags or boxes. These sales units are then put into boxes, stacked on pallets, and shipped to distributors.

Transportation accounts for 57% of emissions and 3 % of the �ows.

MATERIAL CONTENT FOR EACH PEN

MANUFACTURING79% of BIC pens are made in Bic-owned factories. These factories are i

implementing annual energy and water consumption, CO2 emissions and waste.

1.11% of tonne is CO2.

Plastic pellets are heated through a barrel and then the melted plastic is injected into a mold.

Plastic pellets are heated through a barrel and then the melted plastic is injected into a mold.

Is made up of dyes, resins and solvents to create the right viscosity, to create this fast dry ink. The ink is housed in a plastic tube, which is form by being heated and then extruded through a bath of water.

pigment

lubricant

thickener

INK

heating

plastic pellets

mold

PUNCHINGCOMPRESSINGLAPPING

BALL BEARING

TUGSTEN CARBIDE

POINT

BRASS

Tungsten carbide powder is compressed, creating 1mm pellets. Then they are sanded with a dia-mond paste in a lapping machine and lubricant is added. This is done for over 5 days.

This socket point, made out of brass is punched out. Then the ball bearing is mounted into the point.

compression

lapping

sandingwith diamond dust

ram

plungerdie casting

metal

RAW MATERIAL88 %

PRODUCTION7 %

DISTRIBUTION4 %

END OF LIFE1 %

Plasticsand metalsfrom drilling to delivery

ENERGY TO MOLDTHE PLASTIC, MANUFACTUREAND ASSEMBLE

RESOURCES USEDWHILE USING PRODUCT

TRANSPORTATION TO STORES

5 grams of plastic

6.8 ml of crude oil

5 grams of brass

1 grams of carbide tungsten

BIC

BALL

POIN

T PE

NIND 487/587P SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION METHODSPROFESSOR: FRANK MILLEROSPRING 13

MARIANA ARRIOJAOBJECT ANALYSIS

- multiple use- easy to use - glass ink bottles can be re�lled or reused- maintains original qualities- higher value

- recycled material-

- Maintain relative low cost and price- Add emotional value- Reduce raw material used- Maintain qualitY, ease of use, main features- Extend product life- Use recycled materials

END OF LIFERAW MATERIALS

PROPOSED SOLUTION

Resource depletion (fossil fuels, fresh water, metals)

Ecological Damage (Global warming, Ozone depletion, acid rain, habitat alteration, ecotoxicity)

Human health Damage (air pollutans, carcinogens, health damaging substances)

STAGES ADDRESSED

KEY POINTS

IMPACTS ADDRESSEDDESIGN CRITERIA

Re�llable cartridges system.

A ballpoint pen that uses re�llable cartridges with incorporated suction system.

Glass ink bottles engraved with logo. They can re�ll many cartridges and can later reused.

REFILLABLE CARTRIDGES

MATERIAL

RECONCEPTUALIZATION

- easy to implement- same pen- maintains original qualities

KEY POINTS

Same pen, di�erent materials.

Post consumer recycled materials-plastic- replacement of brass for nickel.

Collection system in stores like: staples, o�cedepot, etc. User will get a discount for nextpurchase.

RECYLED MATERIALS

END OF LIFERAW MATERIALS

STAGES ADDRESSED

USE