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A

PROJECT REPORT

on

“COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF

FROOTI AND

IT’S COMPETITORS”

Submitted To

KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA

In partial fulllment of requirement for the award of

Master of Science (M.Sc.) Microbiology

(Session 2014-2015)

Submitte to! Submite b"!

Dr. Neena Puri DeepuKoul

H.O.D. M.Sc. (Microbiology)

Microbiology Department

G.N.K. College, Yamuna Nagar

GURU NANAK KHALSA COLLEGE YAMUNANAGAR

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Comparative Analyi O! Frooti An"

It’Competitor#carried out at “PARLE A$RO# is my work submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirement for Degree of MASTE !" S#IE$#EI$ MI#!%I!&!'()M*Sc+,

from -..-S/ETA .$I0ESIT(, -..-S/ETA and not submitted for the award

of any degree

DEE1. -!.&

M*Sc* )Microbiology+

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C(APTE

R NOC(APTER NAME

PA$E

NO

+ INTROD,CTION

E5E#.TI0E S.MME(

ESEA#/ !%6E#TI0ES

ESEA#/ DESI'$ A$D MET/!D!&!'(

- .AC%$RO,ND OF TOPIC

I$D.ST( I$T!D.#TI!$

1A&E A'! 1!D.#TS

"I$A$#IA& 1E"!MA$#E

I$D.ST( S.STAI$A%I&IT(

%A$D E7.IT(#!M1ETIT!S !" "!!TI

/ PROFILE OF T(E OR$ANISATION

1A&E A'!

0 MICRO.IOLO$ICAL TESTIN$ OF .EVERA$ES1

DRIN%IN$ &ATER

2 ANALYSIS OF DATA

3 CONCL,SION AND FINDIN$S

"I$DI$'

#!$#&.SI!$

4 APPENDICES

7.ESTI!$$AIE%I%&I!'A1/(

E*EC,TIVE S,MMARY

1rogress is a continuous process* It is relati2e and absolute* 8e cannot stop at a certain

destination and declare that target has been achie2ed and we need not to go further*

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In this new are all the countries 9 their companies are trying their best to impro2e economic

growth* This trend has created a 2ery comple3 9 competiti2e en2ironment in the field of

business, trend 9 win the race a new system of management is much needed* To fulfill this

need a new field of modern science has de2eloped 2ery fast i*e* Master of Management* In

this curriculum there are se2eral phases, which ha2e to be co2ered 9 compelled properly*

The e3perience that I ha2e gathered during this period has certainly pro2ided me with an

orientation which, I belie2e, will help me to shoulder my assignment successfully in near

future* During this period, I ha2e collected all the information of :#ompetiti2e analysis of

"rooti and its competitors; through primary data which were a2ailable at the Mumbai*

!n the basis of my training program, I ha2e tried my best to arrange my work in symmetric

way* /owe2er to co2er the detailed information in such a short period was not possible*

Despite the inherent shortcomings of the study, a genuine attempt was made on my part see

that the study was carried out in the right respecti2e*

%e it a big city or a remote 2illage of India, the 1arle agro name symboli4es quality, health

and great taste< And this reputation has been built, by constantly inno2ating and catering to

new tastes* Due to change in market scenario i*e* rising trend in !rgani4ed retailing, the

distributors of 1arle agro product would like to know where its products are better placed*

O.5ECTIVES OF T(E ST,DY

= To e2aluate the major competitors of frooti in the market*

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>* Secondary data

Secondarydata consistsof information that alreadye3ists andthat was collected in

the past forsomeother purposes*

Sample Dei6n7

Si4eof SampleB Thesample si4e selected fortheresearch is > in the areaof

Mumbai

1arameters ofInterestsBThemajorparameter ofinterest is the subgroupofpeople

who are workingprofessionaland web sa22yha2ingane3periencein onlineshopping* Thetwo othersubsidiaryparameters ofinterest areB

oThe respondent shouldalsoha2e an e3periencegroceryshopping*

oAnd the femalerespondent who ha2e an onlineshoppinge3perience*

Samplin6Te89ni:)e7

Strati!ie" amplin6;

+ Stratification is the process of di2iding members of the population into homogeneoussubgroups before sampling* The strata should be mutually e3clusi2eB e2ery element in the

population must be assigned to only one stratum* The strata should also be collecti2ely

e3hausti2eB no population element can be e3cluded* Then simple random sampling or

systematic sampling is applied within each stratum* This often impro2es the

representati2eness of the sample by reducing sampling error .

LIMITATIONS

= Some of the responses might be biased*

> Most of the sur2ey was carried out in and around Alwar*

C It is wholly based on primary data*

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_random_samplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_samplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic_samplinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_random_sampling


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IND,STRY INTROD,CTION

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1arle 1roducts 12t &td based in Mumbai, India has been Indias largest manufacturer of

biscuits and confectionery, for almost years* Makers of the worlds largest selling biscuit,

1arleF', and a host of other 2ery popular brands* Its reach spans e2en to the remotest 2illages

of India* Many of the 1arle products F biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their

category and ha2e won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since =GH=* 8ith a @ share of the

total biscuit market and a =J share of the total confectionery market in India, 1arle hasgrown to become a multiFmillion dollar company*1arle Agro is a food and be2erage company

based in Mumbai, India*

1arle Agro F a trusted name in the be2erage industry for agro based drinks* 1arle Agro is

a leading Indian %e2erage #ompany, the only Indian transnational giant with the past

e3perience of ha2ing successfully launched leading soft drink brands like "rooti, Appy

#lassic, AppyF "i44, %ailley 1ackaged Drinking 8ater 9 #onfectionery brands like Mintro3

and %uttercup* 1arle Agro strength is our people who ha2e worked towards making our

presence felt throughout the country and all o2er the world through a strong Mumbai see

network and wellFde2eloped strong infrastructure* 1arle Agro has its factories located in

