Workshop related National Adaptation Planning

1 – 2 October 2015Bangkok

INCORPORATING CLIMATE CHANGE RESILIENCE IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT

(MALAYSIA)

Rohani AhmadIr. Ahmad Darus

Siti Hawa Adila Mohd YusofFlood Mitigation Division

Department of Irrigation and DrainageMalaysia

Climate Change ?

The term “climate change” refers to “the warming of earth’s atmosphere and oceans, in addition to an increase in the natural variability of the climate change”.

(Municipal Climate Change Action Plan Guidebook,Canada-Nova Scotia Infrastructure Secretariat, 2011)

Indication of Climate Change Trends:

Warmer temperature Increasing amount of precipitations Greater UV exposure Sea level rise (higher tides) Stronger winds, storm surges More frequent storm events More frequent extreme weather events such as heat Waves, droughts and heavy precipitation in the form of

rain, snow and strong winds

Climate Change Adaptation

Taking actions that will help to reduce the impacts associated with anticipated climate change trends, events and hazards.

Taking advantage of new opportunities that may created as result of climate change

To find the right solutions that manage risk, protect people and assets, meet regulatory requirements and offer long term resilience against further variability and change

Flood Events in Malaysia Major floods was recorded since 1926 followed by 1949, 1971 and

2014 9% (30,000 sq km) of the total area of the country is prone to

flooding Approx 4.8 mill people live in areas prone to flooding Floods 2006, 2007 and Jan 2011, some urban areas in Johor –

including Segamat, Johor Bharu, Kluang, Kota Tinggi and Muar were flooded and completely cut off

Recent flood 2014 in the east cost states (Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang) is due to prolonged rainfall ranging from 625 – 1405 mm (57% to 90% excess rainfall)

2014 Flood : The effect of Climate Change had influenced and increased total rainfall to 18% - 40% . These causes increase in peak flood in Sg. Kelantan and Sg. Pahang.

Challenges in Flood Management

Floodplains are continuously being developed Residents/stakeholders have high expectations and less

tolerance towards flooding Structural flood management costs is rising Non-structural approach has not been well accepted (IFM,

IWRM) Global climate change

Flood Management Measures in Climate Change Resilience

Aims to Disasters risk reduction Control and reduce the occurrence of flood Reduce damage and flood losses Protect life and prevent damage to property

Integrated Flood Management

Flood Management Measures: Programs/Projects conducted at National Levels

- Disasters Risks Reduction and Management

It is an integrated approach for an effective and efficient flood mitigation management, which maximize the efficient use of flood plain and minimize damage to properties and loss of life.

IFM concept of living with flood is based on the following principles:

Employ basin approachTreat floods as the water cycleIntegrate land and water managementAdopt mix strategies based on risk management approaches’Ensure participatory approach

Flood Management Measures: Programs/Projects conducted at National Levels

- Disasters Risks Reduction and Management

Masterplan and Design

The formulation of a comprehensive short term and long term solutions Structural and non-structural measures for the flooding problems To reduce the adverse impacts and To protect the existing and future developments by providing an appropriate

level of affordable flood protection Flood mitigation measures shall incorporate the concept of integrated flood

management and river restoration Minimization of structural intervention. Ensuring the effectiveness of the existing flood mitigation infrastructure network

and drainage facilities within the Study Area, Environmental impacts, social and public expectations.

Non – Structural Measures: Flood Hazard Map

Flood hazard maps is prepared based on 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100-year ARIs. Climate Change Factor (CCF) shall be adopted for the 100-year ARI case only. The modelling shall be considered the present and future land use conditions obtained from approved sources by the Government under the following situations: Present drainage condition. With flood mitigation works that are being proposed or have been proposed by previous

studies.

Flood Evacuation Map Flood evacuation maps is prepared based on 100years ARI at a scale approved by the Government in both hardcopies and digital format for present and future land use conditions, from approved source by the Government for the following situation:- Present drainage condition Flood Mitigation works that are being proposed or have been proposed by previous study The Flood evacuation map shall include location of flood evacuation centres

Flood Management Measures: Programs/Projects conducted at National Levels

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD HAZARD MAPS IN MALAYSIA

Cabinet Meeting ResultProcurement of InfoWorks RS and CS Software by JPS

2009

2009

20092009

2010

2010

2010

2011

2012

2014

4 Flood Hazard Map were developed

2 in-house Flood Hazard Map completed

12 Flood Hazard Maps compeleted

Start in-house Hydrodynamics' Modelling

Flood Hazard Maps are included in the scope of the Flood Mitigation Master Plan

TOR that specific Flood Hazard Map is prepared

MSAN Meeting Result2008

9 more Flood Hazard Map were developed

Flood Hazard Maps are widely used in the planning of RTB. FHM production continued .........

