Flood damage statistics in Japan - UN ESCAP...Flood Damage Statistics Survey Post-Disaster Survey in accordance with the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act Survey results are utilized

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Flood Damage Statistics in Japan - What is required for mainstreaming DM?

Yusuke AMANO

Director, International Affairs Office

Water and Disaster Management Bureau

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan

30 September 2013

Outline 1. Background

2. Methodology for Flood Damage Statistics Survey in Japan

3. Utilization of the Flood Damage Statistics

2

Official Statistics in Japan

Official Statistics is defined in the Statistics Act in Japan as “critical information for the citizens in their reasonable decision making”. In accordance with the Statistics Act, the Basic Plan concerning the development of official statistics is established, in which the Basic Policy and implementation measures are set.

Basic Policy

The role of official statistics To serve as the information bases for the country, enterprises, and individuals in their reasonable decision making.

Fundamental viewpoints for the policy implementation To secure the “effectiveness” of the official statistics; 1. Develop statistics systematically 2. Respond to changes to economical and social environment 3. Promote effective use of the statistical data 4. Prepare statistical data efficiently, secure statistical resources

and utilize them effectively

Flood Damage Statistics is designated as “Official Statistics”.

Survey and Statistics on Flood Damages in Japan

Flood Damage Statistics Survey has been carried out every year since 1961 to estimate the actual damage caused by water-related disasters such as floods, landslides, storm surges, tsunamis, etc. to various general assets owned by individuals or corporate bodies (housings, household commodities, machineries for businesses, agricultural products), public infrastructure such as rivers, roads, etc. and assets for public services such as transportation, communication, etc. The survey provides basic data to present the need for and effectiveness of flood control measures.

Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Post-Disaster Survey determines the number of people and housings (totally damaged, half-damaged, partially-damaged, inundation above/below floor level etc.) damaged by natural disasters including flood, earthquake and tsunami. The survey is conducted and the results are published immediately after the disaster occurrence and are updated as needed.

Post-Disaster Survey in accordance with the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act

Focusing on determination of economic damage

Focusing on announcement and securing budget for urgent recover

White Paper on Disaster Management

Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Post-Disaster Survey in accordance with the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act

Survey results are utilized as data source

White Paper on Disaster Management Based on Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act, White Paper has been issued every

year since 1963. It includes the overview of the disaster management measures implemented in the second preceding fiscal year, and the plan for disaster management measures for the current year. (Major disasters in the previous year is also described.)

1. Background



Outline

6

Overview of Flood Damage Statistics Survey

1. Overview of Flood Damage Statistics Survey Flood Damage Statistics Survey has been carried out every year since 1961 to estimate the actual damage caused by water-related disasters such as floods, landslides, storm surges, tsunamis, etc. to various general assets owned by individuals or corporate bodies (housings, household commodities, machineries for businesses, agricultural products), public infrastructure such as rivers, roads, etc. and assets for public services such as transportation, communication, etc. The survey provides basic data for presenting the need for and effectiveness of flood control measures.

2. Disasters subject to Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Following water-related disasters that occurred in a given year from January 1 to December 31

1) Floods and inundation caused by river discharge

2) Coastal inundation caused by storm surges and tsunamis

3) Mudflow, landslide, and slope failure caused by heavy rainfall

Types of Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Flood Damage Statistics Survey includes following surveys and are conducted by making consigning contracts with Prefectures.

1) General Asset Flood Damage Statistics Survey Number of houses damaged (according to inundation depth), affected

households, etc are surveyed in order to determine damages to general assets (housings, household commodities, business assets, agricultural products, etc).

Damages to General Asset

・Number of damaged houses according to inundation depth and gradient, number of affected households, etc

Type of Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Damages to Infrastructure

・Cost for emergency rehabilitation, etc

2) Public Infrastructure Flood Damage Statistics Survey Affected facilities and rehabilitation costs are surveyed in order to

determine damages to public infrastructure (rivers, coastal, sediment, roads, ports, sewerage, parks, etc).

3) Public Services Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Costs of physical damage and business interruption are surveyed in order to determine damages to public services (railway, water supply, power supply, communication, etc).

