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Physical characteristic that can be observed or measured without forming a new substance
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Physical Property
Physical characteristic that can be observed or
measured without forming a new substance
Qualitative Property
A property that can be observed using the 5
senses(See, touch, taste, hear, smell)-Cannot be measured
using a number
Quantitative Property
A property that can be measured using a numerical value
Ex. Density, boiling point, and melting point are all quantitative properties.
States of Matter
SolidLiquid
Gas
Luster
Shines by reflecting light
Ex. Diamonds are lustrous
Malleability
Capability of being shaped by hammering
or pressing
Ex. Substances used to make car frames are malleable
Ductility
The ability of a substance to be stretched into a
wire
Ex. Copper is very ductile
Mass
The weight of an object or substance
Measured in grams (g), kilograms (kg), pounds (lbs)
Volume
The space an object or substance occupies
Often measured in mL, L, cm3
Density
A measure of the ratio between the mass of a
substance and the volume it occupies
Ex. The density of water is 1 g/ml
Magic Triangle
MD V
Density= Mass / VolumeVolume= Mass / DensityMass= Density x Volume
Transparency
The ability of light to pass through an object
Transparent (see through)Opaque (solid- no light
passes)Translucent (some light
passes)
Viscosity
The ability of a liquid to flow freely
Ex. Water has high viscosity while syrup and molasses
has low viscosity
Physical Change
A change in a substance that does not involve
forming a new substance
Chemical Property
A description of what a substance does when it reacts to produce a new substance
Ex. Flammability, Combustibility, Reactivity
Combustibility
The ability of a substance to burn quickly and easily
Ex. Magnesium is combustible
Flammability
The ability of a substance to catch fire
Ex. Ether alcohol is highly flammable
Reactivity
The likelihood that a substance will
respond/change when exposed to another substance/element
Ex. The Alkali Metals are highly reactive
5 Signs of aChemical Change
1. Bubbles are produced2. Colour change
indicating new substance3. Change of odour
4. Light and/or heat is produced
5. Precipitate is formed
Atom
The smallest unit of measurement for all matter
Subatomic Particles
-The 3 different parts of an atom
-They make up the mass of an atom
-Proton, Neutron, Electron
Proton
-Subatomic particle found in the nucleus
-Positive charge-Cannot move
Electron
-Subatomic particle found on orbit
-Negative charge-Moves from atom to
atom, causing reactions
Neutron
-Subatomic particle found in the nucleus- No charge (neutral)
-Cannot move
Element
-A pure substance in its simplest form
-Found on the periodic table-Can be identified by unique
properties
Ex. Boron (B), Carbon (C), Neon (Ne)
Molecule
A substance made up of 2 or more atoms
-Can be molecular element (Ex. O2)
-Can be molecular compound (Ex. C3H8
Compound
A substance made up of 2 or more elements
Ex. H2O or water is made of Hydrogen AND Oxygen
Atomic Number
A number assigned to an element, indicating its position in the periodic table and the number of
protons/electrons of element
Period
Rows in the periodic table
Group / Chemical Family
-Columns in periodic table
-Each element in a chemical family has
similar chemical propertiesRed= Alkali Metals
Orange= Alkaline Earth MetalsRoyal= HalogensPurple= Noble Gasses
Metals
-Shiny, malleable, conductive substances- Often solids at room
temperature-Make up the majority of
the periodic table
Non-Metals
-Dull, brittle substances that are poor conductors
of electricity- Often gas at room
temperature- Found to the right of the periodic staircase
Metalloids
-Share some characteristics of metals and some of non-metals
- Semiconductors-Found on the periodic
staircase
Decomposition
Breaking down a compound into simpler substances
Electrolysis
Electricity is used to breakdown a compound
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up a chemical change without being changed
itself
Ex. Yeast or potassium iodide is the catalyst in the Elephant
Toothpaste experiment
Interpret C3H8
C3H8
-Compound- Carbon—3 atoms
- Hydrogen—8 atoms- 11 total atoms
Bohr Rutherford DiagramEx. Boron (B)
5 P+N