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a - lt B B I T n x q r{ 2 Fl FI F E FJ U i F a i- IF tz tFt IH IE to iilii*tilf* s ;:+Fisle L*lgbfi .;iffig [tl$;sg;t;F *sElE F FEll a E;;:s:'g i-5" - F iE[[[FgFEg ilillBli[ig ?t =r 2- r3 = * j -l -5- i 5r 5.+{ E1g. b 7z = ?-to 3=s !l? ir i -'] - =." 9. eLa = J - , ) -= - #3 =- =' EBi il a f?3 6o srp F - =3 0 o!9E ots3. €E E = +o 'rct,

Fiziologia aparatului excretor

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Page 1: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

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o

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6 f

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[EiilEi i iii *$iiii$Eiiliil

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lDF

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c . Oo g )

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t sD r F

r Is BP E

oN.

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L-5' * 3

.$; g I'; 'rr+ giF H3 9 E.35H [*z H I t FE u'+H il

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o , H E F l o

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c

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n

Page 11: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

g)ao

Ft:

N

or.

rtcrcttlXo(qFto

3.co'=ID

?o

3

r.cr Io l7 l| l l

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g ! .P r ai '

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T Eg : - FY i n

i > - 'oP'g l

t 8? o' 4 9

!'ro

9 , oo "

o

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> FI' t .o - <F . O

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6 f

02.er C

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c, c,cr<l= ? 60 )

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h'D

c

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[EiilEi i iii *$iiii$Eiiliil

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t sD r F

r Is BP E

oN.

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Page 12: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

ct)ct)\t

= ^ - 5 - o . I

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Page 13: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

{Debit de et'nhoeCD(D|}

lggso B = ' t

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ii 'i i' ? Fi ilFi PEli,Eif risiFi5fi *1riglErn;iffiElg[ i$ffilffi Hdii*ffir;stflntni iiiF[$[gir[

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ilig' I o o

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Page 14: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

(lCDCD

cr: o+ t lc - _9 oG -

o'r ttoI1;i lii lE *l[11lxtl lll1;1;[fuEi llg

1ii lliiiieii I i [= I ltlglfigt ltl il gi " i i rr i i : i$1**u i ;Y*, = ?i i h t;ar t gg[* ;l,ilft E[1iF'PlIEl iZ ' ig l E I i i ;F==,,asr;;It: $FE illggtiFIg{ liiI,t!1 1l -lit-ia; [*i11ll1111 igffii+:liilE lig+lE tl[ lilsisll Ei?iv?, i '=Erg -a i qs i t i t i i r ;ga i ;1 +$ai1 - ? 3 F i

lri 7,;1?\il1?ll liglE 1111[1 lF[i

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s

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Page 15: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

€Do(D

t!,

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trFFl

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7 E 911$,m -1 F9; g$

mfflry\Iak- - ;La e;itH l"=fi['89...-- €F ; F

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e tf.:- 6l s> <-$Vw e;

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e lf + _6 ' 6 'o-3.a , o

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<F

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Etttoza3dr{uf.J .1ov3

tr,

ezF'

4 $

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+ d

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= . t l= ' & pf 6 ' HFl -

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c + !

tv c

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t=?:iii3iE1,= z = 7 3 ' $ : : , ! s f i1*?1sl i la i : r:i=iF F [[f Ff etFieigt;gEtrEri?:iTFFi$i.ri't : : , t ; i g X = i + e

lllE rgrrg$sg- . r H f , + n l :

11: ;F; f i$ [ [ rygttlllfrgF ir lg'ei+; [ $$F$$gi:=;?; ' :$r f [ +: ;i;FE ;g; 5flii I

ro(n-{t n)J

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Page 16: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

€Do(D

t!,

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9 ' r i€ l ''l

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Etttoza3dr{uf.J .1ov3

tr,

ezF'

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lllE rgrrg$sg- . r H f , + n l :

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Page 17: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

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Page 33: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

\.. ,f\-$o

Irestie de sodu

?00 FIZIOI.OGIA APARATULUI EXCRETOR

lJ >co 7

ft ! -rctrt

8 =u t o- r c

r P? a6 8tIJ Jo <

sg

vn,J

eo9 v^z

E&.F

6 s tozo(J

2LORE

Fig. $l.Interrelatii intre nivellrl sodiului plasrnatic gi se'

cretia de aldosteron.

rinichiului are acfiune de 100 de ori mai puternie5 dtrcare Ia nivelulc6t DOC.