Sil2assa, 1atalganga, %hopal, #hennai, 'ha4iabad and /yderabad* At 1arle Agro, success is a

habitK where greater heights are achie2ed through consumer insight, sound business practices,

marketing and sales inno2ation, with the focus on the consumer* Thinking consumer, Tasting

success, Always F that is what 1arle Agro is all about*

9

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confectioneryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confectioneryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle-Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confectioneryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parle-Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India


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In the =GJs the undi2ided #hauhan family manufactured be2erages, water,

confectionery, biscuits, etc* under its registered brand name 1arle*

!2er the years, the group split into three different companies L 1arle Agro, 1arle

%isleri and 1arle 1roducts* #urrently, all three are separate companies with separate

ownership and management* They also ha2e different products manufactured under them* All

three companies continue to use the family trademark name L 1arle? under which the current

companies are named*

1arle Agro commenced operations in =G@* Starting with only be2erages and

di2ersifying to include bottled water in =GGC and confectionery in >H* "rooti was the first

product that was rolled out of 1arle Agro in =GJ* It went on to become India?s fa2ouritemango drink* It still has a leading market share*

Mr* 1rakash #hauhan is the E3ecuti2e #hairman of 1arle Agro*

Schauna #hauhan is the #E! of parleagro *

Alisha chauhanis the Director of parle agro *

$adia chauhan is the Director of parleagro *

1arle Agro is an Indian company in the be2erages industry and has brands like "rooti,

consistent winner of Indias fruit be2erage brand, Appy, Appy "i44 and packaged drinking

water, %ailley*

A pioneer in the Indian industry, 1arle Agro is associated with many firsts* They were the first

to introduce fruit drinks in tetra packaging, first to introduce apple nectar and the first to

introduce fruit drinks in 1ET bottles

In >, 1arle Agro forayed into foods with the launch of two confectionery brands,

Mintro3 mints and %uttercup candies* This was soon followed by two more brands F

%uttercup Softease and Softease Mithai*

ecent be2erage products from 1arle Agro include Saint 6uice, &M$ and 'rappo "i44* In

>G, 1arle Agro forayed into snacks with the launch of /ippo, in line with the company?s2ision of becoming a major player in the foods and be2erages industry*

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Parle a6ro pro")8t

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1arle Agro 12t* &td operates under three business 2erticalsB N %e2erages L fruit

drinks, nectars, = 6uice, sparkling drinks N 8ater L 1ackaged Drinking 8ater N "oods L

confectionery, snacks

+' .EVERA$ES ;

"rootiB &aunched in =GJ as a mango drink, "rooti is the first be2erage to be launched in tetra

packaging in India* "rooti is India?s fa2orite Mango drink and is ranked amongst the most

trusted brands in numerous national sur2eys

A< Appy Clai8;

&aunched in =GO as an apple nectar and originally a2ailable in a white tetra pack with an

apple and leaf graphic, today it comes in black tetra packaging* Appy remains the first apple

nectar to be launched in India*

.< Appy Fi==;

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&aunched in >J, Appy "i44 is India?s first sparkling apple drink a2ailable in a champagne

shaped 1ET bottle* #onsidered the #hampagne? of "ruit drinks

Appy "i44 is a one of a kind product in the be2erage market * ecently, Appy "i44 has been

gi2en a makeo2er in terms of a new packaging*

Saint 6uiceB &aunched in >, Saint 6uice is a2ailable in three 2ariants L !range, Mi3ed

fruit, 'rape and Apple* Saint 6uice is = juice with no added color, sugar or preser2ati2es*

C< LMN;

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&aunched in >G, &M$ is a fresh take on nimbupani* It contains real lemon juice and has

no artificial fla2ors or preser2ati2es* &M$ works as an Emergency &emon efresher?, and

tastes closest to authentic nimbupani*

D< $rappo Fi==;

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&aunched in >, 'rappo "i44 is a sparkling grape juice drink* #redited with creating the

sparkling fruit drinks category in India

'rappo "i44 is along the lines of e3isting product Appy "i44* It is purpleFred in color and has

no close competition in the market* >* C* Snacks 9 #onfectionery*

E< (ippo

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/I11! is a baked snack with the goodness of wheat* It is a2ailable in se2en fla2ors from

around the world F Italian 1i44a, #hinese Manchurian, /otFnFSweet Tomato, Thai #hilli,

(oghurt Mint #hutney, Indian #hatpatta and Arabian Salted* These baked wheat munchies

ha2e no added MS', no 'M!, no cholesterol and 4ero transFfat*

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

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In today?s global marketplace, where growth 2ia acquisition is prominent, the key to

sustained positi2e financial performance is the ability to understand and respond to consumer

demands and competiti2e pressures while reducing cost of production*

IND,STRY S,STAINA.ILITY

Manufacturers want to ha2e a positi2e impact on society and the en2ironment* In addition,

they want to turn sustainability challenges into business ad2antages* At the heart of a wellF

planned sustainability program is the belief that corporate in2estment in en2ironmental and

social responsibility must strengthen business performance to be successful* It must reduce

en2ironmental impact, achie2e genuine economy in the use of resources, deli2er a return on

in2estment, and enhance the equity of your company* Through automation, three major

sustainability objecti2es can be addressedB N Energy conser2ation and efficiency N

En2ironmental responsibility and resource management N Safety for workers, machinery,

processes and products

.RAND E>,ITY

#ustomer loyalty is key to the success of your business, and maintaining customer loyalty is

achie2ed through consistently manufacturing highFquality products, batch after batch* In

doing so you add 2alue to your brand

COMPETITORS OF FROOTI

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Maa=a is a #ocaF#ola fruit drink brand marketed in India and %angladesh Mango drinks

currently account for G of the fruit juice market in India* Maa4a currently dominates the

fruit drink category and competes with 1epsis Sli8e brand of mango drink and Frooti,

manufactured by 1arle Agro*

(itory

Maa4a was launched in =GHO in India* The .nion %e2erages "actory, based in the .nited

Arab Emirates, began selling Maa4a as a franchisee in the Middle East and Africa in =GHO*