Damages to Public Services

・Physical damage, etc

Query and view the survey data

Methodology of the Flood Damage Statistics Survey

Flood Damage Statistics Survey is a general statistics survey in accordance with the article 19 of the Statistics Act (approved by Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications). It is carried out by MLIT’s Water and Disaster Management Bureau in collaboration with prefectures and municipalities.

National Government (MLIT)

Occurrence of water-related

disaster

-Aggregate the survey data -Calculate the economic damage

-Compile and publish Flood Damage Statistics

-Upload the data to the DB server of Flood Damage Statistics

Develop the guideline of flood damage statistics survey

(coverage and procedure of the survey, survey format, fill-

in guideline, etc.)

Access to Flood Damage Statistics DB National Government

(Regional Offices, etc.)

Aggregate, organize, and screen the survey data

Prefectures

General assets Public infrastructures Public Services

Municipalities Municipalities

Prefectures

Prefectures

Public Services Offices

Submit

Submit within 45 days of disaster

occurrence

Submit

Submit

Outline of Disaster Risk Management System in Japan

1

Various organizations take different roles in disaster risk management in Japan.

Preparedness Response Recovery/Reconstruction

Rescue Team

Fire Fighters Private Sectors

NGOs

Red Cross

Disaster

Infrastructure Managers

The Minister, the Governors of prefectures and the Mayor of municipalities are designated

as Infrastructure Manager in accordance with the management laws on respective

infrastructures such as roads, ports, rivers and so on.

Structural measures for DRM are mostly taken by Infrastructure Managers.

Infrastructure Managers

Municipalities

•Construction

of facilities

•Damage assessment

of the facilities

• Temporary repair

works

•Rehabilitation of facilities

• Instruction,

advisory and

order of

evacuation

•Damage assessment

for affected people

•Assistance to affected

people (temporary

housing etc.)

Police

Coordination among

various stakeholders

is essential.

Semi-Private Public Sectors

･ railway, bus ･ electricity, gas, telecom

･ broadcast

Characteristics of Flood Damage Statistics Survey

The Survey is conducted by municipalities and prefectures based on the nationally uniform survey format. The surveys conducted are not subject to the scale/impact of disasters. Information reported by municipalities and prefectures are facts such as inundation area, inundated households, etc. Determination of economic damages is carried out by MLIT. Survey results are published on MLIT website and are accessible by anyone.

Systematic survey allows accumulation of high-quality statistics data on a continuous basis

Outline 1. Background



13

Disaster data for effective management for each country can be utilized - to recognize characteristics of disasters - to review outcomes of disaster management - to identify priority actions to be taken - to encourage continuous efforts and investments for international community - to monitor progress of international cooperation - to help setting internationally common targets (Post MDGs, Review of HFA)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1

10

100

1,000

10,000

1946

1951

1956

1961

1966

1971

1976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

Flood Management Cost (2000 price)

GDP (2000 price)

Number of Fatalities

Number of Fatalities (people) Flood Management Cost (2000 price)

(hundred of million yen) GDP(2000 price) <billion yen>

<600,000>

<500,000>

<400,000>

<300,000>

<200,000>

<100,000>

<0>

Effect of Flood Management in Japan

*Number of fatalities exclude those who dead by tsunami *GDP : 1980-2011(2000 price), 1946-1979(1990 price)

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Number of Fatalities by Floods , GDP and Budget for Flood Management (2000 price)

Water-related Disasters Statistics in Japan

Inundated Area by Floods

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

19

62

19

67

19

72

19

77

19

82

19

87

19

92

19

97

20

02

20

07

Total Inundated Area (10,000ha)

Area of Inundated (Residential & Other Property) (10,000ha)

Inundated area (10,000 ha)

20

10

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

19

62

19

67

19

72

19

77

19

82

19

87

19

92

19

97

20

02

20

07

Damage to General Assets (10 billion yen)


Damage to General Assets (2000 Price)

Economic Losses to General Assets

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

Flood Management Cost (2000 price)

GDP (2000 price)

Flood Management Cost (2000 price) (hundred of million yen)

