Fisica Adronica a FAIR: l’Esperimento PANDA

Diego Bettoni

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ferrara

Ferrara, 16 Ottobre 2009

What is Matter Made Of ?

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Quarks: pointlike fermions, they interact strongly via their color charge

(exchange of gluons)They act as hadron constituents

Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD)

The QCD Lagrangian is, in principle, a complete description of the strong interaction.

There is just one overall coupling constant g , and six quark-mass parameters mj for the six quark flavors.

But, it leads to equations that are hard to solve

Confinement

• None of the particles that are actually seen appear in the formula. None of the particles in the formula are observed as free particles.

• Furthermore, we've never seen particles carrying fractional electric charge, which we nonetheless ascribe to the quarks.

Why are quarks and gluons

confined within hadrons ?

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Sull’origine della massa

• Masse degli atomi “capite” in termini delle masse dei nuclei, degli elettroni e della QED.

• Massa dei nuclei “capite” in termini della massa del p, n e delle forze nucleari.

• Masse del protone e del neutrone:

secondo la QCD le masse degli

adroni leggeri sono dominate

dall’energia di interazione tra

quark (confinement energy):

tutto da dimostrare !

Other Open Questions

• Do other forms of hadronic matter exist ? (hybrids, glueballs, molecules ?)

• What are the relevant degrees of freedom to describe hadronic systems ?

• What are the new particles discovered at the B-factories ?• How can we describe the structure of the proton ?• ...

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Experimental Approach

• Non relativistic quantum mechanics: hydrogen atom• Quantum ElectroDynamics: positronium (e+e-) spectrum• Quantum ChromoDynamics (QCD): quarkonium (qq) spectrum

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Paola Gianotti

Cu Target 107p/s @ 3 GeV

100 m

p LINAC50 MeV

SIS18

SIS10030 GeV

RESR/CR

HESR

FAIRFacility for Antiproton and Ion Research

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High luminosity mode

High resolution mode

• δp/p ~ 10−5 (electron cooling)• Lumin. = 1031 cm−2 s−1

• Lumin. = 2 x 1032 cm−2 s−1 • δp/p ~ 10−4 (stochastic cooling)

• Production rate 2x107/sec

• Pbeam = 1 - 15 GeV/c

• Nstored = 5x1010 p

• Internal Target

_

High-Energy Storage Ring

PANDA(P ANnihilation in DArmstadt)

PANDA Physics Program

• QCD BOUND STATES– CHARMONIUM– GLUONIC EXCITATIONS– HEAVY-LIGHT SYSTEMS

– STRANGE AND CHARMED BARYONS

• NON PERTURBATIVE QCD DYNAMICS

• HADRONS IN THE NUCLEAR MEDIUM

• NUCLEON STRUCTURE– GENERALIZED

DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDES (GDA)

– DRELL-YAN

– ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM FACTORS

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Antiproton Power

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High-Luminosity → Statistics Narrow Beams → Precision

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PANDA Detector

Detector Requirements

•(Nearly) 4π solid angle coverage (partial wave analysis)•High-rate capability (2×107 annihilations/s)•Good PID (γ, e, µ, π, K, p)•Momentum resolution (≈ 1 %)•Vertex reconstruction for D, K0

s, Λ•Efficient trigger•Modular design•Pointlike interaction region•Lepton identification•Excellent calorimetry

•Energy resolution•Sensitivity to low-energy photons

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Collaboration

At present a group of 410 physicists from 53 institutions of 16 countries

Basel, Beijing, Bochum, IIT Bombay, Bonn, Brescia, IFIN Bucharest, Catania, Chicago, Cracow,

IFJ PAN Cracow, Cracow UT, Dresden, Edinburg, Erlangen, Ferrara, Frankfurt, Genova, Giessen, Glasgow, GSI,

FZ Jülich, JINR Dubna, Katowice, KVI Groningen, Lanzhou, LNF, Lund, Mainz, Minsk, ITEP Moscow, MPEI

Moscow, TU München, Münster, Northwestern, BINP Novosibirsk, IPN Orsay, Pavia, Piemonte Orientale, IHEP Protvino, PNPI St. Petersburg, KTH Stockholm, Stockholm, U Torino, INFN Torino, Torino Politecnico, Trieste, TSL

Uppsala, Tübingen, Uppsala, Valencia, SINS Warsaw, TU Warsaw, SMI Wien http://www.gsi.de/panda

Austria – Belaruz - China - France - Germany –India - Italy – NetherlandsPoland – Romania - Russia – Spain - Sweden – Switzerland - U.K. – U.S.A..

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Composizione del Gruppo di Ferrara

Diego Bettoni DR

Alessandro Drago RU

Elisa Fioravanti Dottoranda

Isabella Garzia Dottoranda

Matteo Negrini Prof. a contratto

Mauro Savriè PA

Vittore Carassiti DT (Mecc)

Angelo Cotta Ramusino 1T (Elettr.)

Luca Landi Operatore Tecnico

Andrea Magnani Tecnico

Roberto Malaguti CTER

Claudio Pennini Tecnico

Stefano Squerzanti CTER

Federico Evangelisti CTER

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Attività del Gruppo

• DB Physics Coordinator e membro dell’Exec Board.

• Spettroscopia del charmonio (DB, MN, EF, IG).

– convener linea di fisica del charmonio (DB, MN)

– Chief Editor Physics Book (DB)

• Simulazioni per il Physics Book (EF, IG, MN)

– J/ψπ+π-

– J/ψγ (con distribuzioni angolari)�χcγ

• Attività di pattern recognition sul forward tracking (EF, IG)

• Attività sul forward tracker (MS)– Studi di meccanica– Costruzione e test di un prototipo a 32

canali

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Attività previste per il gruppoAttività previste per il gruppo

PANDAPANDAe relative alla costruzione dell’ apparato e relative alla costruzione dell’ apparato

per il 2010per il 2010

x

y z

p

r)be)T(rackeS(traw)T(uSTT

FT(racker)F(orward)T

Target Spectro

meter

Forward Spectro

meter

PANDA tracking system

DC8-DC1

Impegno di Ferrara):• DC3• DC4• DC8Tecnica di rivelazione:Tubi a straws

Activity on Forward Straws

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Possibilità di Tesi

• Simulazione di canali di fisica, in particolare del charmonio.• Pattern Recognition sul Forward Tracking.• Costruzione e test dei prototipi delle camere in avanti.• Simulazione delle camere in avanti. • Possibilità di stage (laurea triennale) sia in laboratorio a Ferrara che

a GSI (Darmstadt), nell’ambito del programma di “Summer Student” del laboratorio (domande tipicamente entro febbraio).

• Persone di rifermimento: DB, M. Savriè

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