%y =GGJ, it had acquired rights to the Maa4a brand in these countries through Maa4a

International #o & Dubai* In India ,Maa4a was acquired by #ocaF#ola India in =GGC from

1arleF%isleri along with other brands such as &imca, #itra, Thums .p and 'old Spot* As for

$orth America, Maa4a was acquired by /ouse of Spices in >J*

Sli8e ; P)re Man6o Plea)re

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.ran" (itory

Slice was launched in India in =GGC as a refreshing mango drink and quickly went on to

become a leading player in the category*In >, Slice was relaunched with a winning

product formulation which made the consumers fall in lo2e with its taste*

.ran" A"vanta6e

8ith the launch of :Aamsutra; campaign in > along with a winning taste 9 most

appealing pack graphics, Slice created disrupti2e e3citement in the category and celebrated

mango indulgence like no other*As a first e2er by any brand in the 6uice and 6uice Drinks

#ategory, %ollywood?s reigning Di2a, -atrina -aif was signed on as the %rand Ambassador

on Slice*

.ran" (itory

Tropicana was founded in %radenton, "lorida, .SA, in =G@H* And is now enjoyed almost

e2erywhere in the world* #arefully nurtured for o2er J years, it has matured into one of

the most respected be2erage brands* Today it is the 8orlds no* = juice brand and is

a2ailable in OC countries* Since =GG, it has been owned by 1epsi#o, Inc* Tropi8ana

Premi)m $ol" ?a re;la)n89e" a Tropi8ana +@@ in year -@@B'

.ran" A"vanta6e

It continues to select the best in fruit to craft highFquality juices, create original products,

pioneer inno2ati2e processes and e3plore new markets for its products* It is de2oted

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towards a healthful lifestyle by ensuring that the products are naturally nutritious and

pro2ide the daily benefits that one needs*

DA.,R REAL FR,IT 5,ICE

eal has been the preferred choice of consumers when it comes to packaged fruit juices,

which is what makes Indias $o* = "ruit 6uice brand* A 2alidation of this success is that Pal

has been awarded India?s Most Trusted %rand? status for four years in a row*

eal is endorsed by 1"$DAI

The nutritional contents of Pal "ruit 6uices 9 $ectars are endorsed by 1"$DAI FF 1rotein

"oods 9 $utrition de2elopment Association of India*

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$ODRE5 5,MPIN MAN$O 5,ICE

The foods di2ision of 'odrej Industries produces and markets edible oils, 2anaspati, fruitdrinks, fruit nectar and bakery fats* The di2ision has two stateFofFtheFart manufacturing

facilitiesB at 8adala in Mumbai, the capital of the western Indian state of MaharashtraK and at

Mandideep near %hopal in the northern Indian state of Madhya 1radesh*

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PROFILE OF T(E OR$ANISATION

MISSION

“8e will be the leaders in our business by L maintaining high quality, introducing new and

inno2ati2e products, reaching e2ery part of India, remaining customerFcentric, constantly

upgrading our knowledge and skills*;

:To pro2ide consumers superior, wholesome agro based food and drink bands through

which 1arle can build a profitableK growth oriented organi4ation*;

(ISTORY

In =G>G a small company by the name of 1arle products emerged in %ritish dominated India*

The intent was to spread joy and cheer to children and adults alike, all o2er the country with

its sweets and candies* The company knew that it wouldnt be an easy task, but they decided

to take the bra2e step* A small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai, to manufacture

sweets and toffees* Apart from the factories in Mumbai and %angalore 1arle also has factories

in %angalore 1arle also has factories in %ahadurgarh in /aryana and $eman in ajasthan,

which are the largest biscuit and confectionary plants in the country* Additionally, 1arle

products also ha2e H manufacturing units and J= manufacturing units on contract*

O.5ECTIVE7 ;

To build successful channel relationships )2endor to partner+

To assess the critical success factors when selling through distributors

To outline terms and conditions for establishing partnerships

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To integrate sales and marketing objecti2es

>)ality A)ran8e

All the products of 1arle Agro 12t* &td* are manufactured under the most hygienic conditions*

'reat care is e3ercised in the selection 9 quality control of raw materials, packaging

materials* igid quality standards are ensured at e2ery stage of the manufacturing process*

E2ery batch of drink, packaged drinking water and confectioneries are thoroughly checked by

quality e3perts using the most modern equipment*

!ur drinks are made a2ailable in Tetra 1acks and 1et %ottles which retains the freshness of the drink for a long time* The special technology used in the packaging keeps the drink fresh

for a longer period of time* !wing to all these reasons, our products ha2e been awarded with

IS! certification* Thus we are engaged in pro2iding the new generation consumers with

healthy and delicious drink to refresh*

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In!ratr)8t)re

"or the brands "rooti, Appy #lassic and Appy "i44, 1arle Agro 12t* &td* has strategically

located manufacturing facilities at 1atalganga, %hopal, #hennai, /yderabad and 'ha4iabad*

8e ha2e franchisee location at -olkata, 'uwahati, Ambala and 6harkhand* The locations of

these units ensure a constant output and easy distribution* Each factory has stateFofFtheFart

machinery with automatic packaging facilities*

The plant that produces %ailley meets the stringent requirements of the %IS norms

comprising of chemical and microbiological tests* All the plants adhere to the recommendedInternational #ode of 1ractices and the 'eneral 1rinciples of "ood /ygiene*

The stateFofFtheFart plants also minimi4e the wastage and render high yield* 8e ha2e strength

of highly qualified and e3perienced team of dedicated engineers* These engineers along with

our team of 9D professionals are constantly in2ol2ed in inno2ating 2arious techniques and

methods to add 2alue to the industry* The e3tensi2e distribution network, built o2er the years,

is a major strength for our company, since it helps us to make a2ailable to consumers our

products e2en in the most remote places*

PROD,CT RAN$E

• :"!!TI; L Mango Drink

• :A11(; L Apple Drink

• :A11( "IQQ; L #arbonated Apple Drink

• :%AI&&E(; L 1ackaged Drinking 8ater

Primary Competitive A"vanta6e

• 1roducts are manufactured under the most hygienic conditions

• The drinks are made a2ailable in a Tetra 1ak and 1et %ottles

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• /ealthy and nutritious alternati2e which are also delicious