GDP(2000 price) <billion yen>

<600,000>

<500,000>

<400,000>

<300,000>

<200,000>

<100,000>

<0>

Flood Damage Density (Economic Losses per Area), GDP and Budget for Flood Management (2000 price)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

19

62

19

67

19

72

19

77

19

82

19

87

19

92

19

97

20

02

20

07

Damage to General Assets (10 billion yen)

Density of Damage Cost (thousand yen / ha)

Total Inundated Area (10,000ha)


Density of Flood Damage to General Assets

Damage to General Assets (2000 Price)

Inundated area (10,000 ha)

20

10

0

Water-related Disasters Statistics in Japan

Number of Fatalities (per Million People per Year)

19

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

中国韓国日本ベトナムフィリピンインドネシアバングラデシュスリランカアメリカイギリスオランダ

1991

Philippines 82persons/year

1974

Bangladesh 412 persons/year

1975 Floods in Henan Province, China

Vietnam

China 2004

Philippines 2007

Bangladesh

1995

Philippines

China Korea Japan Viet Nam Philippines Indonesia Bangladesh Sri Lanka The US UK The Netherlands

Korea

Number of Fatalities by floods （person/1 million residents）

Economic Losses by Floods (5 years average)/GDP(%)

20

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

19

70

19

71

19

72

19

73

19

74

19

75

19

76

19

77

19

78

19

79

19

80

19

81

19

82

19

83

19

84

19

85

19

86

19

87

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

Flood Damage/GDP (%) 中国韓国日本ベトナムフィリピンインドネシアバングラデシュスリランカアメリカイギリスオランダ

Maximum Line of The US, UK, and The Netherlands （0.2%）

Maximum Line of Japan, China, and Korea （0.5%）

China

Vietnam

Philippines

・US, UK and the Netherlands already have high standard of safety against floods, and their flood losses are kept under 0.2% since 1970. ・Japan with a high level of GDP also has kept flood losses under 0.2%. ・Korea’s flood losses have risen to approx. 0.5% of GDP due to floods of 2001 and 2002. ・Flood losses of the Philippines, Vietnam and China have significantly reduced from 1990 to 2004.

Bangladesh

China Korea Japan Indonesia Bangladesh Sri Lanka The US UK The Netherlands Viet Nam Philippines

Budget for Flood Management/GDP(%)

21

0.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

197

0

197

1

197

2

197

3

197

4

197

5

197

6

197

7

197

8

197

9

198

0

198

1

198

2

198

3

198

4

198

5

198

6

198

7

198

8

198

9

199

0

199

1

199

2

199

3

199

4

199

5

199

6

199

7

199

8

199

9

200

0

200

1

200

2

200

3

200

4

200

5

200

6

200

7

200

8

200

9

201

0

201

1

Budget for flood control /GDP(%)

中国：治水予算/GDP

韓国：治水予算/GDP

日本：治水予算/GDP

フィリピン：治水予算/GDP

バングラデシュ：治水予算/GDP

・Flood losses in the Philippines have been decreasing since 1995. It is probably due to the fact that flood control investment of 0.2 to 0.4% of GDP has been secured every year since late 1980s. ・Flood losses in China have been decreasing since 2004. Although no data is available on flood control investment since 2004, it is probability due to continuous investment into flood control. ・Bangladesh has been experiencing disruptive flood events with severe damages even in recent years.

Philippines

Japan

China

Korea

Bangladesh

China: Budget for flood control/GDP

Korea: Budget for flood control/GDP

Japan: Budget for flood control/GDP

Philippines: Budget for flood control/GDP

Bangladesh: Budget for flood control/GDP

○ Levee construction, channel excavation and development of detention basins were carried out in Igarashi River and Kariyata River of Shinano River System after the flood of July 2004 in order to prevent damages from future flooding.

○ In July 2011, heavy rain with precipitation higher than that of 2004 by 40% was recorded, however damages were significantly reduced.

Straightening of channel

Curved channel section is straightened to safely discharge flood water and prevent flooding.