List of Completed Flood Hazard Map2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

JOHOR1. Kluang River2. S.Renggam River3. Batu Pahat River4. Muar River5. Mersing River6. Johor River

SELANGOR1. Buloh River2. Damansara River

PULAU PINANG1. Pinang River

KELANTAN1. Pasir Mas Town2. Tanah Merah

Town

SABAH1. Beaufort Town2. Tenom Town3. Sook Town4. Moyog Town

KEDAH1. Muda River

MELAKA1. Melaka River2. Kesang River

SELANGOR1. Selangor River2. Labu River

PERAK1. Kerian River2. Kinta River

KEDAH1. Kedah River

PERLIS1. Perlis River2. Arau River

NEGERI SEMBILAN1. Linggi River (US)

JOHOR1. Skudai River2. Pulai River3. Melayu River4. Pendas River

TERENGGANU1. Setiu River

PAHANG1. Pahang River

N. SEMBILAN (MELAKA)

1. Linggi River (DS)

31 Flood Hazard

Maps out of 2986

river basins have

been prepared

Source: Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, 2014 12

Flood risk maps shall be produced based on 100-year ARI at the scale of 1:25,000 for present and future land use conditions as clearly stated in the Scope of Works. The flood risk maps for the specified ARIs must clearly indicate:

• Flood risk zone• Flood extent• Location of flood evacuation centres • Major towns• Transportation network• Point of interests

The flood risk zone shall be denoted by the colour scheme below:

Colour Flood Risk Class Range Colour Name R G BVery Low Risk < 50 Grey 225 225 225Low Risk 51 – 1,000 Sky Blue 135 206 235Medium Risk 1,001 – 5,000 Yellow Green 154 205 50High Risk 5,001 – 25,000 Peach Puff 225 218 185Very High Risk > 25,000 Red 225 0 0

Incorporating Climate Change Resilience in Flood Management Measures : Challenges in Developing and Implementing

Component will be bigger (ex, section will wider, height will be higher, capacity will be higher)

Project will be costly (acquire data) To update completed FHM in every 6 years To manage all data and models for every completed projects

Flood Management Measures: Programs/Projects conducted at National Levels- Projects

MASTERPLAN & DESIGN KOTA TINGGI, JOHOR

1 Dam + By-pass Channel + River Improvement Work

BATANG KALI, SELANGORMini Reservoir (Flood Storage), Flood Levee System, River Improvement Work

MASTERPLAN FOR KOTA TINGGI, JOHOR1 Dam + By-pass Channel + River Improvement Work

Proposed ByPass Channel

ProposedSayong Dam

Flood Management Measures: Programs/Projects conducted at National Levels- Non Structural Measures

FLOOD WARNING SYSTEM ** FLOOD FORECASTING SYSTEM ** FLOOD HAZARD FLOOD EVACUATION MAP FLOOD RISK MAP

** Hydrology and Water Resources Division of DID

Flood Hazard MapDefinition: Flood Hazard Map is a map showing the areas that can be flooded by three probability (low, medium, high) with details including information of flood extent, water level, flow velocity and direction of flow.

(source: DID Manual, 2009)

Process• Generated through

hydrodynamic modeling with hydrological and hydraulic input

Output• Flood area• Flood depth• Flow velocity• Flow direction

FLOOD EVACUATION PLAN (SUNGAI JOHOR )