• Access to best quality fruits

• Strategically located manufacturing facilities

• StateFofFtheFart manufacturing plants

• An e3tensi2e distribution network

Memer9ip

• Agricultural and 1rocessed "ood 1roducts E3ports De2elopments Authority )A1EDA+

• "ederation of Indian #hambers of #ommerce and Industry )"I##I+

• 1roject E3ports 1romotion #ouncil of India )1E1#+

• "ederation of Indian E3port !rgani4ations )"IE!+

Stan"ar" Certi!i8ation

IS! certification /A##1 certification

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MICRO.IOLO$ICAL TESTIN$ OF .EVERA$ES1

DRIN%IN$ &ATER

INTROD,CTION

The consumer?s steadily growing requirements for the quality and the longer shelf life of

foods and be2erages must be met by the manufacturer*

7uality assurance can?t be limited to inspection of the final product alone, such as a bottled

be2erage or a prepared food product* Instead, continuous inspection of incoming raw

materials and inFprocess quality control tests must be performed throughout production*

Microbiological and aseptic testing play a significant role in such quality assurance*

In the soft drink industry the microbiological and hygienic quality including the biological

stability of the products are important criteria for their assessment* The reasonB just a few

microbes are often all it takes to spoil large quantities of a be2erage* Although the e3plosi2e

technological de2elopment has reduced the risk of contamination by spoiling microbes, the

issue of shelf life has taken on new dimensions as a result of the enormous production output

possibilities of today* 7uality control of bottling and filling, in terms of chemical and, abo2e

all, biological stability, must be adapted to this de2elopment by stateFofFtheFart test methods*

The requirements for a practical microbiological test method are that it permits quantitati2e

and reproducible detection of trace contamination and that it can be performed efficiently and

economically under routine conditions*

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These requirements are fulfilled optimally by the membrane filter method* The principle of

this method is based on the concentration of microorganisms from relati2ely large samples on

the surface of the membrane filter, and on culturing these microbes on a nutrient pad or an

agar culture medium*

T(E MEM.RANE FILTER MET(OD

De8ription

The Membrane "ilter Method A membrane filter of the appropriate pore si4e is placed in a

filter holder, and the sample is filtered* In this process microorganisms in the test sample are

retained

on the filter surface by the screening action of the membrane filter*

'rowth inhibitors can be remo2ed by flushing the membrane with sterile $a#l solution after

filtration* Afterwards, the membrane filter is placed on a culture medium and incubated*

"or the Monitor M"FMethode the monitor is ready to use due to a preFasembled membrane

and pad inside* The nutrient media is added from the top and sucked into the pad by a short

2acuum

)R= sec*+ After remo2al of the funnel the lid and the base fit to a petri dish* $utrients and

metabolites are e3changed through the pore system of the membrane filter* #olonies, which

ha2e de2eloped on the membrane filter surface during incubation, are counted and related to

the sample 2olume*

T9e A"vanta6e7

L 1roofen accuracy #ompared with the direct method, considerably larger sample 2olumes

can be tested* This concentration effect increases the accuracy of microbial detection*

L 7uantitati2e resultsThe 2isible colonies can be related directly to the sample 2olume*

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L Documentation

The membrane filter with colony growth can be filed as a permanent record of the test*

No In9iitor

Inhibitors, such as essential oils or disinfectants, can be flushed from the membrane filter

after filtration*

$MP >)ality

Sartorius Stedim %iotech Membrane "ilters are manufactured under 'M1 conditions,

ensuring consistently quality and high reproducibility from batch to batch and within each

batch*

T9e C)lt)re Me"ia

Microorganisms can be detected by different methods* Methods in2ol2ing culturing

techniques

and the microscope are used to detect microbes, whereas biochemical and serological

techniques are commonly applied to differentiate among such organisms* "or detecting

microorganisms in cultures, liquid and solid culture media are employed* Microorganisms are

concentrated by growth in or on these culture media* 7uantitati2e detection is only possible

with solid culture media because the indi2idually de2eloping colonies can be e2aluated and

counted on the surface*

The following culture media can be used for microbiological testingB

L N)trient Pa" Set

N)trient Pa" Set "e!initely optimi=e t9e memrane !ilter met9o"'

T9ey tan"ar"i=e mi8roiolo6i8al tet pro8e")re1 main6 t9em m)89 more e!!i8ient'

T9e impli!y laoratory ?or'

T9ey 9elp to ave time an" money'

L Absorbent pads to be wetted with culture media* L #ulture media with agar or gelatin as the

solidifying agent* The nutrient 1ad Sets are described on the following pages and certainly

offer the most con2enient way to use the membrane filter method*

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N,TRIENT PAD SETS

Sartorius Stedim %iotech $utrient 1ad Sets ha2e been used successfully in the membrane

filter method for o2er > years* 1ractical and easy to handle, they reduce labor and simplify

many microbiological testing procedures*

$utrient pads are sterile, dehydrated culture media* !nce they are moistened with C*LC*J ml

of sterile and deminerali4ed )or distilled+ water they are ready to use immediately*

The le2el of moisture is optimal when an e3cess ring of water surrounding the pad is 2isible*All N)trient Pa" Set type are )pplie" ?it9 t9e appropriate memrane !ilter1 ?9i89

are alo preterili=e" an" in"ivi")ally pa8a6e" or "ipener;rea"y pa8a6e" on a an"

!or t9e )e ?it9 t9e Mi8roart e'motion "ipener'

