First Age of Empires

Section 1The Egyptian and Nubian Empires

Setting the Stage

Egypt had a united kingdom around 3100 b.c.e.

During the Middle kingdom periods… Trade with

Mesopotamia and Indus Valley enriched Egypt

600 miles South, in Thebes A major kingdom

developed, Nubia Nubian Kingdom of

Kush traded with Egypt

Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt Middle Kingdom

prosperous Weak pharaohs

led country to fall to invaders.

Hyksos invade and rule Egypt from 1640-1570 B.C.

Hebrews Migrate To Egypt During Hyksos rule, Hebrews settled

in Egypt Two groups racially similar;

Egyptians resented them being there

Expulsion and Slavery

Around 1600 B.C., Egypt's power gets restored

Queen Ahhotep and Pharaoh Kamose helped drive out the Hyksos

Hebrews forced into slavery until the Exodus

The New Kingdom of Egypt 1570-1075

B.C. New pharaohs

set to build an empire…what is an empire?

Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule

Declared self pharaoh because stepson was too young

Spent focus on trade rather than war

Thutmose the Empire Builder Stepson to

Hatshepsut Warlike ruler Went into

Palestine, Syria and Nubia

Egypt once again became a powerful empire

The Egyptians and the Hittites Taking over Syria

and Palestine brought conflict with the Hittites

Large battle at Kadesh

Pharaoh, Ramses II, and Hittite king agreed to a treaty (read pg 91)

An Age of Builders

• Huge buildings erected

• Ramses II built elaborate temples

An Age of Builders Continued

• Treasures buried at the Valley of the Kings near Thebes

The Empire Declines

1200 B.C. Ramses died All of the

Mediterranean invaded

 

                         

Merenptah was probably the last great king of the 19th Dynasty. His reign was followed by dynastic upheaval that led to the decline of the dynasty.

Invasions by Land and Sea Egyptian and

Hittite kingdoms were attacked

“Sea Peoples” caused destruction They were

possibly the Philistines

Egyptians also attacked by Palestines and Libyans

Egypt's’ Empire Fades

Egypt never recovered

Egypt broke into small kingdoms

Libyan’s pharaohs ruled Egypt but adopted their way of life Nubians will do

the same

The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region Egypt had

controlled Nubia, and its kingdom Kush.

During Hyksos rule, Kush became more powerful.

The People of Nubia

Kush, a Nubian kingdom, was a trading spot

1st Nubian kingdom, Kerma

Nubian Facts You do not need to write this!

To get boats past the cataracts, Nubians constructed slipways along the river banks-troughlike roads filled with mud. Logs embedded every 18 inches or so in the slippery substance rotated easily, allowing the Nubians to drag their boats around the cataracts

In Nubia, kings inherited their royal status through their mothers. One king listed seven generations of female ancestors to prove he was royal enough to rule. At Meroe, women sometimes ruled independently.

Nubian Transportation Royal Women in Nubia

Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture You do not need to write this!

Temples and Pyramids Statues

You do not need to write this! Nubia was also

called - Upper & Lower Nubia, Kush, Land of Kush, Te-Nehesy, Nubadae, Napata, or the Kingdom of Meroei.

The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia When Egypt

controlled Kush, they had great cultural influence

Kush regained independence and they felt they should be in control of Egypt, not the Libyans

Piankhi Captures the Egyptian throne Kushite king,

Piankhi, overthrew the Libyan dynasty United Nile

Valley Short dynasty,

taken over by the Assyrians

The Golden Age of Meroe

After being defeated, the Kushite royal family moved to Meroe

Meroe became a major trading center

The Wealth of Kush

Differences between Egypt and Meroe Meroe had

rainfall Meroe had

abundant supplies of iron ore

The Decline of Meroe

Meroe declined Kingdom of

Aksum dominated trade and defeated the Meroe

Assyria will come to dominate Egypt

Who was in Control?

Egypt (2x’s) Libya Assyrians (2x’s) Kush Aksum Hyksos

Egypt Hyksos Egypt (broken into

parts) Libya Kush (Piankhi) Assyrians Aksum takes over

Meroi where the Kush went to

Assyrians