10 . . . . . . ' :

11 . . . ] 1 [ . 1 : ] 2 [ . ] 2 [ .

2 : : : ) ( . 12 : . ] 3 [ :

- 3 :

] - 3 [ . 3 . ) ( . . 2 . . . 3 1 3 3 6 3 .

13 .* 3 / 4 . 1 : Sa , T - ) ( .

4 : :

2 : . . .

. .

14 )oG ( .gVG2SO=

. 1 2SV 3 g 0G ) kPa ([ ]60 1N S . P . T0 ) kPa ( ) ATC - 40 NAVAC ) 1986A,1986B (( Qc= S QaIIow Qallow : 3qallow= qc qallow= . cQ

BL q Qc c =cq cM =ccqq LPM 12

P BLPq = BL . . Qc (vcrtIcaI) Qc (hIrocIntaI) Qc (vcrtIcaI) : cq . Qc (hIrocIntaI) : . 15 :[ ]03160 1 0N 4375 G = G )oG( . 0G / G ) g ( 2800 65 / 0 60 / 0 50 / 0 45 / 0 40 / 0 35 / 0 30 / 0 25 / 0 20 / 0 10 / 0919 / 0 925 / 0 937 / 0 944 / 0 950 / 0 958 / 0 967 / 0 975 / 0 983 / 0 0 / 1I656 / 0 675 / 0 713 / 0 731 / 0 750 / 0 783 / 0 817 / 0 850 / 0 883 / 0 95 / 0II250 / 0 300 / 0 400 / 0 450 / 0 500 / 0 567 / 0 633 / 0 700 / 0 767 / 0 9 / 0III- - - - 05 / 0 142 / 0 233 / 0 325 / 0 417 / 0 6 / 0IV

G . . IV ) PI > 75 ( 0G / G . ) 1 (3 . 1,) 1 ( 1203 . 02sin2sin42351512222242 2v BGkvt EDkBnLmDn mksvfffm nsv fsv==

16 0.9zz0.6 1.9 0.6yy0.2xx2/3zx y0.42 xBdLB1 2.6 1 DdLd3.7 1.5Ld1.4 1 LBDdB2d1Bd2.5 1 BLL d(B0.32 1LB2.6 2BD2111 BLL) hd(B1.6 1BD0.21 1 + + =+ + =+ + = ++ + + == +++ =

+ =+ =+ =+ =+ + =+ =51 . 0 53 . 0 ) 6 034 . 0 47 . 01) 51 . 0 4 . 01) 4 8 . 0 55 . 11) 38 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 32) 2 2 . 1 4 . 32) 145 . 23,4 . 23,3,75 . 0,65 . 0,65 . 0,BLGB kBLvGBkBLvGBkBLvGBkBLBLvGBkBLvGBksur zz sur yysur xx sur zsur y sur x :

1f 2fE 3 t 4fD 5B 6L 7 8 G 9svk 10fI 11fE 12l 13svk 14 17

) ( . .k l kGkGki i mid end=== 173 . 0183 . 6 . .) 1 (3 . 1v BGksv= 18

. 60 . ) k (pv . nN1 npvLAEk == prk 2nN1 nnprSLAEk ==

A E L - n N N nS n - 19

. . : . . QUF .3QQCEUDE G UDQ Q Q = * : : * . .CL UFkQ Q CLQ k . QUF . . . J C C CQQ Q3 2 1EG UF = 20 . BL q Qc c = :

H K ph 4 . 0 = 1H 2 3hK 2800 hK . . . 2 : : . .

1 . 1381 .2 . 1381 .3 . 1384 ) 84 - 2800 - .(4 . 1379 ) ..(5 . 1379 ) ( . 10.ASCE31-03-SeismicEvaluationofExictingBuildings, American Society of Civil Engineers,2003 11.ASTMStandard,AmericanSocietyforTestingand Materials 12.FEMA-154-Rapidvisualscreeningofbuildingfor potential seismic hazards:AHandbook,FederalEmergencyManagement Agency.1988. 13.FEMA-273"SeismicRehabilitationGuidelines.Federal Emergency Management Agency.1997 14. FEMA 274 "NEHRP Commentaries on the Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings. 1997 15.FEMA310HandbookfortheSeismicEvaluationof Buildings. A Prestandard, Federal Emergency Management Agency.1998. 16. FEMA 356 "Seismic Rehabilitation Prestandard. Federal Emergency Management Agency.2000 19.SeismicEvaluationandStrengtheningofExisting Buildings, Final Draft, Durgesh C.Rai, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 2004 20.Tri-DirectionalSeismicAnalysisofanUnreinforced Masonry Building WithFlexibleDiaphragms,StevenC.Sweeney,MatthewA. Horney, and Sarah L. Orton , U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2004 21.UniformCodeForBuildingConservation,International Conference of Building Offices , USA.2003