1. Kristjn Skarphinsson Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Industries and Innovation , Iceland FAO Global Forum on UserRights2015 . Siem Reap,Cambodia ; March 23-27th 2015 Fishing rights in Iceland: the why, the how, the outcomes,the politics... 2. Pillars of economic activities in 2013: Share of Icelands export earnings Fisheries 26.5% Aluminium 21.0% Tourism 26.8% Source: Statistics Iceland 800.000 tonnes 1,3 million tonnes 1million 3. Photo by courtesy of rstur Njlsson 4. Early day fisheries 5. The glorious days: The more the better... 6. Snapshot of the Icelandic fisheries today 7. Modern fishing fleet to meet diverse demands 8. Automatic intelligent fish processing 9. Some background to the story of fishing rights 10. 1901: 3 miles 1952: 4 miles 1958: 12 miles 1972: 50 miles 1975: 200 miles Expansion of the Icelandic EEZ 11. The why of fishing rights for the Icelandic fisheries management 12. The Black Report 1975 and more Max 500 thousand tonnes of demersals Limit total fleet effort Protect juvenile fish Ensure MSY 13. What did they do? INPUT CONTROLS Fixed number of days at sea Effort directed to other species than cod Fishing gear limitations 14. More bad news in 1979 and 1983 Efforts limits are not working The cod stock continues to go down UNLESS DRASTIC LIMITING MEASURES ARE TAKEN IMMEDIATELY 15. How fishing rights came about 16. Later that yearTo hell with the quota system 17. So to the outcome and development of the ITQ system 18. Cod 1984-2013: Advise, Decision, Landings 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Landings Advise Decision Tonnesx1000 Year 19. There are approx. 85.000 landings registered in the system every year 50 Ports of landings in Iceland send electronic data daily to the Directorate of Fisheries 20. Temporary and Permanent Area Closures Open for haddock and flatfish Oct-Feb Open for saithe 20-08hrs Melsekkur: Open 1 Feb15Apr Open for flatfish in winter Closed for bottom trawl Small fish sorting device Closed for long-line Closed for long-line with restrictions Closed for bottom-trawl Small fish sorting-device Closed for long-line Closed for bottom-trawl Closed for long-line Closed for lobster trawl E.G 01/JS 02 breytt Closed for bottom trawl Permanently closed (grey) April, 2-3 weeks closures during spawning 21. So, what is the outcome of the system in Iceland? 22. 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% Proportion of labour market Year Employment in fisheries 1991-2013 Source: Statistics Iceland 23. Oil use by fishing vessels vs value of fish exports 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 ISKmillion tonnes Oil use Value of exported marine product at price 2013 (r-axis) Source: Statistics Iceland 24. 460 $303 236 $720 Total catch Export value, adjusted 1981 2013 2013 Tons x 1000 Million USD 1981 Cod catch and export value 1981 vs 2013 Source: Statistics Iceland 25. Canned products made from cod liver: Smoked liver and liver pat Fish skin transformed to leather Liver oil used for Omega-3 and capsules Natural fish stock for food processing Caviar from roe Enzimes from intestines used for medical products Fisk skin tranformed to collagen Heads and bones dried and exported Cosmetics made from enzymes from inner organs. Fish skin as medical device 26. Some macroeconomics related to our fisheries 27. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Thousandtonnes Cod catch (r-axis) EBITDA (%) EBITDA average (%) Quita system adopted Assignment of quota allowed 15% 7% Earnings of Icelandic fisheries companies, EBITDA Source: Statistics Iceland 22% 28. Finally: To the politics of they system 29. Catch share of the ten largest quota holders 24% 32% 47% 52% 1992 1999 2004 2014 Source: Directorate of Fisheries 30. Direct public charges imposed on fisheries companies 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 ISKbllion Paid income tax Paid social security fee Other fees Fishing fee Source: Directorate of Internal Revenue 31. By courtesy of Arctic Photo, Reykjavik, Iceland New High North horizion... By courtesy of Arctic Photo Ltd, Reykjavik, Iceland The debate aheadThe stormy debate ahead.... 32. By courtesy of Arctic Photo, Reykjavik, Iceland New High North horizion... By courtesy of Arctic Photo Ltd, Reykjavik, Iceland Thank you for your kind attention