The membrane filters tailored to meet the special requirements of microbial detection are

a2ailable with @H mm or J mm diameters*

$utrient pad sets )$1S+ are continuously enhanced as part of our de2elopment program to

adapt our products to changing application requirements* %esides the new $1S types, we

ha2e also updated our packaging design* The standard $1S bo3 contains = sterile nutrient

pads, each of

which is indi2idually inserted in a petri dish and sterili4ed* Ten each of these petri dishes are

sealed in an aluminum bag* This special packaging in bags protects the sensiti2e formula

constituents of the nutrient pads during transport and storage from fluctuations in humidity

and

temperature* As a result, it guarantees the high quality of our $1S throughout their entire

shelf life of up to >@ months*

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(o? to ,e N)trient Pa" Set

It?s so easy to use $utrient 1ad SetsB $1S and go %efore starting with the tests remo2e

e2erything that is not essentially needed for this work* #arefully clean and disinfect your working area* "or simple microbiological tests a laminar flow bo3 is not needed* 8hen used

unprofessionally, a laminar flow bo3 increases the risk of secondary contamination instead of

protecting from it* A good protection against airborne contamination, howe2er, is to work

close to the flame of a %unsen burner* Instruments like forceps should be placed into a glass

with alcohol*

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De8ription an" Typi8al $ro?t9 Eval)ation Re)lt

Cao NPS

Type =@OC

SoybeanF#asein Digest medium for isolating microorganisms and for determining the total#f. count* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in pharmaceuticals,

cosmetics, raw materials, water )general quality+, waste water, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )dairy+, A1/A )food+, A1/A )water+, A!A#, DA%, E' GC, E1, "DA, ID", IS!

HH@, IS! =GG, IS! GCF= =GGU, IS! GCF= >=U, .SDA, .S1

In8)ation Con"ition7

%acteriaB R C days at CLCJV#(easts and moldsB R J days at CLCJV#

Eval)ation an" Typi8al Re)lt7

1redominantly bacteria of different si4es, shapes and colors* emarksB Depending on the

microbes to be detected, this medium can be con2erted into a selecti2e one* 8hen = serum

is added to the wetting liquid a number of fastidious pathogenic bacteria like the genera

1neumococcus, $eisseria, Streptococcus, #orynebacterium, Erysipelothri3 and %rucella are

able to grow on the medium*

R-A NPS

Type =@@

&ow nutrient medium for the enumeration of heterophilic organisms in treated potable water

and highly purified water* 'rowth medium for microorganisms which ha2e adapted to the

particular li2ing conditions of water low in nutrients* Dehydrated culture medium for

culti2ating microorganisms in water for pharmaceutical purpose, water )general quality+,

waste water and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )water+, E1, IS! HH@


W J days at CLCJV#

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1redominantly bacteria grow on this medium* Their colonies are of different si4e and color,

most of them are white or colorless*

RemarB Stressed and chlorineFtolerant bacteria are stimulated by this medium in

combination with lower incubation temperatures and longer incubation time*

Stan"ar" TTC I mo"'< NPS

Type =@JJ

Meat e3tractFpeptone medium for determining the total #f. count based on the :A1/A

)water+; and modified by the addition of TT#*

Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in raw materials, water )general

quality+, waste water, be2erages, beer, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )water+, IS! HH@, 0&%


R J days at CLCJV#


1redominantly bacteria grow on this medium* The majority of their colonies are stained red

by TT# reduction*

Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli %acillus subtilis

Total Colony Co)nt

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Stan"ar" NPS

Type =@O@

Meat e3tractFpeptone medium for determining the total #f. countK based on the :A1/A

)water+;* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in raw materials, water

)general quality+, waste water, be2erages, beer, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )water+, IS! HH@, 0&%


R J days at CLCJV#


1redominantly bacteria grow on this medium* The morphology and color of their colonies

2ary*

Type =@HO

Tryptone 'lucose E3tract medium for isolating microorganisms and for determining the total

#f. count* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in raw materials,

water )general quality+, waste water, be2erages, soft drinks, concentrates, foods and other

products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )dairy+, A1/A )food+, A1/A )water+,

A1I, IS! HH@


R J days at CLCJV#


!n this medium predominantly colonies of bacteria grow that can ha2e different si4e and

colors*

Yeat EGtra8t NPS

Type =@G

"or the detection of the total count of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria* Dehydrated culture

medium for culti2ating microorganisms in water )general quality+ and other products*

Re!eren8e7

E' GC, /MS!, IS! O>>>, IS! HH@,IS! =GG

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36/64

IS! HH@, IS! =GG, IS! GCF= >=U,

&M%', .SDA


=OL= hours at @@ X>V#


#olonies that show light blue fluorescence under .0 light indicate E* coliK confirmation with

a drop of -!0\#S indole reagent is required, a positi2e reaction is shown by a cherry color

after a few seconds*

emarksB This medium can be used for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli based on the

IS! GCF=*

En"o NPS

Type =@JC

Selecti2e medium for detecting and enumerating E* coli and coliform bacteria* Dehydrated

culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in raw materials, water )general quality+,

natural water, waste water, be2erages, soft drinks, concentrates, fruit juice, sugar, sugar

products, foods

and other products*

Re!eren8e7


D'/M, IS! HH@, IS! GCF= =GGU, M$!,

.SDA


=L>@ hours at CO X>V#


E* coli form red colonies with a metallic sheen and a red dot at the underside of the

membrane* !ther coliforms grow as dark to light red colonies without metallic sheen*

#olorless colonies of lactosenegati2e bacteria are not counted*

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Escherchia coli Escherchia coli

Escherchia coli

Mixed culture from water E. coli colonies uoresence in E. coli and coliforms from

UV light river water

Ma8Coney NPS

Type =@GH

"or the isolation and differentiation of coliform bacteria and other enterobacteriaceae*

Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics,

raw materials, water )general quality+, natural water, waste water, be2erages, soft drinks,

concentrates, fruit juice, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7


A!A#, DA%, DI$ C@==, D'/M, E1, IS!