De remarcataceea de K'* la

ci aldosteronul reduce eliminarea de Na+ $i creqte pe

;i""l"l ti"i.ti.rtri, glandelor sudoripare, glandelor sa

l i vare e tc . .6 - ! : -^ . : . .Aldosteronul eliberat in circula{ie rqi manifestd ac[iunea cu preca

dere la nivelull"b"l;i distal, -sil*"U"a,

3q" cLun :-a. p.recizat in pagi

nile anterioare, .""ur"ruii. tia* din urini'in celura tubulari qi elimr

"l"a f. in llmenul tubului. Se pare. cd aldosteronul nu actioneaz:i

,umai ra ,.,iv"'rur-iuulr"i aistat, -intiucat

s-a observat faciiitarea trans

portului de N;; ii in t"g*.tti,'ti proximal qi chiar in tubul colect.'t

( f ig. 38a).Efectele aldosteronului la nivelul celulei tubulare se realizeazS dtrl 'r

cuplarea prealabili cu receptorii din teritoriul celular - ipoteza ttt

duc[ici.Existi qi alte pdreri q.r privire Ia modalitdtile de realizare a eftr

telof aldosterott"i"i. Unii cercetdtori presupun cd mineralocorticoizii trt'

cletermina creqterea p"r-*iititatii polului apical al- eelulei epitt'li'tlr'

pent^r ionul de sodiu prin cleschideiea unor canale de sodiu 5i':tstfr' l '

ar facilita contactul siu cu pompa - teoria permeazelor'

Alti autori presupun. un efeet de cregtere a activitii[i i pomlx'i tlr'

sorliri -qi,stimui"riu

siniezei saut activ5rii Na+,K+-ATPazei'

$i, in sfargit , o alt [ tenrie stts{ ine ci alclosterontt l 5i ;rr l r t ' t r t i f r" l ' r

; r r l i r rnr . ; r l l r in act ivarea uneia r i : l l l mai mul tor eta l l . metabol i t ' t ' ( ' r l t . ' l

i t t s t i t r r r t l ; t r r ' ; t s i n t cze i de ATP l n : l (Y ' s t n t r l t l ' : t l c l c l s t c t ' < l t r u l n r t l t ' t t ' r l l r l r r I

t , r . r . : r t r . r - r . , r ( . , ) ^ ( . ( . l r t r i l [ i c i t n i t t r . r i r r l r r l r t r c r r c t ' 11 r ' l i t ' l l ( ' ( ' ( ' i ; ; l t ' l r 0 l r t r r t f t l t t t ' ( i t t r "

I r ' , ; l l x l l l l l x ' l

REGI.,AREA TUNCTIEI RENALE 70r

Ftg.btfe

!E5. Mecanisme posi-de_ reglare a secrefiei

de aldosteron.

Dupd unii autori, glanda suprarenald este stimuraH in vederea se-crefiei de mineralocprtiooizi, in afara ionilor de Na+, K+, a sistemuluireninA-angiotensini qi |.CTH $i qe citre un factor eliberat de epifizicienumit adrenoglomerulotropin[ (fig. BBb).

ln. regbrea-activitefli rinale, rln rol' deosebit il au qi peptidele na-trlttreticc. Eviden{iati pentru prima datd in cardiomiocitele atriale, sin-teza factorului natriuretic atrial (ANF) a fost iclentificatd apoi 9i in sis-tcrnul nervos qi chiar in rinidri. Aceste peptide. cu structurd si denumiredlterite tn funcfie de locul de sinteze, ilnLrvin in prineipal in homeostaziahemodinamieii organismului. Intervenfia peptideio. r,ihi,tretice in prG-crrul amintit se realizeazd, Pe de o parte, prin impliearea lor in meea-nlrmele de reglare a metabolismului hidroelectrolitic, iar, pe de altd,Pltte, prin--variatii ale tonusului vaseular-

Departe de a fi elucidate toate implicafiile sistemului de peptide na-lrluretiee ln eco-nomia funcfionali a organismului, se admite pdnb in pre-frnt ed cele mai importante mluri s-ar-rezutna la:

'- lnhibarea secrefiei de vasopresintr de la nivelul neurohipofizei;- relaxarea musculaturii netede;- inhibarea reabsorb$iei Na+ qi apei la nivelul tubului urinifer;'-- inhibarea seere{iei de renind la nivelul aparatului juxtaglomeru-

renal; t- rcAderea slntezei de aldosteron de citre celulele zonei glomeru-

n glandei corticosuprarenale.llrln aeeste efecte, peptidele natriuretice realiz eazl o scddere a vo-

ultt l l i prcsiunii sangrrine ca lrrmare a erogter i i r l i r r rozei . e l iminr l r i lor

III

/

tSo<trwetLb cr€sotK+ extrwe{r.br scdartVdm sagun s<bocet

Pnes.orFmH .r"r#hbit cada' cressrt

dr rxllu Sl nltor ett<'troliti, prccrrnr gi ; t vas(x l i ln t ; r I i r . i : r r ' l r . r io l r r r r .

Page 34: Fiziologia aparatului excretor

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rtlr inrllik i ffi tffi l11 * ffigIIl ffit1l affi -llt

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i ; i ; g[ i ; [ i€s' lFa;* €; iar i fr i iqrgli11 rEf$ga[6fl gfiflfi igall fi E aFa- is; ar; *H T[r=-7?s sTTa;?tis:, es* HsHrt *FrEti B?Effif e' []'?g 11 iglffil?affi*i i1,li *il[gl'[iffii ?i ffi=*-?d I

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