French Revolution &

Napoleon

Queen Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI

The Eve of Revolution

• 1789• French Old Order/Three Estates

1. Clergy2. Nobility3. Everyone else

Enlightenment Ideas

• Questioning inequalities of Old Regime

• Third Estate calls for change

France’s Problems

• 1. Financial troubles– Deficit spending– National debt from war/extravagances

• 2. Economic Reforms– Need for taxing 1st and 2nd

• 3. Refusal to call Estates-General

Fixing the Problems…maybe

• Louis XVI calls Estates-General to meet– Preparing cahiers

• May-June 1789– 3rd declares themselves as National

Assembly– Tennis Court Oath

TENNIS COURT OATH

Storming the Bastille

• July 14, 1789• 800 Parisians gather around Bastille

• Bastille Day– French Independence Day

S2: The French Revolution Unfolds

• “Great Fear”

• Marquis de Lafayette– U.S.– Natl Guard

National Assembly

• Ends their own privileges– “Feudalism is abolished!”

• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen– Similar to the ____– UH….women?

• Liberte, Equalite, Fraternite!

Women in Versailles

• BREAD!

• Marie Antoinette…GRR!!!!

• Versailles Tuileries

National Assembly

• Lots of debt take over Church lands!

• Church under state control conflict

• Constitution of 1791 limited monarchy instead of absolute, reformed laws, collect taxes, separation of Church and state, equality for male citz.

RUN!!!

• Louis and Marie attempt to…escape.

Radicals Take Over

• Emigres nobles, clergy who fled– Thus, European rulers are NOT supportive– Enlightenment ideas?

• National Assembly becomes Legislative Assembly– Jacobins (middle class)

• Sans-culottes- radicals who wanted a republic

Radicals Take Over

• Jacobins want REVOLUTION!

• Declare war on Prussia, Austria, Britain, etc.

S3: Radical Days of the Revolution

• 1793 Radical Phase

• French troops decimated by Prussian forces, some royalists become emigres

• Radicals take control of the L.A.–Becomes National Convention• Extends suffrage

Radical France

• Votes to abolish the monarchy

• Establish French Republic

• Louis XVI tried by the Convention and put to death– Vote! Every vote counts…– January 1793– October 1793

The French Republic

• Committee of Public Safety–Massive tax on ALL for war– Trials and executions – Crushing peasant revolts

The Reign of Terror

• Maximilien Robespierre “The Incorruptible”– Favored by Jacobins, sans-culouttes– “Liberty cannot be secured unless

criminals lose their heads”– Architect of the Reign of Terror• 1793-1794• Guillotine

Stage 3 Revolution

• 3rd Constitution by the moderates• Moderates hold power from 1795-

1799• Sets up the Directory • Problems:

Napoleon Bonaparte

• Politicians planned to use him…he outwits them all!

• Nationalism

S4: The Age of Napoleon

• 1799-1815• Favors radicals and a republic• Victorious general (hid losses)

politics• Ends Directory, begins Consulate– First Consul

• 1804- Emperor of the French!– Democratic despotism

Napoleon’s Reforms

• Controls prices, public works projects• Concordat of 1801• Emigres need to oath of loyalty• Napoleonic Code–Women lost rights–Male dominated family– Religious tolerance– Ends serfdom– Careers based on talent, merit

Napoleon’s Empire

– 1812 farthest extent

• Map of Europe is redrawn!• Abolished Holy Roman Empire• Britain evades Napoleon through sea

power– Battle of Trafalgar– Continental System

Napoleon’s Downfall

• Nationalism beats Napoleon

RUSSIA 1812• Tsar Alexander I– Scorched earth policy

• Napoleon’s Grand Army– 1000 mile retreat

Napoleon’s Defeat

• Due to defeat, new alliance:– Prussia, Russia, Austria, Britain– Defeats Napoleon in 1813

• Napoleon will abdicate– Sent to Elba– Louis XVIII is now King – 1815…he’s baaaaaaaaaaaaack….

Napoleon’s Defeat II

• Battle of Waterloo (Belgium)-– Britain’s Duke of Wellington– Abdicates again to St. Helena

• Napoleon dies in 1821• HRE becomes Germany• Rise of nationalism• Sold LA Territory

End of the War

• Congress of Vienna- meeting to decide the end…–Main goal is a lasting peace – Protect monarchies– Surrounds France with strong countries– Establish the principle of legitimacy

• Quadruple Alliance– PRAB

End of the War

• Concert of Europe– Powers meet periodically to discuss

problems facing Europe– No European wars for 100 years!

War ended in 1814…in one hundred years….

Images Used• French Revolution Charts: http://

westerncivguides.umwblogs.org/files/2011/11/causes_french_revolution3.gif • Guillotine: http://content.answcdn.com/main/content/img/getty/7/9/2695379.jpg • Marie Antoinette: http://

www.history.com/images/media/slideshow/french-revolution/marie-antoinette.jpg • King Louis xvi: http://

upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Ludvig_XVI_av_Frankrike_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_AF_Callet.jpg

• Pyramid: http://relay-of-revolutions.wikispaces.com/file/view/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo822.png/158885463/480x385/3_Estates_Pyramid_annielo822.png

• Tennis Court Oath: http://myweb.rollins.edu/jsiry/David_Jeu_de_Paume.jpg • Stormig of Bastille: http://

media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/98/90498-004-CEB880DC.jpg • Marquis Lafayette: http://

upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Gilbert_du_Motier_Marquis_de_Lafayette.PNG

• Louis XVI coins: http://img.ma-shops.com/almanumis/pic/combined697.jpg • Napoleon: http://

www.findingdulcinea.com/docroot/dulcinea/fd_images/features/profiles/b/napoleon-bonaparte/features/0/image.jpg

• Google Maps: www.google.com/maps