HH@, &M%', M$!, .SDA, .S1


=LH> hours at CLCJV#


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Escherichia coli forms large red or reddish colonies, coliform microbes form large pink,

sometimes slimy colonies, lactoseFnegati2e enterobacteria form colorless colonies* 'ramF

positi2e microbes are inhibited*

m FC NPS

Type =@O

"or the detection of E* coli and faecal coliform bacteria according to 'eldreich et al*


quality+, waste water, be2erages, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )food+, A1/A )water+, A!A#, E1A,

"DA, IS! HH@, IS! GCF= =GGU, .SDA




E* coli and coliform bacteria form blue colonies with a blue surrounding* This color is dark

blue at faecal coliforms with strong lactose fermentation and lighter blue for nonFfaecal

coliforms with weaker lactose fermentation* &actoseFnegati2e bacteria grow with different

colors and are not e2aluated*

RemarB /igher incubation temperatures largely suppress the nonfaecal coliforms*

Teepol NPS

Type =@OH

&auryl Sulphate medium for the detection of E* coli and faecal coliform bacteria according to

%urman, $*1* )=GOH+* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in water

)general quality+, waste water, be2erages, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A"$!, A1/A )water+, %S, "DA, IS! HH@,

IS! GCF= =GGU, .SDA




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E* coli and coliform bacteria form =L> mm diameter yellow colonies surrounded by a yellow

4one* $onFlactose fermenting bacteria de2elop red or colorless colonies without yellow 4one*

Ter6itol TTC NPS

Type =@JO

Selecti2e and differential medium for the detection and enumeration of coliform bacteria and

E* coli according to 1ollardK modified acc* to #hapman* Dehydrated culture medium for

culti2ating microorganisms in raw materials, water )general quality+, waste water, be2erages,

foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )food+, E' GC, IS! HH@, IS! =GG,

IS! GCF= =GGU, IS! GCF= >=U




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&actoseFpositi2e microorganisms form yellowForange colonies with a yellow surrounding and

ha2e a yellow dot under the membrane filter* According to IS! GCF= all colonies that show

yellow color under the membrane filter are counted as positi2e* emarksB Tergitol H inhibits

'ram positi2e colonies and minimi4es the swarming of 1roteus* "urther differentiations of

E*coli and coliforms with !3idaseF and IndolFTests are required*

A=i"e NPS

Type =@J=

"or the detection and enumeration of intestinal enterococci according to Slanet4 and %artley*


quality+, natural water, waste water, be2erages, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )food+, A1/A )water+, E' GC,

/MS!, IS! HH@, IS! HGGF>, IS! =GG,

&M%', M$!


@L@ hours at CO X>V#


Enterococci form red, pink or reddish brown colonies with a diameter of *JL> mm*

emarksB Enterococci are considered to be indicator organisms of faecal contamination* They

are less

sensiti2e to chemical effects than are E* coli organisms and are therefore longer detectable,

for instance in waste water and in chlorinated water*

.im)t9 S)l!ite NPS

Type =@JH

Selecti2e culture medium according to 8ilson and %lair for isolating Salmonella typhi and

other salmonellae* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in

pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, raw materials, water )general quality+, waste water, foods and

other products*

Re!eren8e7

A"$!, A1/A )dairy+, A1/A )food+, A!A#,

D'/M, "DA, /MS!, IS! OJHG =G=U,IS! HH@, .SDA, .S1

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42/64

E$ =>H, E$ IS! =O>OO


@L@ hours at CO X>V#


1seudomonas aeruginosa forms blue, blueFgreen or yellowFgreen colonies with =L> mm

diameter and blue 4ones* The colonies produce pyocyanin and fluorescein and show

fluorescence in

.0Flight* !ther 1seudomonads de2elop colonies with different colors*

Remar7

"urther tests are necessary for definiti2e identification of 1s* aeruginosa*

C9apman NPS

Type =@H@

Mannitol salt medium according to #hapman, modified for detecting and isolating pathogenic

Staphylococci* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in

pharmaceuticals,

cosmetics, raw materials, water )general quality+, waste water, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )food+, A!A#, D'/M, "DA, /MS!,

IS! HH@, .S1


=LH> hours at CLCJV#


Staphylococcus aureus forms yellow colonies with a yellow surrounding )mannitolFpositi2e+*

!ther Staphylococci grow without 4ones of color change* Most other bacteria are inhibited*

Lyine NPS

Type =@O=

Selecti2e medium for isolating and enumerating :wild yeasts; in breweries acc* to Morris and

Eddy* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in beer and other products*

Re!eren8e7

6ournal Institute of %rewing, 0&%


CLJ days at CLCJV#

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!nly :wild yeasts; )not belonging to the genus Saccharomyces+ which utili4e lysine as sole

source of nitrogen grow on this medium, they form white or cream colored coloniesK brewery

culture yeasts grow not at all or 2ery poorly*

Malt EGtra8t NPS

Type =@O

"or the isolation and enumeration of yeasts and molds* Dehydrated culture medium for

culti2ating microorganisms in be2erages, wine, soft drinks, concentrates, fruit juice, foods

and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )food+, A!A#, I".


CLJ days at >L>JV# or at CLCJV#

depending on the target of the in2estigation

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(easts normally de2elop smooth white, rarely colored colonies* Molds generally form 2el2ety

or fluffy, cottonFlike colonies that are white during the early growth phase and later, after

conidiospore formation, of 2arious colors*

Remar7 The low p/ of this medium suppresses the growth of most bacteria* This medium

is a2ailable with two different types of membrane filters*

Sao)ra)" NPS

Type =@OG

"or the culti2ation and enumeration of yeasts and molds* Dehydrated culture medium for

culti2ating microorganisms in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, raw materials, water )general

quality+, waste water and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )food+, A!A#, E1, .S1


R J days at >L>JV#


(easts usually de2elop smooth white or colored colonies* Molds form 2el2ety or fluffy,

cottonFlike colonies that are white in the early growth phase and may take 2arious colors after

conidiospore production*

RemarB According to the E1 ] .S1 antibiotics could be added immediately before use*