Refer Figure Evacuation Map for Kota Tinggi Town

Kawasan Banjio

Kawasan Banjir

FH_ID NAMA JENIS

K1 Sek Keb Sg Telor, Kg Sg Telor Sekolah

K2 Sek Men Agama Bandar Tenggara, Bandar Tenggara Sekolah

K3 Sek Agama Bandar Tenggara, Bandar Tenggara Sekolah

K4 SMK Bandar Tenggara, Bandar Tenggara Sekolah

K5 Sek Men Sains Kota Tinggi Sekolah

K6 Sek Men Keb Agama Bandar Penawar Sekolah

K7 Sek Men Keb Bandar Penawar Sekolah

K8 Surau Kg Baru Sg Mas Surau

K9 Surau Kg Semanggar Luar, Kg Semanggar Surau

K10 Dewan Teratai BT4, Kg Sepak Hulu Dewan

K11 Klinik Desa Kg. Semangar Klinik

K12 Poliklinik Komuniti Bandar Tenggara Klinik

K13 Poliklinik Komuniti Bandar Mas Klinik

K14 Klinik Desa Sg. Sayong Klinik

FH_ID NAMA JENIS

J1 Balairaya REM, Kg Sg Berangan Balairaya

J2 Sek Keb Nam Heng, Kg Sg Serai, SgTiram Sekolah

J3 Dewan Raya Sg Tiram, Kg Sg Tiram Dewan

J4 Balairaya Kg Paya Sg Redan, Kg Paya Balairaya

J5 Balairaya Sg. Berangan, Kg SgBerangan Balairaya

FH_ID NAMA JENIS

L1 SJK(C) Chin Chiang, Jln Hj Siraj, Renggam Sekolah

L2 Sek. Keb Pekan Layang-layang Sekolah

L3 SMK Layang-layang Sekolah

L4 SJK(C) Thorburn, Ldg Ulu Remis, Layang-layang Sekolah

L5 SJK(C) Sayong, Kg Baru, Sayong Sekolah

L6 Balai Polis Renggam Balai Polis

L7 Balai Polis Layang-Layang Balai Polis

DAERAH KOTA TINGGIDAERAH KLUANG

DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU

PUSAT PENEMPATAN BANJIR

AGENCIES PHONE NUMBERSPejabat Daerah Johor Bahru 07-2231963 /

07-2231963Ibu Pejabat Polis Daerah Johor Bahru 07-2232222

Jabatan Bomba dan PenyelamatDaerah

07-2243444

Jabatan Kerja Raya Daerah 07-2231557Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Daerah

07-2220755

Pejabat RELA Daerah 07-2261785

AGENCIES PHONE NUMBERSPejabat Daerah Kluang 07-7711305Ibu Pejabat Polis Daerah Johor Bahru 07-7722222

Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Daerah

07-7724444

Jabatan Kesihatan Daerah 07-7727633Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran Daerah

07-7723633

Pejabat RELA Daerah 07-7724332

DAERAH KLUANG

DAERAH JOHOR BAHRUAGENSI BERKAITAN

District Social Welfare Office

07-8835536

Flood Command Centre

07-889312207-889312307-8893124 07-8893125

Emergency Goods

FLOOD EVACUATION PLAN FOR KOTA TINGGI Floods

Fire StationPolice StationCommunity HallHospitalSchoolMosqueAgencyClinicRoadRailwayWater bodyRiver

Legend Contact in Emergency

Fire Station 07-8831444

Police Station07-8831222 07-8831223 07-883673307-8831221

Hospital 07-8831320

Disaster Operation Centre

Disaster Coordinating Council

Your Evacuation Centre

Ketua Kampung

In Case of 2007 Flood ExtentKota Tinggi Bridge

Sg. Johor

Taman Kota Jaya(Location 5, +4.28mRL)

Kota Tinggi Town(Location 1, +2.75mRL)

Kampung Makam(Location 3, +2.4mRL)

Kampung Kelantan(Location 4, +2.65mRL)

Taman Kuso(Location 2, +3.42mRL)

Kampung Sri Lalang(Location 6, +2.29mRL)

Flood Risk Map (Kota Tinggi Town)

Zoom Area 3

Flood Risk Map (Sungai Linggi di Melaka)

Incorporating Climate Change Resilience in Flood Management

- Concluding Remarks

Adopt concept of living with floods Incorporate Integrated Flood Management (IFM) in

development plans Adopt BMP’s in Climate Change Factors ( 1 in 100 year flood

event) Stakeholders Engagement Policy makers – policies and funding Technical experts – research, preparing regulations for physical

adaptations Government officials – implementation, monitoring and enforcement Community representatives - understanding and participations