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FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard Vikasa High School Alkola, Shimoga – 577 204

FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

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Page 1: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

FOREST AND WILDLIFE

Skanda S ShenoyX standard

Vikasa High SchoolAlkola, Shimoga – 577 204

Page 2: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

WILD LIFEINTRUDUCTION :

Indian is unique in having immense natural beauty is its different lions and in possessing a rich and diverse wild life

fauna Indian wild life is incomparable in its variety for example, the tiger, the lion and the leopard room about in the same country elephants and the one horned rhinoceros are

found here in abundance.India has more types of the graceful deer and cats than any

other country in the world. In facts, India includes more than 120 families of terrestrial vertebrates.

It has been estimated that there are more than 400 species of mammals, 1200 species of Birds, more than 350 Species of Reptiles and more that 29,70,000 species of insects in India

Page 3: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

REASONS FOR WILD LIFE

• The wild life has also been used commercially to earn a lot of money in on way or the other.• The wild life is the cultural asset of a country like India. It has deep rooted effect on art sculpture, literature and religion of the country.

Page 4: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

CONSERVATION MEASURES:

• For the preservation of species wild life management staff should have a correct idea about the exact habitat which the species under consideration needs.

• Natural habitat of wild animals should be carefully protected.

• Shooting and hunting of endangered species should be totally banned.

• Habitats of wild life should be improved by constructing water holes, saltlicks and by raising plantation of better and nourishing fodder grasses and trees.

Page 5: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

MODES OF WILD LIFE CONSERVATION

• Protected species of Indian wild life are here they are, white eyed buck, black buck, Four horen antelope, golden cat, snow leopard, great Indian bustard, Monitor lizard, winter lizard, leathery turtle, marsh crocodile etc.

Page 6: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

REASONS FOR DEPLETION OF WILD LIFE

• Destruction of wild plants of forests for timber, charcoal and firewood often deprives wild animals their most palatable food and affects their survival.

• Absence of covers or shelter to wild animals.

• Noise pollution by different transport media and polluting river water have adversely affected wild animals.

• Hunting methods of all kinds and for any purpose (that is, food, recreation, fur, plumage, tusk, horn etc.) have caused destruction of wild life.

Page 7: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

SOME INDIAN SANCTUARIES AND NATIONAL PARKS

• Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary. • Manas Wild life Sanctuary. • Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary. • Mundanthurai Sanctuary • Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary. • Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary. • Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary. • Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. • Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary • Kolameru Bird Sanctuary • Guindy Deer Park. • Sesan Gir• Sariska• Chilka Lake • Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary. • Daachigam Wildlife Sanctuary.

Page 8: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

WILD LIFE RESEARCH IN INDIA

• Wildlife Institute of India (WII) covers various aspects of applied research on wild life for different ecological and geographical regions of the country. Show leopard (Ladakh), Nilgiri Langur(Tamil Nadu), Grizzled gaint squirrel (Tamil Nadu), monitoring of reintroduced Mugger crocodiles (Andhra Pradesh) and monitoring of reintroduced Rhinoceros (Dudhwa, U.P) are the main studies completed by the institute.

Page 9: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

WILD LIFE EDUCATION AND TRAINING

• Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun organized 9 month PG Diploma and three months Certificate courses on wild life for protected area managers at the professional and Field technician level during 1991-92.

• The Institute also organized a Zoo Management course for Middle Level Managers and Technicians and 4 week course for 16 trainees from Zoos and wild life organizations from different states.

Page 10: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

FOREST

INTRODUCTION:• A plant community predominantly of

trees and other vegetation usually with a closed canopy is called forest. Today forest may be regarded as any land managed for the diverse purpose of forestry, whether covered with trees shrubs, climbers, lions etc or not the word jungle is used to describe a collection of trees, shrubs etc that are not grown in a regular manner.

Page 11: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

IMPORTANCE OF FOREST

• Forest are the only source of timbers, wood fuel, bamboos and a rich source of a variety of valuable products.

• They guard against erosion of land, damage of water sheds, floods and segmentation. The provide shelter to the wildlife.

• Above all, forest also provide facility of the grazing of live stocks and produce a large number of products of commercial as well as industrial importance.

Page 12: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

TYPES OF FOREST

• Moist tropical forests • Dry tropical forests • Mountain subtropical

forests• Mountain temperate forests • Subalpine forests • Alpine scrub forests

Page 13: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

DEFORESTATION

Forest in developing countries are going to be reduced at an alarming rate. This process of deforestation is a serious threat to economy, quality of life and future of the environment in our country. The important causes of deforestation in India are,

Page 14: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

• Rapid explosion of human and livestock population

• Expansion of agricultural croplands for farming and enhanced grazing by cattle.

• Increased demand for fuel wood, timber, wooden crates, paper, newsprint’s, patter boards, medicines etc.

Page 15: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

Comparative situation of cover 1993 and 1991 assessment (sq.km)

State / Uts 1991 Assessment 1993 Assessment Change in 1993

Andhra Pradesh 47290 47256 -34

Arunchal Pradesh 68757 68661 -96

Assam 24751 24508 -243

Bihar 26668 26587 -81

Goa (Including Daman & Diu)

1255 1250 -5

Gujarat 11907 12044 137

Himachal Pradesh 11780 12505 722

Jammu & Kashmir 20064 20443 379

Karnataka 32199 32343 144

Kerala 10292 10336 44

Madhya Pradesh 135785 135396 -389

Maharashtra 40044 43589 -185

Manipur 17685 17621 -64

Meghalaya 15875 15769 -106

Mizoram 18853 18697 -156

Nagaland 14321 14348 27

Orissa 47205 47145 -60

Punjab 1343 1343 0

Rajasthan 12835 13099 264

Sikkim 3033 3119 86

Tamil Nadu 17713 17726 13

Tripura 5535 5538 3

Page 16: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

AFFORESTATION

The development of forests on wastelands is usually known as afforestation

In India, Wasteland Development Programme is being and overseen by National Wastelands development Board (NWDB) which has adopted a mission approach for enlisting people’s participation, harnessing inputs of science and technology and achieving inter disciplinary co-ordination in the programme, planning and implementation.

Page 17: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

FOREST RESEARCH IN INDIA

In India, India Council of Forest Research and Education (ICFRE) is an autonomous body with the Ministry of Environment and Forests, which holds the mandate to organize, direct and manage research and education in the fields of forestry.

There are five important research institutes, they are,• Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun.• Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore

• Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore

Page 18: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

CONSERVATIONConservation is the most efficient and most beneficial utilization of natural resources and Is one of the most significant applications of ecology. Conservation is mainly concerned with the management of the natural resources of the earth, taking into consideration their proper use, preservation and protection from destructive influences and misuse etc .

Page 19: FOREST AND WILDLIFE - ERNETwgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/lake2006/programme/programme... · FOREST AND WILDLIFE Skanda S Shenoy X standard ... INTRUDUCTION: Indian is unique in having

DON’T FIRE THE FOREST