S89a)!) Pottin6er

m $reen yeat an" mol"< NPS

Type =@HK =@H>K =@K =@CK =@G=*

M 'reen (east and Mold medium for the detection of yeasts and molds according to

Schaufus and 1ottinger* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in wine,

soft drinks, concentrates, sugar, sugar products and other products*


>LJ days at >L>JV# or at CLCJV# depending on the target of the in2estigation


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Molds de2elop 2el2ety or fluffy whitish or greenish colonies which can get 2arious colors

after conidiospore production* (easts ha2e a smooth surface* Acid forming sugar fermenters

are whitish to yellow, nonFacid formers are, by contrast, greenish to bluegreen*

Remar7 The low p/ suppresses the growth of most bacteria* This medium is a2ailable with

2arious types of membrane filtersB C different pore si4es and > different colors*

$l)8oe Tryptone NPS

Type =@OO

"or the enumeration of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, especially :flatFsour;microorganisms in canned foods*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )dairy+, A1/A )food+, A!A#, I#.MSA,

I"., IS! HH@, $#A


=LH> hours at CLCJV# for mesophilic bacteriaK @LH> hours at JJ X>V# for thermophilic

sporulating microorganismsEval)ation an" Typi8al Re)lt7

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Microorganisms that ferment glucose and produce acid grow as yellowish green colonies*

:"latFsour; colonies ha2e a diameter of >FJ mm, a yellowishFgreen color and are surrounded

by a yellow 4one*

RemarB "or the incubation at JJ X>V# the petri dishes must be placed into a moist

chamber*

5) "e Tomate Tomato 5)i8e< NPS

Type =@HG

"or the detection of product spoiling lactic acid bacteria especially !enococcus oeni acc* to

Dubois, %indan and &afonF&afourcade* TightFfitting, special petri dishes for microaerophilic

incubation* Dehydrated culture medium for culti2ating microorganisms in wine, fruit juice

and other products*

Re!eren8e7

IS! HH@, &anaridris9 &afonF&afourcade


JLH days at CLCJV# anaerobic )microaerophil+K control for slowly growing microForganisms

after = days is recommended


&actobacilli form compact, whitish to slightly yellowish colonies with =LC mm diameter*

1ediococci de2elop somewhat smaller colonies with appro3* = mm diameter that later get a

whitish to slightly brownish color* !enococcus oeni grows as colorless to whitish colonies

with a

diameter smaller than = mm*

emarksB

This medium must be incubated under anaerobic to microaerophilic conditions*

Oran6e Ser)m NPS

Type =@O>K =@GO

"or the isolation and enumeration of acidFtolerant microorganisms* Dehydrated culture

medium for culti2ating microorganisms in raw materials, water )general quality+, waste

water, wine, soft drinks, concentrates, fruit juice, foods and other products*

Re!eren8e7

A1/A )water+, I"., IS! HH@, M11

)packaging staff+

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$RO&T( COMPARISON

The principle of the membrane filter method is based on the concentration of microorganisms

from relati2ely large samples on the surface of a membrane filter* $utrients and metabolites

are

e3changed through the pore system of the membrane filter* The pore si4e alone is not a

meaningful criterion* Due to the 2ariance in allocation of the pores, not all membranes

guarantee sufficient nutrient supply* A comparison of Sartorius Stedim %iotech cellulose

nitrate )cellulose mi3ed ester+ membranes with other mi3ed ester membranes re2eals

significant differences in growth promotion results* E* coli forms red colonies with a metallic

sheen* !ther coliforms would grow as dark to light red colonies without metallic sheen*

E* coli shows no metallic sheen on this mi3ed esters membrane* Therefore it is 2ery difficult

to differenciate between E* coli and coliforms without any further test* A quantitati2e

statement is difficult due to the fact of running colonies on the mi3ed esters membrane

surface*

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1seudomonas aeruginosa forms blue, blueFgreen or yellowFgreen colonies with =L> mm

diameter and blue 4ones* The colonies produce pyocyanin and fluorescein and show

fluorescence in .0Flight* !ther 1seudomonads would de2elop colonies with different colors*

!n this mi3ed esters membrane grow less colonies and without the blue 4one* Due to the

2ariance in the allocation of the pores, here the mi3ed esters membrane did not guarantee a

sufficient nutrient supply* This may cause in false negati2e results*

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ANALYSIS OF DATA

+< &9ere "o yo) p)r89ae !rooti H

)a+ 'eneral Store )b+ 1an Shop

)c+ Sweet Shop )d+ #anteen*

!ption $o* of respondent 1ercentage

'eneral Store @ @>

1an Shop JO >

Sweet Shop J >J

#anteen* = J

General store Pan shop Sweet shop anteen

!

"

#!

#"

$!

$"

%!

%"

&!&"

Percentage()

Percentage'()

InterpretationF

-< &9i89 ran" o! o!t "rin yo) "eal in'

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)a+ "rooti )b+ Maa4a

)c+ Slice )d+ 6ump in

)e+ Dabur eal )f+ !thers*


"rooti OJ C>*J

Maa4a CO =

Slice >O =C

6ump in >> ==

Dabur eal >O =C

!thers >J =>*J

!$!&!*!+!

#!!#$!

Percentage

,o. of respondent

InterpretationF

In the outlet the mostly soft drink are a2ailable and "rooti and Maa4a are the more frequent

soft drink which is found and other soft drinks are a2ailable i*e* Slice, 6ump in, Dabur real*

/ < &9i89 ran" i t9e nearet 8ompetitor o! !rooti ran" in yo)r opinionH

)a+ Dabur eal )b+ Maa4a

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)e+ !thers*


Dabur eal =C O*J

Maa4a @ @>

Slice HJ CH*J

6ump in >J =>*J

!thers C =*J

-aur /eal Maa0a Slice 1ump in 2thers

!

"

#!

#"

$!

$"

%!

%"

&!

