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Firmin Mizambwa Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA) P O Box 364, Morogoro Email: [email protected] Overview of Improved Seed Production in Tanzania

Firmin Mizambwa Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA) P O Box 364, Morogoro Email: [email protected] Overview of Improved Seed Production in Tanzania

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Firmin MizambwaAgricultural Seed Agency (ASA)

P O Box 364, MorogoroEmail: [email protected]

Overview of Improved Seed Production in Tanzania

OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

Introduction: Tanzanian Seed industry

development Section I: Current status of seed

production Section II: Strategies to develop

vibrant seed industry

Summary: Take away message(s)

INTRODUCTION

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SEED INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT In 1969, USAID carried out studies to enable Tanzania to

establish a formal seed sector that would include breeding, multiplication, processing, certification and distribution of seeds.

As a results of the above study, the formal seed sub-sector in Tanzania was established in 1973 during which the following were established:

1. The seed Act No. 29 of 1973 was enacted;2. Tanzania Seed Company Limited (TANSEED) was

formed;3. Tanzania Official Seed Certification Agency -TOSCA was

established to regulate quality of seeds;4. Four Government foundation Seed farms established

(Kilangali, Arusha, Msimba and Dabaga);5. Human resources capacity building was undertaken

through training.  

Seed industry development….

In 1989, the Government launched the National Seed Industry Development Programme which was in line with the World Economic Reform agenda which emphasized moving from State controlled economy to free market economy.

Private seed companies were allowed to operate in the country.

Seed industry development….

During its operations, TANSEED faced problems resulting in decline of sales, huge financial losses, and consequently its collapse. The problems include:

1. Unavailability of preferred varieties,2. Low adoption rate of new and improved certified seeds by

farmers,3. Poor reputation due to delivery of poor quality seeds,4. Inadequate marketing promotion,5. Lack of managerial skills.

Seed industry development….

In an attempt to cover the shortage created by the demise of TANSEED, The Government with the support of DANIDA established on farm seed production (QDS) in 1998.

Despite of all the efforts, still the demand of the improved seeds in Tanzania was not met.

GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO INCREASE AVAILABILITY OF IMPROVED SEEDS

Establishment of Agricultural Seed Agency (ASA) in June 2006

Key functions of ASATo produce, process and market both basic and

certified seeds,To promote private sector participation in seed

production,To promote the use of improved seeds,To strengthen collaboration with research

institutes on matters related to availability of new crop varieties.

Often a new variety is only one single plant.

Therefore once a new variety has been bred, efforts need to be undertaken that the farmers can quickly make use of this variety for commercial food production.

This will be achieved through a seed multiplication process over a number of generations to receive the desired variety in large quantities.

The Seed Multiplication Process

Certified Seed (1st Generation)

Pre-basic Seed

Basic Seed

Breeders Seed

Seed Multiplication

Certified Seed2nd Generation)

The Seed Multiplication Process

During the seed multiplication process it needs to be assured after each multiplication step, that the identity and the purity of that variety is kept and that the multiplied seed has the potential to produce a healthy plant.

This is assured through a seed certification programme.

SEED PRODUCTION ARRANGEMENTS

Using ASA/private companies farms

Using contract growers

Available SEEDS

Private Seed companies

ASA

Maize (mainly hybrid), vegetable seeds and small quantities of Sunflower, sorghum, and rice

Maize, rice, sorghum, beans, sunflower, wheat, cowpeas, pigeon peas, soya beans, sesame, fruit seedlings and cassava cuttings

Potential demand is over 120,000 MT per year

Effective demand is estimated at 60,000 MT per year

But average supply is only 14,8876 MT Per year

SEED DEMAND VS SEED SUPPLY IN TANZANIA

Certified Seeds availability

Crop Season

Quantity of seeds (MT)

2003/04 10,650 2004/05 10,134 2005/06 10,476 2006/07 16,526 2007/08 16,811 2008/09 11,429 2009/10 16,518 2010/11 26,544 Average 14,8876

MAIN CHALLENGES FACING THE SEED INDUSTRY

Low investment in seed production

Dependence on importation of seeds (dependence of foreign companies)

Difficulties to access loan for the local seed companies

Dependence of rainfed agriculture in seed production

Production challenges

Main challenges….

Distribution networks

Fake seeds

Low levels of use of improved seeds by farmers

Marketing & sales challenges

Main challenges…

Influence of outside policies (Donor policies, EAC & SADC policies)

Our local policies

Policy related challenges

To provide adequate investment in the seed industry

Promote local seed production To Promote local seed sector To invest in irrigated agriculture

Strategies to develop vibrant seed industry

Production strategies

Strategies to develop….

To develop sustainable & reliable seed distribution networks

To strengthening the enforcement of the seed Act on fake seeds

To develop a clear plans of promoting the se of improved seeds

Marketing & sales strategies

Policy related issues

Strategies to develop….

To consistently consider and align outside policies towards developing vibrant seed industry

Review policies for promote investment in the seed industry

There is very huge potential for Tanzania to develop vibrant and sustainable seed industry; and therefore

Deliberate efforts are required to promote investment in the seed industry to produce enough seeds for local and foreign markets;

Joint efforts between public and private sectors are required to promote the use of improved seeds.

SUMMARY/TAKE HOME MESSAGE(S)

Thank you for your attention