Detention basin straightening of channel levee construction channel excavation, etc

Levee construction, channel excavation, straightening of channel, etc

▽ 17.72 平成23年7月30日洪水

▽ 20.38 平成16年7月13日洪水

刈谷田大堰地点

▽ 21.10堤防高

7.13水害では越水

Kariyata Weir

×Failure location ■Inundation area

Heavy Rain in Niigata and Fukushima in July 2004 Levees failed in Igarashi River and Kariyata River due to 13 days of heavy rains that started from the midnight of July 12 2004. Inundation occurred in a large extent.

Inundation due to levee failure in Igarashi River (Sanjo City, Niigata Pref.)

Kariyata River Nakanoshima Ohashi Bridge

E basin F basin

A basin B basin

C basin

Detention Basin (July 30 14:00)

Detention basins and upstream dam played effective roles in reducing downstream water levels and prevented inundation.

6 basins developed as emergency measures after 2004 flood

Kariyata River Detention Basin

[Dimensions of Kariyata River Detention Basin] Detention Area Design Capacity 912,000 m2 2,347,000 m3

Levee construction and channel excavation in Igarashi River

277.0

388.4

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

平成１６年７月洪水平成２３年７月洪水

150230

3426 0

40000

80000

120000

160000


14439

1062 0

4000

8000

12000

16000


2-day precipitation (Upstream of Teiseki-bashi) Damages to General Asset

（mm）（million yen） Damaged Buildings

（number）

40% increase 98% reduction 93% reduction

2004.7 2011.7 2004.7 2011.7 2004.7 2011.7

277.0

388.4

150,230

3,426

14,439

1,062

Effectiveness of Flood Control Projects (damage reduction due to levee construction, river channel excavation, etc)

Effectiveness of Flood Control Measures

土石流捕捉量約11,000m3

堰堤本体

保全された集落

2)USACE journal “River Side” September-October 2004

※The need for improvements against category

5 hurricanes (same as Katrina) had been

called for before the Katrina (stressing that

investment into prevention is more efficient) 2）

Overview of damages (New Orleans) Deaths ： 1,322 people Inundation area ： 80% of land area Inundated houses ： 160,000 people Total losses ： 125 billion dollars

Inundated city center

Hurricane Katrina (2005.8)

Inundation in Nishibiwajima Town

Heavy Rain in Tokai (2000.9)

23

名古屋市

庄内川

新川愛知県

しょうない

東海豪雨（H12.9）【愛知県庄内川・新川】

事業実施後：想定被害額

約1,200億円

事業実施後の想定被害額

再度災害防止費用

東海豪雨の被害額

被害額約6,700億円

事業費：計716億円

激特事業の効果：

約5,500億円相当 716億円の事前投資で

約5,500億円の被害軽減

ハリケーン・カトリーナ（H17.8）

約20億ドル1)

（約2,200億円）

堤防整備の効果：

最大約1,250億ドル（約14兆円）相当

約20億ドルの事前投資で約1250億ドルの被害軽減

被害額約1,250億ドル（約14兆円）

事前予防実施時の想定被害額

「カテゴリー５」対応費用

ﾊﾘｹｰﾝ･ｶﾄﾘｰﾅによる被害総額

2)

1)

1)米軍海洋大気庁(NOAA) Hurricane Katrina A Climatological Perspective(2006.8)

①ハリケーン・カトリーナ（H17.8）

約20億ドル1)

（約2,200億円）









約20億ドル1)

（約2,200億円）










約20億ドル1)

（約2,200億円）









約20億ドル1)

（約2,200億円）









Hurricane Katrina (2005.8)

125 billion USD

Heavy Rain in Tokai (2000.9) (Shonai & Shin Rivers)

670 billion yen

Total losses Estimated losses with prevention measures

Total losses Estimated losses with prevention measures

Cost of “Category 5” measures

Cost of Prevention Measures

2 billion USD of investment could reduce 125 billion USD of damages

Approx. 2 billion USD 2)

Effectiveness of prevention

Max. 125 billion USD

120 billion yen

Effectiveness of prevention

550 billion yen 71.6 billion yen of investment could reduce 550 billion yen of damages

Thank you very much for your attention.

Documents

Flood damage statistics in Japan - UN ESCAP...Flood Damage Statistics Survey Post-Disaster Survey in accordance with the Disaster Countermeasure Basic Act Survey results are utilized