&"

Percentage()

Percentage'()

InterpretationF

According to the retailer the nearest competitor of "rooti is the Maa4a and Slice* !ther softdrink are the 6ump in and other local fruits juice*

0 < &9i89 8ompany 9ave etter "itri)tion net?orH

)a+ "rooti )b+ Maa4a


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)e+ Dabur eal )f+ !thers*


"rooti O C

Maa4a J@ >H

Slice @ >

6ump in =O

Dabur eal > =

!thers = J

3rooti Maa0a Slice 1ump in -aur /eal 2thers

!

"

#!

#"

$!

$"

%!

Percentage()

Percentage'()

InterpretationF

The distribution network of the"rooti brand is good as regards to their near competitors like

Maa4a and Slice* According to the retailer point of 2iew because the manufacturing unit of

"rooti is found in this state*

2< &9i89 i mot pre!erre" i=e o! t9e ottle y yo)H

)a+ >ml )b+ Cml

)c+ Jml )d+ =ml

)d+ =Jml ).se more than one tick+

53


54/64


>ml OJ C>*J

Cml @ >

Jml >G =@*J

=ml @J >>*J

=Jml >= =*J

!$!

&!*!+!

#!!#$!

Percentage,o. of respondent

InterpretationF

According to the gi2en data it shows that the ma3imum selling of the bottle and T#A pack is

in >ml, Jml, and =ml* So the best preferred si4e is >ml and Jml*

3< Yo) no? t9e "i!!eren8e et?een ran"e" an" non ran"e" o!t "rinH

)a+ (es )b+ $o


(es =H J

$o C =J

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+"(

#"(

Percentage()

4es

,o

InterpretationF

In the market the ma3imum customer know about the branded soft drink so this is ad2antage

for the soft drink brand in the market*

4< &9at "o yo) !eel ao)t t9e pri8e o! o!t "rin

)a+ 0ery high )b+ /igh

)c+ medium )d+ low

)e+ easonable


55


56/64

0ery high >@ =>

/igh H CJ

medium J= >J*J

low CO =

easonable =G G*J

ver5 high high medium low ver5 low

!

"

#!

#"

$!

$"

%!

%"

InterpretationF

According to the mostly retailer opinion the price of soft drink is high so the branded

company need to change the price of the soft drink that helps to increase the sales*

B< Do yo) !eel a pri8e re")8tion ?ill in8reae t9e ale o! ran"e" o!t "rinH

)a+ (es )b+ $o


(es =@J H>*J

$o JJ >H*J

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6%(

$+(

Percentage()

4es

,o

InterpretationF

If the price of the soft drinks will reduced then the sales will be increase as per the gi2en data*

< &9i89 me"i)m a!!e8te" to yo) to )yH

)a+ Tele2ision )b+ Maga4ine$ewspapers

)c+ Display )d+ /oardings

)e+ campaign


57


58/64

Tele2ision HJ CH*J

Maga4ine$ewspapers @ >

Display C =J

/oardings >J =>*J

campaign C =J

!

"

#!

#"

$!

$"

%!

%"

&!

Percentage()

Percentage'()

InterpretationF

In the gi2en data e3plain that the ad2ertising media is the most prominent than other media so

we can say that for impro2ing sale of fruit soft drink should be use this media and that will

affect the sale in the market*

+@< Do yo) t9in t9at a66reive a"vertiement !)rt9er in8reae t9e ale vol)me o!

!rootiH

)a+ (es )b+ $o

)c+ $o reply


(es => O

58


59/64

$o @J >>*J

$o reply CJ =H*J

4es ,o ,o /epl5

!

#!

$!

%!

&!

"!

*!

Percentage()

Percentage'()

InterpretationF

Aggressi2e ad2ertisement is the beneficial promotional acti2ities for the sale promotion*

Ma3imum retailer are agree from the aggressi2e ad2ertisement*

++< &9at are yo)r )66etion to improve t9e aleH

)a+ $ew scheme )b+ Ad2ertisement

)c+ egular supply )d+ #redit facilities

)e+ efrigeration system ).se more than one tick+


$ew scheme H> CO

59


60/64

Ad2ertisement J> >O

egular supply >J =>*J

#redit facilities >H =C*J

efrigeration system >@ =>

!$!&!*!+!

#!!#$!

Percentage

,o. of respondent

InterpretationF

According to retailer perception time to time new scheme should be pro2ide and regular

supply is necessary in the market that impro2e the sale* #ompany should also pro2ide the

refrigerator for the own product refrigeration*

FINDIN$ AND CONCL,SION

= In the outlet the mostly soft drink are a2ailable and "rooti and Maa4a are the more

frequent soft drink which is found and other soft drinks are a2ailable i*e* Slice, 6ump

in, Dabur real*

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> In the market the most customer age segment is the =J to CJ* They are the prominent

to 2isit the retail shop and purchase the soft drink* So the brand need to focus on this

segment of customers*

C According to the mostly retailer opinion the price of soft drink is high so they 1refer "rooti*

@ Aggressi2e ad2ertisement is the beneficial promotional acti2ities for the sale

promotion* Ma3imum retailer are agree from the aggressi2e ad2ertisement*

>,ESTIONAIRE

=+ 8here do you purchase frooti ^

)a+ 'eneral Store )b+ 1an Shop

)c+ Sweet Shop )d+ #anteen*

>+ 8hich brand of soft drink you deal in*

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63/64

)a+ 0ery high )b+ /igh

)c+ medium )d+ low

)e+ easonable

+ Do you feel a price reduction will increase the sales of branded soft drinks^

)a+ (es )b+ $o

G+ 8hich medium affect the sales most^

)a+ Tele2ision )b+ Maga4ine$ewspapers

)c+ Display )d+ /oardings

)e+ campaign

=+ Do you think that aggressi2e ad2ertisement further increase the sales 2olume of frooti^

)a+ (es )b+ $o

)c+ $o reply

.I.LIO$RAP(Y

&eite7

= www*isource*com

> www*frooti*com

.oo7

C Statistical Method by S*1*'upta*

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@ esearch Methodology by #**-othari*

J Methodology of research in social sciences by -rishna swami*

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