Flower Ovary

8/22/2019 Flower Ovary

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Ovary

Collectively the ovary, style and stigma make up the femaleparts of the flower. This is variably called a carpel, pistil orgynoecium.

Flower Parts

Stigma

Style

Ovary

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Ovary

Flower Parts

The ovary is derived from one to many carpels that contain the ovules.The ovary becomes the fruit, carpels are usually indicative of thenumber of locules in the fruit and the ovules become the seeds withinthe locules.

Ovary with fivecarpels.

Ovary withthree carpels.

Ovules

Locule

Ovary

Sarracenia Lillium

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Ovary position

Flower Parts

The position of the ovary is characteristic of different plant families.The ovary can be above the other flower parts, below the flower partsor held up on a special structure called a hypanthium.

Superior(Hypogynous)

Intermediate(Perigynous)

Inferior(Epigynous)

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Ovary position

Flower Parts

A hypogynous flower has a superior ovary that is above the otherflower parts. St. Johns wort is a good example of this type of ovaryposition.

Superior(Hypogynous)

St. Johns wort(Hypericum)

Stamens

Petals

Ovary

Sepals

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Ovary position

Flower Parts

A perigynous flower is characterized by having a receptacle cup(hypanthium) that surrounds the ovary. The floral parts initiate fromthis cup.

Intermediate(Perigynous)

Balloonflower (Platycodon)

Stamens

Petals

Ovary

Sepals

Hypanthium

Flower in the bud Open flower

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Ovary position

Flower Parts

A epigynous flower has an inferior ovary. Evening primrose nicely showsthe separation between the ovary and the other flower parts.

Inferior(Epigynous)

Evening primrose(Oenothera)

Stamens

Fuschia (Fuschia)

Petals

Stamens

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Ovary placentationOvules are arranged in patterns within the ovary on placental connections.

Axile

Free centralParietal

Flower Parts

Basal


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Basal placentation

In basal placentation, the ovule is located at the base of the ovary. The ovaryoften comprised of a single chamber called a locule.

Linden Tilia tomentosa

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

Flower Parts


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Basal placentation

When the ovule is located at the pedicel end of the ovary it is termed erect andwhen the ovule is located at the opposite end of the ovary it is termed pendulous.

Linden Tilia tomentosa

Ovule

Cherry Prunus cerasus

Erect placentation Pendulous placentation

Flower Parts



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Basal placentation

At first glance, many aggregate fruits appear to have free central or axialplacentation. However, aggregate fruits are actually groupings of attachedindividual ovaries usually with a single ovule often with basal placentation.

Ovule

Ovary

Sweet gum Liquidambar styricaflua Sweet bay Magnolia glabra

Flower Parts


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Parietal placentation

In parietal placentation, the ovule is attached to the ovary wall. The simplestform is seen in the pod where ovules are attached along one edge of the ovary.

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

False indigo Baptisia pendula

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In a developing peony pod you can clearly see the ovules on short placentaattached in rows on the folded edge of the ovary. You can also clearly seethat there are no partitions in the ovary (a single locule).

Peony Paeonia officinalis

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

Flower Parts



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In the chelondine poppy, three rows of ovules attach at three locations on theovary. In this case, ovules have a very short placenta.

Chelondine poppy

Stylophorum diphyllum

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

Aborted ovule

Flower Parts



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Cactus can appear to have a riot of ovules in the ovary because they are borne onlong placentas. If you look closely, you will see that the placentation is parietal.

Cactus Echinopsis

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

Aborted ovule

Flower Parts


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Axile placentation

In Axile placentation, ovules are attached to a central axis in an ovary withnumerous partitions called locules.

Ovule

Locule

Ovary

Day lily HemerocallisPlacenta

Flower Parts



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Axile placentation

In Axile placentation, ovules are attached to a central axis in an ovary withnumerous partitions called locules.

Ovule

Locule

Ovary

Day lily Hemerocallis

Central axis

Petals

Flower Parts



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Axile placentation

Ovaries with three locules in axile placentation are typical of monocots.

Iris

Lily Lillium

Amazon Lily Eucharis

Tulip Tulipa

Flower Parts



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Axile placentation

Foxglove is an example of an ovary with two fused carpels and two locules withaxile placentation.

Ovule

Ovary

Foxglove DigitalisCentral axis

LoculesDeveloping ovary Nearly mature ovary

Flower Parts



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Axile placentation

Dicots typically have two, four, five , or more locules within an ovary.

Sarracenia

Love-in-a-mist Nigella

Pitcher plant

Balloon flower Platycodon

Flower Parts



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Fl P


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Axile placentation

Blueberry shows the typical star-shape seen in many fleshy ovaries that willbecome berries. The star-shape is created by the axine placentation but theindividual locules can be difficult to see in the fleshy fruit.

Ovule

Ovary

Central axis

Blueberry Vaccinium

Flower Parts



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Fl P


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Axile placentation

In kiwi fruit there is a high percentage of fertilized ovules with many ovulesper locule and many locules. In serviceberry There are only two ovules perlocule and most of the ovules have aborted due to lack of fertilization exceptfor a pair in one locule.

Ovule

Ovary

Serviceberry Amelanchier

Central axis

Kiwi Actinidia

AbortedOvules

Locule

Flower Parts



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Fl P


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Parietal and Axile PlacentationThe placenta in some ovaries can be elaborate and extend into the locule. Although

similar in appearance St. Johns wort ovaries have a single locule with parietalplacentation and monkey flower has two locules making its placentation axile.

Monkey flower Mumulus

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

St Johns wort Hypericum

Locule

Ovule

Placenta

Ovary

Locule

Parietal Axile

Flower Parts


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Fl P


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Free central placentation

In free central placentation, ovules are attached to a central axis in an ovarywith only a single locule.

Ovule

Central axis

Ovary

Shooting star Dodecatheon

Flower Parts



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Fl P


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Free central placentation

Shooting star has an ovary of five fused carpels as a single locule. Ovules areproduced just below the ovary wall.

Ovule

Ovary

Shooting star Dodecatheon

Central axis

Flower Parts


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Flower Ovary